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Chapter 23: Fungi
Fungus Diversity
You should be able to:
•Identify what fungi are.
•Describe habitats of fungi.
•Outline the structure of fungi.
•Describe fungi reproduction.
•Summarize the evolution of fungi.
•Give an overview of fungi classification.
What is a Fungus?
Not a plant!!!
– Heterotroph - No chlorophyll
therefore a
– Saprobe – feeds on dead or
decaying matter
Eat by absorbing nutrients
(decomposer)
– extracellular digestion, - Use
hyphae for digestion that
takes place outside of the
body.
– Enzymes that break down
nutrients then it is absorbed.
(plants do not absorb nutrients)
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Nutrition (Gets its food: )
Symbiosis
- Two organisms live in association together
– Types of Symbiosis
• Mutualism
• Parasitism
• commensalism
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Parasitic Fungus
- Parasite - live off of living organism
Ex. athletes foot
- extracellular digestion
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What it looks like under skin.
Ringworm
Mutualistic Fungus
Lichens and Mycorrizae
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Lichens
- mutualism between a fungus and an algae
- fungus- moisture, algae- food
- Pioneer- one of first organisms to move
into an area
environmentally sensitive
Mutualism: Lichen
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Mycorrhizae
- mutual relationship between plant roots
and fungi (90%)
- increase absorption ability of roots
fungus benefit - nutrients and water
Structure of Fungus
• Cell wall made
out of Chitin
Hyphae- reproductive
filaments
Mycelium- visible
mass of hyphae
• Ex. Mushroom
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-
-
Hyphae and a mycelium
Reproduction of Fungus
Asexual
– Fragmentation ,budding,
– Produce spores
Spores
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- Sporangium
- structure producing spores
- sexual reproduction
- 3 types
- basis of classification
Adaptations
- spores- resistant
- spores carried everywhere
- huge numbers- puffball= trillion spores
- warm, moist conditions
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Zygote Fungus
Phylum – Zygomygota
Example: Bread Mold
Spores are made by both
asexual and sexual repro.
Sexual Reproductive
structure:
– Sporangium
Distinct structures of:
– Rhizoids – hyphae that anchor
the fungus
– Stolon – mycelia that grow
along the surface
Note Rhizoids and Stolons:
You are looking at sporangia – contains spores
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Sac Fungi - Ascomycota
- colorful molds, dutch elm disease, apple
scab, morels, truffles, yeast, and cup
fungi
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- Ascus – reproductive structure in
sac fungus
- spore producing sac
- sexual reproduction
Club Fungi- Basidiomycota
- mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, rusts and
smuts, toadstools
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- Basidia
- spore producing structures
- gills, cap, stipe
- only sexual reproduction
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Imperfect Fungi
Asexual reproduction
only
Examples:Penicillium
– Aspergillus – used to
make soy sauce and
citric acid
– Thrush – fungal infection
of mouth
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Importance of Fungi
1. Decomposers
- recycle dead materials along with
bacteria
2. Penicillin – antibiotic
3. rich in vitamin C
4. Food source5. Pest control – create competition, parasite to
insects that eat crops
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