This is the peer reviewed version of the following article:
Schmid M, Jensen TH (2014). SnapShot: nuclear RNAPII transcript modification.
Cell. 157:1244, which has been published in final form by Cell Press.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.003
Nuclear RNA polymerase II Transcript Modifying Enzymes
lnc RNAs
miRNA
mRNA (some intron-containing lncRNA)
eRNA
eRNA
nucleus
?CPSF73
?CPSF73
CPSF73
PAP
DGCR8
DROSHA
PROMPT
CPSF73
CPSF73
cleavage
nuc. exosome
sn(o)RNA
intron
sn(o)RNA gene
read-through
DGCR8
DROSHA
histone gene
read-through
A
AAAAAA
nuclear decay
DXO; XRN2
nuc. exosome
mirtron
gene 3’ end
gene 3’ end
mRNA
?XRN2
? nuc. exosome
?endonucleases
histone mRNA
intronic
snoRNA
tailed
mirtron
nuclear retention
AAAAAA
CPSF73L
I
CPSF73
?
post-transcriptional
splicing
XRN2
? nuc. exosome ?
endonucleases
ERI1
to nucleolus
TGS1
3’ trimming
PAPD5
XRN2
PAP
polyadenylation
DBR1
AAAAAA
ADAR
splicing
RNGTT
RNMT
capping
snoRNA
A
RNA editing
cap trimethylation
in Cajal bodies
snRNA
TO CYTOPLASM
2’O-methylation &
pseudouridylation
in Cajal bodies
captrimethylation
in cytoplasm
APOBEC
PAPD5
TO CYTOPLASM
ADAR
A
I
C
U
AAA
RNA methylation
METTL3
METTL14
PARN
FBL of C/D box scaRNPs (2’O-me)
DKC1 of H/ACA scaRNPs (pseudoU)
TO CYTOPLASM
see miRNA
A
RNA demethylation
FTO;
m6A ALKBH5
see snRNA, snoRNA
TO CYTOPLASM
m7G cap
pppN.....
ppN.....
GTP
PPi
G5’pppN.....
AG exon2
exon1 GU // AG exon2
m32,2,7G5’ppp.....
U1
exon1 GU
A
U1
U2AF
AG exon2
SAH
U1
exon1 GU
SAH
m7G5’pppm6N1m6N2.....
A
U
G
A
U2AF
AG exon2
exon1 exon2
AG
U5
U1
SAH
SAM
U2
U5
U6 U4
U4
U2AF
U6
U6 snRNA
U6 snRNA
exon1 GU
AG exon2
U5
U2
U6
exon1 AU // AC exon2
U2
U11
U12
U4
U4atac
U5
U5
U6
U6atac
circle by splicing
A
cleavage/polyadenylation
AG ....circle.... GU
CPSF
CFIm
UGUA
U
G
A
U6
AG exon2
exon1
U5
CstF
CS
G/U-rich
AAUAAA
histone 3’ processing
CPSF100
CPSF73
SLBP
integrator processing
Integrator
3’box
CPSF73L
AG
CFIm
UGUA
circle
AAUAAA
PAPα ATP
PAPγ
TUT1
CPSF
CFIm
UGUA
AAUAAA
CPSF73
CPSF73
SLBP
CS
ERI1
CPSF73
PAP
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
RNaseP
Py
lncRNA
ERI1
NNN
PPi
UUU UUU AAA
3’box
G/U-rich
CPSF
RNase P
CPSF73L
NNNPy
CPSF73
U
G
A
CPSF73 Symplekin
U7
AG ....circle....
U2
SAM
m7G5’pppm6N1.....
CMTR2
A
SAH
SAM
m7G5’pppN.....
CMTR1
exon1 GU
SAM
TGS1
spliceosome
major
minor
major spliceosome
m7G5’ppp....
3’ end processing
A
RNMT
TMG cap
U2
bifunctional
capping
enzyme
RNGTT
Pi
splicing
A
pre-mRNA
Processing
5’ capping
SLBP
?
AAA
UUU
UUU
RNaseZ
CCA-adding
enzyme
TRNT1
N
N N
CCA
mascRNA