19.5 Diversity of Fungi
KEY CONCEPT
Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb their food.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Fungi are adapted to absorb their food from the
environment.
• Plants and fungi have different traits:
– Fungal cell walls are made of chitin.
– Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
– Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize.
– Fungi absorb food through hyphae.
• Plants and fungi have similar traits:
• Both are nonmoving.
• Grow underground and aboveground.
• May produce spores.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Fungi are multicellular organisms, with the exception of
yeasts.
– hyphae
– mycellium
– fruiting body
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Fungi come in many shapes and sizes.
• Primitive fungi are aquatic and have flagellated spores.
• Sac fungi form a sac that contains spores for reproduction
(called ascus, plural= asci).
– Yeasts are single-celled sac fungi.
– Morels and truffles are multicellular sac fungi.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Bread molds are often found on spoiled food.
–Also includes fungi used to ferment certain foods.
–mycorrhizae belong to this group
–form zygospores during reproduction
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Club fungi have fruiting bodies which are club-shaped.
–include mushrooms,
puffballs, and
shelf fungi
– reproductive structures
called basidia
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually.
• Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually.
– Yeasts reproduce asexually through budding.
– Yeasts form asci during sexual reproduction.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– distinctive reproductive
structures
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• All fungi form spores and zygotes.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– life cycles may include either sexual or asexual
reproduction or both
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Club Fungi
Spores
will land
19.5 Diversity
of Fungi
Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground….Fungus #2 mycelium
grows underground
Two fungi grow together and fuse
Diploid fruiting body grows from the mass
Haploid spores created & released from the underside of the
fruiting body
. . .. .
ground
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Spores will land
New hyphae will grow into a new mycelium
Cycle repeats
ground
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Lichens
•
•
•
•
Fungus + blue-green bacteria or green algae
Mycelium of fungi surrounds the green organism
Grow on rocks, soil, trees
Mutualistic relationship
– Algae/bacteria: provides food
– Fungus: benefits unclear (warmth, substrate to grow in)
• Food source & help create soil