__ FINAL 'i'EXT
EUROPEAN COUNCIL
20 April 1978
Copenhage n, 7-8 April 1978
Conclusio ns of the Presidenc y
I. The Economic and Social Situation
The European Council agreed that the Community and its
member Countries will over the coming three months develop a
common strategy designed to reverse the present unsatisfacto~J
trend in the Community 's economic a~d social situation . The
European Council was convinced that this course of action
will constitute an important contribut ion to overall inte=atio nal
action to promote wo:rld economic recove~J. It will at the same
time facilitate progress towards economic a.."l.d monetarJ union.
The common strategy will cover economic and monetary
affairs, employmen t, energy, trade, industria l affairs,
~~d
relations with the developin g world.
The European Cou-"lcil asked the Council (General Affairs)
to co-ordina te the efforts of the Council in its various
formation s, and to prepare the necessary conclusio ns of the
European Council at its session in July 1978.
1.
The Council considers it essential that the Community
w~ill have achieved an annual growth rate of 4.5% by the
middle of 1979.
With this in mind the Community will in the coming
months assess the effects of present national economic
policies and on this basis define the need for - and in
appropria te cases - the margin of manoeuvre open to member
States for co-ordina ted additiona l measures designed to
realize the necessary growth within the Community •
.../ ...
- 2-
Durin g the same period the Community will throug h common
measu res suppo rt the action of Member State s and make bette r use
of existi ng common facil ities to allev iate prese nt restra ints on
Member Coun tries' possi biliti es for action . In this conne ction
the Counc il referr ed to the so-ca lled Community Loan Facil ity. It
also invite d the Gover ning Board of the EIB to adopt at its meetin g
in June a decisi on to double the capit al of the Bank.
2.
The Europ ean Counc il discus sed the need for increa sed monet ary
stabi lity both within the Community and on a world -wide basis . In
this conte xt it recog nized the need to avoid disrup tive capit al
flows .
3.
The Europ ean Counc il expre ssed its deep conce rn over the
persi stent high rate of unemp loyme nt and agreed that an improv ement
in the employment situat ion is a key objec tive of the common overa ll
strate gy of the Community. It stress ed the impor tance of the
Comm unity's growth objec tive in this conte xt.
The Europ ean
Cou.~cil
agreed that the need for compl ement arJ
speci fic measu res to comba t unemp loymen t, partic ularly 'ivi th
respe ct to young peopl e, should be exami ned.
The Europ ean Counc il agreed with the Stand ing Comm ittee on
Employment that the best way of dealin g with unemp loyme nt is to
create new jobs throug h active econom ic, emplo~Jnent and invest ment
polic ies, but that it should be furth er examin ed wheth er worksharin g measu res could have a supple menta ry part to play in
allev iating the prese nt grave employment proble ms.
... / ...
- 3 -
4.
The Europe an Counci l was convin ced that sustain ed intern ationa l
econom ic stabil ity depend s signif icantl y on vigoro us effort s in
all indust rialize d countr ies to reduce depend ence on import ed
oil throug h energy saving s and increa sed energy produc tion.
The Europe an Counci l agreed that the high demand for
import ed oil is a critic al problem for the Community. More
compre hensive and vigoro us effort s at nation al and Community
level to reduce demand and ~ncrease supply of energy wit~~n
the Community are urgent ly needed . It recogn ized that this
presup poses large scale investm ents. Such effort s will be
given high priori ty, becaus e they will at the same time promot e
economic activi ty, create new jobs fu~d improv e the bal~~ce of
paymen ts.
5.
The Europe an Counci l agreed that sustain ed growth in world
trade is essent ial for the promoti~~ of world econom ic
recove ry. Theref ore protec tionist tenden cies must be resiste d.
A rapid and succes sful conclu sion of the Multil ateral Trade
Negoti ations Yvill increa se confide nce in the world trade system. ,
The Europe an Counci l agreed that furthe r progre ss should
be made to elimin ate obstac les to the free movement of goods
within the Community.
6.
The Europe an Counci l emphas ized the need to restor e the
compe titiven ess of indust ries in distre ss. This remain s the
basic aim of nation al and Community polici es in this field.
In this connec tion it underl ined the necess ity to set up
tripar tite framew orks on a Europe an level to overcome the
seriou s problem s of struct ural over-c apacity in severa l
indust ries and to promot e an indust rial structu re that can
mainta in itself in world-w ide compe tition.
...; ...
4
7.
The Euro pean Cou ncil poin ted out that the purs
uit of
grea ter inte rnal cohe sion impl ying also a redu ctio
n in
regi onal imba lanc es, con stitu tes one of the key
obje ctiv es
of the Community ente rpri se.
8.
The Euro pean Cou ncil reca ll the Reso lutio ns of
the
Cou ncil· of Min ister s of November 1975 and July
19 76
reco gniz ing the need for a re-e xam inat ion of the
agri cult ural
prob lems affe ctin g the tredi terra nean regi ons of
the Com muni ty.
In this spir it the Euro pean Cou ncil was
of the opin ion
that the Cou ncil (Ag ricu lture ) shou ld ende avou r
to reac h a
deci sion by the end of Apr il taki ng into acco~~t
the prop osal
from the Com miss ion.
9.
The
Europe&~
s
Cou ncil note d that an over all incr ease in
the flow of aid to the deve lopi ng coun tries will
faci lita te
thei r pos sibi litie s of play ing a grea ter part in
a gene ral
reco very of the worl d econ omy.
The Euro pean Cou ncil reaf firm ed the will of the
Community
to cont ribu te con stru ctiv ely to prog ress in the
Nort h/So uth
dialo gue in orde r to prom ote a more just a.'1d equi
tabl e worl d
econ omic orde r.
10.
The Euro pean Cou ncil aske d the Cou ncil in its vari
ous
form ation s to take the nece ssar y step s over the
comi ng thre e
mon ths towa rds the achi evem ent of the obje ctiv es
men tione d
abov e.
. .. / ...
- 5 -
II. The Econ omic and Soci al Com mitte e
The Euro pean Cou ncil agre ed on the text cont aine
d in
Annex A.
III. Rela tion s with Jana n
The Euro pean Cou ncil agre ed on the text cont aine
d in
Annex B.
IV. Dire ct Elec tion s and Dec lara tion on Dem ocrac
y
The
Euxope~~
Cou ncil agre ed on the text cont aine d in
Annex C. At the same time it adop ted a decl arat
ion on
demo cracy as cont aine d in P~~~ex D.
v.
Europe~l"l
Foun datio n
In purs u211 ce of the deci sion of :pri nciy le take
!l :~1t
the mee ting of the Euro pean Cou ncil on 5 ;:lnd
6 Dece mber 1977
the Head s of Stat e a.:."1d of GoveTil....:-rnent laid do~r,n
the scop e
and obje ctiv es of the Foun datio n and agre ed on
the fram ewor k
for its stru ctur e and fina ncin g as cont aine d in
Annex E and F.
The Euro pean Cou ncil deci ded that form al disc ussi
ons on
sett ing up the Foun datio n shou ld be cond ucte d as
soon as
poss ible .
The seat of the Foun datio n will be Pari s.
VI. Mari ne poll utio n
The Euro pean Cou ncil agre ed to the text cont aine
d in
Anne x G.
...; ....
- 6 VII. Turke y and other third coun tries
The Mini sters for Forei gn Affa irs will discu ss the
quest ion of the cred ibili ty of EEC polic y towar ds third
coun tries , espec ially in the Medi terran ean, at the infor mal
meet ing at Hess elet in May after prepa ratio n by the
Poli tical Dire ctors .
VIII. East- West relat ions after Belgr ade
The Europ ean Coun cil held an. excha nge of viev~ on
recen t devel opme nts in East- West relat ions . It noted
that deten te was inrLu enced by event s throu ghou t the
world . It stres sed the impo rtanc e of conti nuing the
mult ilate ral discu ssion s begun at Belgr ade on the
imple ment ation of the Final Act of Helsi ru{i. The Nine
coD~equently inten ded to conti nue to co-op
erate close ly
among them selve s ~~d vnth other participatL~g State s in
prepa ratio n for the next meeti ng of the CSCE to be held
in Madr id in 1980.
IX. Midd le East
The Europ ean Coun cil laid down the follo wing
guide lines for the press confe rence given by the Presi dent
of the Europ ean Coun cil follo wing the meeti ng:
...; ...
- 7-
"The Heads of State or Government revie wed the
situa tion in Leban on and the Midd le East.
They deplo red all recen t acts of viole nce in the
area, and wishe d to expre ss their deep conce rn over
the tragi c event s in South ern Leban on. They reite rated
their suppo rt for UN Secu rity Coun cil Reso lution s 425
and 426 and calle d for the speed y and comp lete imple ment ation of these resol ution s. They urged all parti es
to co-op erate fully with the UN Inter im Force for
Leban on in the execu tion of its mand ate.
They emph asized their commitment to the unity ,
sover eignt y ~~d terri toria l integ rity of Leban on.
Devel opme nts in Leban on must not be allow ed to
preju dice effor ts for a comp rehen sive nego tiated
settle ment of the Arab -Isra eli conf lict. The momentum
of the peace proce ss in the Midd le East must be main taine d.
They reite rated their posit ion that a settle ment must
be based upon Secu rity Coun cil Reso lution 242 appli ed in all
its parts and on all front s.
The Heads of State or Government confi rmed the princ iples
set out in their decla ratio n of 29 June 1977 which rema in
entir ely valid ."
It agree d that the Cairo Amba ssado r of the Member State
holdi ng the presi denc y would inform the Egyp tian Mini ster for
Forei gn Affa irs of the comments of the Presi dent of the Europ
ean
Coun cil. The Amba ssado r would subm it the text to the Egyp tian
Mini ster but point out that it was not a forma l decla ratio n
of the Nine.
...; ...
- 8 -
X. Afri ca
(a) Nam ibia
The decl arat ion cont aine d in Annex H was issu ed in
the name of the Euro pean Cou ncil on 7 Apr il 1978 ;
(b) Zimbabwe
The Nine cons ider ed the Sali sbur y inte rnal agre eme
nt
to be inad equa te. They were of the opin ion that
the
Ang lo-A meri can plan rema ined the best basi s for an
inte rnat iona lly acce ptab le settl eme nt. They cons
ider ed
that , in orde r to avoi d a dang erou s esca latio n of
the
con flic t, all side s invo lved L~ it shou ld be brou
ght
toge ther in the near futu re.
(c) Horn of Afri ca
The Heads of Stat e and of Government exch ange d view
s
on the dist urbi ng situ atio n in the Horn of Afri ca.
The
Nine gave thei r back ing to the effo rts of the OAU
to
med iate and expr esse d the hope that the sear ch for
a
nego tiate d settl eme nt would ben efit from the forth
com ing
mee ting in Lago s.
XI. Terr orism
The Euro pean Cou ncil issu ed the decl arat ion cont aine
d
in Annex I.
-·-~~-
...; ...
- 9 -
ANNEX A
The Economic and Soci al Comm ittee
"The Euro pean Coun cil decl ared the impo rtanc e it
attac hes to the acti vitie s of the Economic and Soci al
Com mitte e. It call s on all part ies conc erned in
conn ectio n with the renew al of the Comm ittee in
Septe mber 1978 to co-o pera te in incre asin g the Com mitte
e's
effec tiven ess as rega rds its role in the Com muni ty's
decis ion-m aking proc ess."
...; ...
-
10 -
ANNEX B
Rela tions with Japan
The Euro pean Coun cil hear d the repo rt from the Pres iden
t
of the Commis-sion on the prog ress made in fulf illin g
the
mand ate give n to him by the EUro pean Coun cil at its last
meet ing
in December to cont inue and inten sify his cons ultat ions
with
the Japa nese Gove rnme nt with spec ial refer ence to Japa
nese
balan ce of paym ents surp luses in the cont ext of the worl
d economy
as a whol e.
The Euro pean Coun cil agree d that the EEC- Japan join t
communique of 24 March could be rega rded only as a firs
t step
in cont inuin g cons ultat ions whic h shal l be pursu ed vigo
rous ly
with the Japa nese Government on the basi s of the guid
eline s
agree d by the Coun cil of Mini sters in Febr uary . The Euro
pean
Coun cil noted with appr oval the conc lusio ns reach ed by
the
Coun cil of Min ister s on 3 and 4 Apri l and drew atten tion
to the
need for Japa n to take appr opria te meas ures for the rapid
redu ction of its curr ent acco unt surp lus, whic h cont inue
s to
caus e conc ern.
The Euro pean Coun cil asked the Pres iden t of the Comm
ission
and the Coun cil of Mini sters to keep the ques tion unde
r revie w
and comp lete the repo rt to be cons idere d at its next meet
ing
in July .
.../ ...
-
11 -
ANNEX C
Date for dire ct elec tion s to the Euro pean Parl iame
nt
The Heads of Stat e and of Government note with sati
sfac tion
that the legi slat ive proc edur es in the member coun
tries for the
hold ing of dire ct gene ral elep tion s to the Euro pean
Parl iame nt
are now near ing com pleti on. Afte r exam :inin g date
s sui tabl e for
the elec tion they have reac hed agre emen t that the
elec tion to
the Euro pean Parl iame nt shal l be held from 7 to
10 June 1979 •
. ..; ...
- 12-
ANNEX D
Decla ration on Democ racy
The Heads of State or of Govern ment of the Member States
meeti ng within the Europ ean Counc il make the follow ing
decla ration .
The electi on of the Members of the Europ ean Parlia ment
by direc t unive rsal suffra ge is an event of outst:c mding
import~~ce for the future of the Europ ean Co~~un
ities gnd a
vivid demon stratio n of the ideals of d.emocrg_cy shared by the
peopl es within them.
The creati on of the Comn unitie s, which is the found ation
of the ever close r union 9nong the peopl es of Europ e called
~
·
~b
'
~Or
ln
u_e m
Lrea~y
OI~ R
~ome,
JJ.arked the dete::r minati on of their
found ers to streng then
yTo~ection
of ::pes.ce 9nd freedo n.
The Heads of State or of Govern rnent confir m their will,
as expre ssed in the Copen hagen Declq ration on the Europe.<>.n
ident ity, to ensure that the cheris hed value s of their legal ,
polit ical and moral order are respec ted and to safegu ard the
princ iples of repre senta tive democ racy, of the rule of law,
of sociB. l justic e and of respe ct for hum,om right s.
The applic ation of these princ iples implie s a polit ical
system of plura list democ racy which guara ntees both the free
expre ssion of opiniu ns within the const itutio nal organ izatio n
.../ ...
- 13of power s and the proced ures neces sary for the prote ction of
human right s.
The Heads of State or of Govern ment assoc iate thems elves
with the Joint Decla ration by the Europ ean Parlia ment, the
Counc il and the Comm ission where by these Instit ution s expre ssed
their determ inatio n to respe ct funda menta l rights in pursu ing
the aims of the Comm unities .
They solem nly declar e that respe ct for and mainte nance of
repre senta tive democ racy and human rights in each Member State
are essen tial eleme nts of membe rship of the Europ ean Comm unities •
.../ ...
- 14 ANNEX E
Europ ean Found ation
I. LEGAL BASE
1.
The Found ation will be set up by means of agreem ents
conclu ded by the Repre sentat ives of the Gover nment s of the
Member State s meetin g wtthin the Counc il. In order that
the Found ation may come into opera tion witho ut delay , the
Repre sentat ives will ensure that provi sions which do not
requir e action on the part of nation al parlia ments enter
into force Dlli~ediately L~ accord ance with proce dures to be
determ ined by the Repre sentat ives thems elves.
II. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES
2.
The objec tive of the Fo1md a,tion is to improv e mutua l
Q~derstanding among the people s of the Comm
unity, to promo te
a bette r under stend i"rlg of ths :Surope&"l cultu ral heri t.g,ge
its rich diver sity a.~d onene ss and to furthe r a gre.s.t er
understandL~g of Europ ean 1n\1eg raulon .
'
3.
-I-
iL'1
-j....
The activ ities of the Found ation will be compl ement ary
to those of other instit ution s or organ izatio ns active in the
same area at natio nal, bilate ral or intern ation al level , and
to Comm unity progra mmes. The Found ation will act as a cataly st
for schem es under taken, and at the same time will respe ct the
autono my of the existi ng instit ution s or organ izatio ns and
take const ant care to avoid dupli cation .
.
The Found ation' s activ ities will in princ iple be indire ct:
it will guide ~nd stimu late proje cts under taken by the other
instit ution s or organ izatio ns, if neces sary by makL~g a
finan cial contr ibutio n.
The Found ation will also be able to take the intiti ative
in starti ng new direc t proje cts in line with its objec tives;
... I . ..
- 15 -
4.
The Foun datio n will devel op the activ ities neces sary
to attai n its objec tives , as far as possi ble L~ a trans natio nal conte xt, payin g parti cular atten tion to you..11g
peop le.
To this end the Foun datio n will draw up its progra mme.
III. STRUC'T'URES
5.
In order to cax~J out its task, the Foun datio n shoul d
have maximum indep enden ce, which , shoul d be guare -'lteed
by its struc ture and its const itutu ent act.
'"As part O.L l•o.~S
~
e.dm inistr ative auton omy, it shoul d have maxirrn.L.rn
flexi bilit y, while ensurL~g the balan ced admL~istration
of the resou rces made avail able to
<
"-
l ""
6.
The struc tures of the Fou..' ldatio n shoul d be
ligh~
and
its adm; 11istr ativ9 arra.~g'3ments mode st.
7.
The ?olJ.n dation 's autho ri-tie s ·Nill "be -the Boe.rd of
the Fotm datio n and the Execu tive Com.r nittee.
They will be assis ted by a Secre tary- Gene ral.
8.
The memb ers of the Board will be chose n from among
high- level perso nalit ies on the basis of their comp etenc e
and exper ience .
They will be appoi nted from among Comm unity natio nals
in accor dance with a proce dure to be determ L'led:
... I . ..
- 16 -
(i) by the Cou ncil on a prop osal from the Com miss
ion afte r
cons ultin g the Asse mbly ,
(ii) by the Member Stat es,
(iii ) by co-o ptio n, in part icul ar from among the
head s of
inst itut ions or orga niza tion s acti ve in the same
area s.
They will be com plete ly inde pend ent in the perf
orma nce
of thei r duti es.
9.
The Boar d will be resp onsi ble for ms~nagiilg _,_.
•_,ne
Foun datio n. It will have to take the ss.in dec
is ions
?na
draw up progrct.~.lLTTies whic h will esta bl isll the
orde r of prio rity
for the FOlL.""ldation' s s.cti vi ties .
It will meet ~t lea~t twic e
s_ y e _s!" •
It will ·h.s.ve to appo int :rom 8~ong luS mem
oers its
C~airman and the exec utiv e conu
nitte 2. resp onsi ble I or see>. ng
that the progr2 J71"TT 2 is c.e.r ried out~
over the Boar d gnd the exec utiv e co~~ittee of
the Foun datio n.
.....
• -.I-
~
~
The Secr etar y-G ener al will be resp onsi ble for
dire ctin g
the Fou ndat ion's day- to-d ay acti viti es in acco
rdan ce with
the dire ctiv es issu ed by the Boar d of the Foun
datio n and
the exec utiv e com mitte e. He will be appo inted
by the Boar d •
. . . I . ..
- 17 10.
The Foun datio n's cons titue nt act will have to lay
dovm the numb er of Board and execu tive comm ittee members
and their term of offic e.
The seat of the Foun datio n will be Paris .
IV. INITIAL E.NDOVIrilENT MID ANNUAL RESOURCES
11.
An adequ ate initi al endowment will be provi ded to
the Foun datio n from the Community .budg et so as to perm it
the Foun datio n to pursu e its activ ities in confo rmity
with the objec tives set out in the cons titue nt act over
a reaso nable perio d of years . Addi tiona l endo~ments may
be envis aged at a later stage .
The FoQ~dation could also recei ve volunta~J
contr ibuti ons of publi c and priva te origi n.
12.
In order to encou rage priva te contr ibuti ons, a
claus e in the cons titue nt act could provi de that each
iiiember State 7.-i.ll grant priva te contr ibuti ons to the
Foun datio n treatm ent as regar ds natio nal taxes vrhich
is at least as favou rable as that affor ded comp arable
organ izatio ns and found ation s.
13.
VVhatever the natur e of the cons titue nt act, the
Foun datio n's finan cial manag ement must be subje ct to
an audi t.
.../ ...
- 18 ANNEX. F
DECLARATION
Without prejudic e to its·inde pendenc e, the Europea n
Foundat ion will collabo rate as is appropr iate with the
Europea n Cultura l Foundat ion in Amsterdam and other
similar institut ions whose activiti es are paralle l or
converg ing with its objectiv es. Appropr iate collabo ration
will also be establis hed between the Europea n Foundat ion
and the Council of Europe.
... / ...
- 19 ANNEX G
marine Pollu tion
After hearin g a statem ent by the Presid ent of the French
Repub lic conce rning the runnin g agroun d of an oil tanke r on
the French coast, and bearin g in mind the measu res alread y
taken and the propo sals alread y put forwa rd by the Comm ission
and by some Member States conce rning the fight again st pullu tion
and the impos ition of minimum standa rds on ships ,
1.
Consi ders that the Community should make the preve ntion
and comba ting of marin e pollu tion, partic ularly from
hydro carbon s, a major objec tive,
2.
Conse quentl y invite s the Counc il, acting on propo sals
from the Comm ission, and the Member States forthw ith to
take appro priate measu res within the Community and to adopt
common attitu des in the compe tent intern ation al bodies
conce rning in partic ular:
(a) the swift imple menta tion of existi ng intern ation al rules,
in partic ular those regard ing minimum st~~dards for the
opera tion of ships;
(b) the preve ntion of accide nts throug h co-ord inated action
by the Member States
with regard to a satisf actor y functi oning of the system
of compu lsory shipp ing lanes ,
and with regard to more effec tive contr ol over vesse ls
which do not meet the stand ards;
(c) the search for and imple menta tion of effec tive measu res
to comba t pollu tion.
.../ ...
- 20 -
ANNEX H
Nam ibia
The Euro pean Cou ncil has take n note of the prop osal
for a settl eme nt in Nam ibia prep ared by the Five
Pow ers.
The Cou ncil supp orts the acti on of the Five and
cons ider s
the prop osal to be a fair and reas onab le. sett lem
ent. It
hope s that all the part ies invo lved will feel able
to acce pt
this impo rtan t oppo rtun ity for a nego tiate d peac
eful solu tion
in acco rdan ce with Secu rity Cou ncil Reso lutio n 385.
...; ...
21
ANNEX I
Terro rism
The Europ ean Coun cil decla red its deep distr ess at
the kidna pping of Aldo Moro and the murd er of his esco rt.
The Coun cil wishe d in this conn ectio n to expre ss its comp lete
solid arity with the Italia n·peo ple and Gove rnmen t.
The Coun cil expre ssed its great conce rn at the conti nuall y
incre asing numb er of acts of this kind and at the exten sion
of terro rism in gene ral which , if not effec tivel y comb atted,
will strik e at the funct ionin g and the very princ iples of
demo cracy . The Coun cil stres sed that the nine Member State s
were firml y resol ved to do every thing to prote ct the right s
of indiv idual s and the foth~dations of demo cratic insti tutio ns.
The Europ ean Coun cil agree d that high prior ity must be
given to effor ts to inten sify co-op eratio n among the Nine to
defen d our socie ties again st terro rist viole nce.
It was agree d that the relev ant Mini sters will incre ase
their mutua l co-op eratio n and will as soon as possi ble subm it
their concl usion s on the propo sals befor e them for a Europ ean
judic ial area.