Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Unit 6 Lesson 8
EQ. Was Radical Reconstruction justified?
1. Who did Johnson's reconstruction plan make it hard for?
2. What were the laws that restricted Black rights called?
3. Who were the leaders of the Radical Republicans?
4. What law gave all people the same rights as Whites except Natives?
5. What began Radical Reconstruction?
6. What is impeachment, and what got Johnson impeached?
1
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Lincoln died at 7:30 the next morning. All of the conspirators were caught. Booth was shot in the neck after refusing to surrender, he died two hours later. All of the main conspirators were hung including Mary Surrat, the first woman executed by the US government. The Doctor who fixed Booth's leg Dr. Samuel Mudd was given life in prison.
2
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Johnson's plan was very similar to Lincoln's and by the end of 1865 every southern state but Texas had governments approved by Johnson. Johnson declared Reconstruction over.
3
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Presidential Reconstruction ­ Johnson's Plan
• Pardons would be granted to those taking a loyalty oath • No pardons would be available to high Confederate officials and persons owning property valued in excess of $20,000 • Any planter to receive a pardon had to ask Johnson for it personally.
• A state needed to abolish slavery before being readmitted • A state was required to repeal its secession ordinance before being readmitted. 4
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
5
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
When the new representatives came to Washington D.C. to take their seats in Congress, the Republicans refused to let them and refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the southern states. Reconstruction had just begun.
6
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Even though Blacks were free in the south, the south had passed laws called Black Codes, which limited the freedom of the Freedmen depending on what state they were in.
7
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
South Carolina had the harshest of all the Black Codes. SC's black codes stated that all blacks had to have contracts for labor, that the Blacks would be called servants and the people they worked for would be called masters. If a Black had no contract, they would have to work one year without pay. Blacks were also prohibited from having guns, meetings, or renting property.
8
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Many republicans disagreed with what was happening in the south and believed that Blacks deserved the same rights as any Americans. Then there was another group which wanted a total overhaul of Southern politics, the Radical Republicans, led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner.
9
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
In 1866 Congress, to aid the Freedmen, passed a bill allowing the Freedmen's Bureau to create military courts to stop the violation of Black rights. Johnson Vetoed this bill and stated Congress should not pass any laws until the South was represented in Congress. 10
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Congress then passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which gave Blacks the same rights as Whites. Johnson once again used the power of veto.
11
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
This second veto started a trend which would turn Johnson into a "lame duck" president. A "lame duck" is someone with the position but none of the power. The reason that Johnson became a "lame duck" is because Congress began overriding Johnson's vetos.
12
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Knowing that the southern states would eventually be readmitted, Congress set out to make sure the Civil Rights Act of 1866 would not be repealed by passing the 14th amendment. The 14th Amendment guaranteed the same protection of life, liberty, and property to all Americans, except Native Americans, and all former confederate official were prohibited from holding office.
13
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
In the mid­term elections of 1866 Johnson travelled around the country to campaign for Democrats, but actually hurt the cause because of his reputation and outbursts. At one speech Johnson stated that Thaddeus Stevens was a traitor and needed to be hung.
Hang Thad Stevens
14
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
The Elections of 1866 began a time period known as Radical Reconstruction. During this time period Congress took total control of the requirements for southern states to gain re­ admittance to the union. 15
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
In March 1867 the Reconstruction Acts were passed, over Johnson's veto, which required southern states to be divided into five districts governed by martial law, create new state constitutions, ratify the 13th and 14th amendments, and give blacks the right to vote. Once states had followed all parts of the Reconstruction Acts then they could be readmitted to the Union.
16
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Congress still wanting to cripple the powers of the President passed a law preventing the President from removing cabinet officials without the approval of congress. This law was called the Tenure of Office Act. Johnson refused to obey the law. As he had not chosen his own cabinet, he had Lincoln's. He fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.
17
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Congress impeached (accused of crime in office) Johnson, or put him on trial for breaking a law. If congress got a 2/3 majority vote Johnson would be removed from office. Johnson was found innocent by one vote.
18
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Right Hand Side
Lincoln's 10% Plan
Johnson's Plan
Presidential
Reconstruction
10% of population
Say oath and
Same as 10%
But Rich southerners
Readmitted
Radical Recon
Ratify 13+h
Ratify 14+h
Martial law
agree to end slavery
Then State is
Congress's Plan
Had to ask personally
South Divided
for Pardon
into 5 Districts
New State Constitution
19
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
Let Hand Side
Which plan was the best and why?
20
Unit 6 Lesson 8
January 18, 2017
21