How did you classify/group your
classmates?
Why?
What problems did you run into?
What characteristics are used?
-Anatomical similarities
-Developmental similarities
-Behavioral similarities
Carl Linnaeus
The Godfather of Modern Taxonomy
Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist
-Credited with creating the first effective system for classifying
life on Earth.
-Although it has seen improvements, it is still widely used
today.
-In this class we will be using the simplest version of his
system.
Classic Linnaean
Taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Examples
Alaska King Crab
Paralithodes camtschaticus
1) Kingdom – Animalia
2) Phylum – Arhtropoda
3) Class – Malacostraca
4) Order - Decapoda
5) Family - Lithodidae
6) Genus - Paralithodes
7) Species - camtschaticus
Net Fire Coral
Millepora dichotoma
1) Kingdom – Animalia
2) Phylum - Cnidaria
3) Class - Hydrozoa
4) Order - Capitata
5) Family – Milleporidae
6) Genus - Millepora
7) Species - dichotoma
Kingdom
1) Monera (Prokaryotes) – Small, microscopic, single-celled. No
nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Obtain energy by
absorbing nutrients through cell membrane.
-Examples: methanogens (guts of mammals, deep sea vents),
eubacteria (strept throat, tetanus, etc.), mycoplasmas (pneumonia),
decomposers.
Kingdom
2) Protista (eukaryotes) – unicellular or multicellular (without
specialized tissues), cell complexity. Photosynthetic or heterotrophic.
ALGAE.
Examples – diatoms, ciliates, flagellates, algae.
Kingdom
3) Fungi – most are unicellular (they go unnoticed) but some are multicellular,
obtain their food through absorption (decomposition) of nutrients.
Kingdoms
4) Plantae – There are only about 200 species of marine plants (difficult to deal
with salinity). It is said that they derived from green algae that moved to land.
Kingdoms
5) Animalia – Heterotrophic multicellular organisms who dominate the oceans in
quantity and variety. Can be extremely simple, or extremely complex.
PHYLUM
-For the most part, this is the group that we will be studying.
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Cnidaria
Arthropoda
Chordata
Genus and Species
-These 2 combined make up the
scientific name of an organism.
-Species is the most specific you
can get in terms of classification.
Carcharodon carcharias
1) Identification requires a good understanding of the
organism’s characteristics.
2) Helps to identify relationships/ancestry between different
species.
3) It helps to avoid confusion between cultures and language
barriers.