Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters
Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters
By Alden Wicker
Have you been to the amusement park lately? If you have, you might have taken a ride
on the bumper cars. They are the small cars in a pavilion, with rubber bumpers around them.
You can drive them around, and crash into other cars, including the cars that your friends and
family are driving. It’s fun because you don’t usually get to smash into things on purpose! And
you certainly couldn’t smash your parents’ car into someone else’s—that would be dangerous.
But here, it’s OK.
Sometimes, if you plan it out with another friend in another car, you can trap someone
in a corner by parking two cars on either side of them. They’ll get mad at first, but once you let
them out they’ll probably think it’s really funny. That’s what bumper cars are all about!
Have you ever thought about how bumper cars work? They don’t have big rubber
wheels, like regular cars do. You don’t fill them up with gas to make them go. They actually get
their energy from electricity. Sticking up out of the back are poles. These poles are connected
to the ceiling. Electricity comes through the poles and down to the bumper cars, so that when
you step on the “gas” pedal, the car moves forward.
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Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters
Usually, energy is generated inside of a car using an engine, which is operated using gas.
The gas makes the pistons inside the engine move up and down. The movement of the pistons
generates electricity, which goes into the battery. From there, the electricity goes to the
wheels to make them move. The energy from the battery also goes up to the dashboard to
make the radio and lights work, and charge your mobile phone. Anything that uses electricity
in the car relies on the engine to generate that electricity.
But in bumper cars, the energy has been generated in an energy plant far away. Then it
travels to the amusement park, to the bumper car pavilion, and down into your car. That’s a
long way for it to travel!
But even though your bumper car doesn’t have an engine to make a lot of noise, it’s still
pretty noisy in there! Every time you smash your bumper car into your friend’s or cousin’s car,
you transfer some of the energy from your bumper car to theirs. You can tell, because their car
will move backwards or sideways when you hit it. Also, both cars go “bam!” That loud noise is
energy being transferred to the air around the cars. Electricity is also used to power the
flashing lights at the rides, and create the music coming out of the speakers.
When you’re at the amusement park, you’ll probably ride a rollercoaster or two—if
you’re not too scared! Roller coasters are so exciting because they move really, really fast up
and down and around in loops. They may seem really different from bumper cars—they move
faster and higher, they are scarier, and you have to be a certain height to ride them—but they
have some similarities to bumper cars.
For example, roller coasters are moved forward using electricity, too. Electricity cranks
the mechanism under the tracks that slowly pulls the cars to the top of the first hill. Then,
when the cars shoot forward down the hill and everyone is screaming, electricity is still
propelling them forward. It takes a lot of electricity to make a roller coaster go so fast. It’s
really heavy, especially with so many people riding it!
Roller coasters generate energy in other ways too. Like with bumper cars, roller coasters
make a lot of noise. You can hear them going click-click-click-click as they go up a hill, and then
they roar as they fly around corners and through loop-di-loops. That’s energy being
transferred to the air as the wheels fly over the tracks. And if you could touch the tracks with
your hand (you can’t because it’s dangerous) you would feel that they are very warm. That’s
because sometimes energy from things moving really fast creates not just sound and
movement, but heat, too.
© 2013 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters
Earlier, we talked about how most cars usually use gas to make energy. But more and
more cars are being made that work kind of like bumper cars and roller coasters! Instead of
using gas, they use electricity that is created at an energy plant far away. When the car is
parked, you plug it in. That charges up the car, and then when it’s ready, you can unplug the
car and drive it for a while until it runs out of energy.
These cars look like regular cars, inside and outside. But because they don’t have a noisy
engine right inside the front creating electricity, they are much quieter.
Just don’t get them confused with bumper cars and roller coasters. It’s probably not a
good idea to run into another car like bumper cars do, or go flying up and down hills really
fast, like roller coasters do!
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Questions: Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters
Name:
Date:
1. According to the passage, what makes bumper cars and roller coasters move?
A
B
C
D
energy
energy
energy
energy
from
from
from
from
electricity
gasoline
solar panels
nuclear plants
2. The noise of a roller coaster is an effect. What is the cause of this noise?
A energy being generated by the electricity that cranks the mechanism under the
tracks
B energy being transferred to the roller coaster wheels from the air nearby
C energy being transferred to the air as the roller coaster wheels fly over the tracks
D sound effects created by a speaker system at the amusement park
3. Read the following sentence from the passage: “Every time you smash your bumper
car into your friend’s or cousin’s car, you transfer some of the energy from your bumper
car to theirs. You can tell, because their car will move backwards or sideways when you
hit it.”
Based on this information, what can be concluded about what happens when energy is
transferred?
A
B
C
D
More energy is created when energy is transferred.
Electricity is generated when energy is transferred.
There is an observable effect when energy is transferred.
There is no observable effect when energy is transferred.
4. Based on the passage, what can be concluded about how electricity powers other
objects?
A Electricity must be generated in the same location as the objects that will use
the electricity’s energy.
B Electricity can travel long distances before its energy is used to power different
objects.
C Electricity can only power other objects if it is generated through the movement
of pistons.
D Electricity can only power other objects if it is generated in an energy plant.
1
®
© 2013 ReadWorks , Inc. All rights reserved.
Questions: Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters
5. What is the article “Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters” mostly about?
A
B
C
D
the history of the roller coaster
the differences between bumper cars and roller coasters
how bumper cars and roller coasters work using electricity
how the engine of a car works
6. Read the following sentences: “The gas makes the pistons inside the engine move up
and down. The movement of the pistons generates electricity, which goes into the battery.
From there, the electricity goes to the wheels to make them move. The energy from the
battery also goes up to the dashboard to make the radio and lights work, and charge your
mobile phone. Anything that uses electricity in the car relies on the engine to generate
that electricity.”
As used in the passage, the word “generate” is similar to which word?
A
B
C
D
to
to
to
to
lower
waste
prevent
make
7. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence below.
__________ energy can travel to the amusement park, to the bumper car pavilion, and
down into your car, it is created in an energy plant far away.
A
B
C
D
After
Before
Because
Although
8. What happens to some of the energy in a bumper car when it smashes into another
bumper car?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2
®
© 2013 ReadWorks , Inc. All rights reserved.
Questions: Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters
9. How does electricity move roller coaster cars?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
10. The author compares bumper cars with roller coasters. How are bumper car and
roller coasters the same? Use information from the passage to support your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3
®
© 2013 ReadWorks , Inc. All rights reserved.
Teacher Guide & Answers: Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters
Teacher Guide & Answers
Passage Reading Level: Lexile 970
1. According to the passage, what makes bumper cars and roller coasters move?
A
B
C
D
energy from electricity
energy from gasoline
energy from solar panels
energy from nuclear plants
2. The noise of a roller coaster is an effect. What is the cause of this noise?
A energy being generated by the electricity that cranks the mechanism under the tracks
B energy being transferred to the roller coaster wheels from the air nearby
C energy being transferred to the air as the roller coaster wheels fly over the tracks
D sound effects created by a speaker system at the amusement park
3. Read the following sentence from the passage: “Every time you smash your bumper car into your
friend’s or cousin’s car, you transfer some of the energy from your bumper car to theirs. You can tell,
because their car will move backwards or sideways when you hit it.”
Based on this information, what can be concluded about what happens when energy is transferred?
A
B
C
D
More energy is created when energy is transferred.
Electricity is generated when energy is transferred.
There is an observable effect when energy is transferred.
There is no observable effect when energy is transferred.
4. Based on the passage, what can be concluded about how electricity powers other objects?
A
Electricity must be generated in the same location as the objects that will use the electricity’s
energy.
B Electricity can travel long distances before its energy is used to power different
objects.
C Electricity can only power other objects if it is generated through the movement of pistons.
D Electricity can only power other objects if it is generated in an energy plant.
5. What is the article “Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters” mostly about?
A
B
C
D
the history of the roller coaster
the differences between bumper cars and roller coasters
how bumper cars and roller coasters work using electricity
how the engine of a car works
1
© 2013 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved.
Teacher Guide & Answers: Bumper Cars and Roller Coasters
6. Read the following sentences: “The gas makes the pistons inside the engine move up and down. The
movement of the pistons generates electricity, which goes into the battery. From there, the electricity
goes to the wheels to make them move. The energy from the battery also goes up to the dashboard to
make the radio and lights work, and charge your mobile phone. Anything that uses electricity in the car
relies on the engine to generate that electricity.”
As used in the passage, the word “generate” is similar to which word?
A
B
C
D
to lower
to waste
to prevent
to make
7. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence below.
__________ energy can travel to the amusement park, to the bumper car pavilion, and down into your
car, it is created in an energy plant far away.
A
B
C
D
After
Before
Because
Although
8. What happens to some of the energy in a bumper car when it smashes into another bumper car?
Suggested answer: Some of the energy in the bumper car transfers to the other bumper car it smashes
into.
9. How does electricity move roller coaster cars?
Suggested answer: Electricity cranks the mechanism under the tracks that slowly pulls the cars to the
top of a hill. Electricity continues to propel the cars forward as they make their way down the hill.
10. The author compares bumper cars with roller coasters. How are bumper car and roller coasters the
same? Use information from the passage to support your answer.
Suggested answer: Students should explain that both bumper cars and roller coasters require energy
from electricity to move. Advanced answers may also explain that the energy in both bumper cars and
roller coasters is transferred. Bumper cars transfer energy to other bumper cars when they smash into
them and roller coasters transfer energy in the form of sound as the wheels fly over the tracks.
2
© 2013 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved.