The Early Republic (1788-1808)
Also called “the Critical Period” by historians…WHY??
Most of Chapter 7 and the backdrop for:
Debate Over the Ratification of the
Constitution (1787-1789) Leads
Temporary Factions to Evolve into
Permanent Political Parties
Federalists
Anti - Federalists
• Nationalists
• Urban
• Business & Social Elite
• Pro British
• Mainly Northern
• States Rightists
• Rural/Agricultural interests
• Favor interests of “common man”
• Pro French
• Mainly Southern & Western
The interpretation of the Necessary & Proper clause (aka the “elastic” clause) of
the Constitution at the center of the division between the early political parties
who were lead by Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson
Hamiltonians (Federalists)
Nationalists
“Loose Constructionists”
Jeffersonians (Democratic-Republicans)
States Rights
“Strict Construction”
Chapter 7 HW - Group #1: What was Hamilton’s vision for the
new United States? What policies did he implement to achieve it?
How was Jefferson’s vision different?
Mention: Hamilton, Jefferson & Washington, National Credit, Assumption of State
Debts, Bank of the United States, Taxes & Tariffs, Democratic Republicans
Directions: Carefully read pp. 204-207. Include references to the terms listed
above in your answer. Answer in your own voice.
Cabinet Battle #1 (Jefferson vs Hamilton's financial plan)
If you were assigned Group 1 HW, you should explain the song to rest of your small group
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bb1XJCZtdt8
Hamilton’s “Financial Plans”
• Assumption of States Debts
– Binds states financial interests
• Funding of government notes (IOU’s) “at Par”
– Investors like this, debtors do not
• Establish Income
– Tariff, land sales, excise tax
• Regulate Currency & Banking
– Bank of the United States – “BUS”
Results of Hamilton’s Plans
• Further polarize Federalist & DemocraticRepublicans and contributes to permanent new
political parties
• Improved U.S. credit abroad
• BUS charter approved for 20 years
• Modest tariff approved (not yet “protective”)
• Capital moved south to “District of Columbia”
• Whiskey Rebellion put down by federal force
Chapter 7 HW - Group #2: How did the French Revolution divide
many Americans and impact politics in the new United States?
Mention: Proclamation of Neutrality, Whisky Rebellion, Jay’s Treaty, XYZ Affair,
Political Parties, Alien & Sedition Acts, Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Directions: Carefully read pp. 208-212. Include references to the terms listed
above in your answer. Answer in your own voice.
Cabinet Battle #2 (Hamilton vs Jefferson on French Aid)
If you were assigned Group 2 HW, you should explain the song to rest of your small group
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRI37yamL4Q
Chapter 7 HW - Group #3: What significant actions did Thomas Jefferson
take as president that demonstrated his “republican” beliefs? Why were many of
these action controversial?
Mention: Barbary Pirates, Marbury v. Madison, Bank of the United States,
Louisiana Purchase, Strict Interpretations of the Constitution, Lewis & Clark
Directions: Carefully read pp. 217-221. Include references to the terms listed
above in your answer. Answer in your own voice.
TJ after the Election of 1800
If you were assigned Group 3 HW, you should explain the song to rest of your small group
The Election of 1800
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnHVFAm0TTk
•
Hamilton ends up throwing support to Jefferson in Election of 1800 to stop “opportunist”
Aaron Burr (who later kills Hamilton in a duel)…Jefferson tries to unite the nation saying
in his inauguration, “We are all Federalists, We are all Republicans”
•
“Common Man” Precedents (ex: State of the Union, Dress & Manners)
•
TJ follows inauguration pledge and keeps most Hamiltonian plans (bond payment, BUS &
tariff) = economy improves & national debt is reduced.
•
Controversy surrounding “Midnight Judges” - Marbury (selected by Adams) was not
granted position by TJ’s Sect. of State Madison
•
Federalist Chief Justice John Marshall then strengthens the Supreme Court by declaring
parts of the Judiciary Act unconstitutional on a technicality with famous Marbury v.
Madison (1803) establishes power of -- Judicial Review
•
Barbary Pirates Crisis (1801): Jefferson’s philosophy conflicts with pragmatic reality TJ responds with “Mosquito Fleet” and later agrees to pay less “tribute” to pirates
•
Louisiana Purchase (1803): Political philosophy & pragmatism clash
Where US Politics
Came From: Crash
Course US History #9
http://www.youtube.com/watch?ann
otation_id=annotation_75422&feat
ure=iv&src_vid=bO7FQsCcbD8&v
=r161cLYzuDI
Thomas Jefferson &
His Democracy:
Crash Course US
History #10
https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=_3Ox6vGteek&list=PL8d
PuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593e
G7ObzO7s&index=10