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Skills Worksheet
Chapter Review
USING KEY TERMS
The statements below are false. For each statement, replace the underlined term to
make a true statement.
1. A liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds is called natural gas.
2. Energy that is released when a chemical compound reacts to produce a new
compound is called nuclear energy.
For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
3. solar energy and wind power
4. biomass and gasohol
UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS
Multiple Choice
______ 5. Which of the following resources is a renewable resource?
a. coal
b. trees
c. oil
d. natural gas
______ 6. Which of the following fuels is NOT made from petroleum?
a. jet fuel
b. lignite
c. kerosene
d. fuel oil
______ 7. Peat, lignite, and anthracite are all forms of
a. petroleum.
b. natural gas.
c. coal.
d. gasohol.
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Chapter Review continued
______ 8. Which of the following factors contributes to smog?
a. automobiles
b. sunlight
c. mountains surrounding urban areas
d. All of the above
______ 9. Which of the following resources is produced by fission?
a. solar energy
c. nuclear energy
b. natural gas
d. petroleum
______10. To produce energy, nuclear power plants use a process called
a. fission.
c. fractionation.
b. fusion.
d. None of the above
______11. A solar-powered calculator uses
a. solar collectors.
b. solar panels.
c. solar mirrors.
d. solar cells.
Short Answer
12. How does acid precipitation form?
13. If sunlight is free, why is electrical energy from solar cells expensive?
14. Describe three ways that humans use natural resources.
15. Explain how fossil fuels are found and obtained.
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Chapter Review continued
CRITICAL THINKING
16. Concept Mapping Use the following terms to create a concept map:
fossil fuels, wind energy, energy resources, biomass, renewable resources,
nonrenewable resources, solar energy, natural gas, gasohol, coal, and oil.
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Chapter Review continued
17. Predicting Consequences How would your life be different if fossil fuels
were less widely available?
18. Evaluating Assumptions Are fossil fuels nonrenewable? Explain.
19. Evaluating Assumptions Why do we need to conserve renewable resources
even though they can be replaced?
20. Evaluating Data What might limit the productivity of a geothermal power plant?
21. Identifying Relationships Explain why the energy we get from many of our
resources ultimately comes from the sun.
22. Applying Concepts Describe the different ways you can conserve natural
resources at home.
23. Identifying Relationships Explain why coal usually forms in different
locations from where petroleum and natural gas form.
24. Applying Concepts Choose an alternative energy resource that you think
should be developed more. Explain the reason for your choice.
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Chapter Review continued
INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow.
280
270
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190
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90
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20
10
0
1960
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10
0
1970
1980
1990
Population (in millions)
Energy Consumption and Population
Growth in the United States
Energy Consumption
(in quadrillions of British thermal units)
Back
1998
Year
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
25. How many British thermal units were consumed in 1970?
26. In what year was the most energy consumed?
27. Why do you think that energy consumption has not increased at the same rate
as the population has increased?
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TEACHER
SECTION: FOSSIL FUELS
1. Answers will vary. Sample answers: An
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
energy resource is a resource that
humans use to produce energy. Fossil
fuels are formed from the remains of
organisms that lived long ago.
Petroleum is a liquid mixture of
complex hydrocarbon compounds.
Natural gas is a mixture of gaseous
hydrocarbons. Coal is formed from
partially decomposed plant material.
The combination of sulfur dioxide and
water vapor produces acid
precipitation. Smog is a petrochemical
base that forms when sunlight acts on
industrial pollutants and burning fuels.
B
Coal is a solid fossil fuel, petroleum is
a liquid fossil fuel, and natural gas is a
gaseous fossil fuel.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Petroleum and natural gas both form
when microscopic sea organisms die,
settle to the ocean floor, and decay.
Their remains are buried, and after
millions of years of pressure and heat
they become natural gas and
petroleum.
We obtain petroleum and natural gas
by drilling wells into rock formations
that contain these resources.
Answers will vary. Students may mention oil spills, loss of soil from strip
mining coal, acid rain, the production
of smog due to burning fossil fuels,
and increasing atmospheric CO2.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Petroleum and natural gas form under
water from the decayed remains of sea
microorganisms. Coal forms on land
from partially decayed plant matter.
Answers will vary. Accept any
well-supported answer.
the Middle East
$500,000,000,000 .06 =
$30,000,000,000
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
wind power. Electrical energy
produced by falling water is
hydroelectric energy. Biomass is
organic matter that can be used as a
source of energy. Gasohol is a
combination of alcohol and gasoline.
Geothermal energy is produced by
heat within Earth to produce hot
water or steam.
A
Solar energy can be used to produce
electricity or for heating.
Hydroelectric energy production is
practical in areas where there are
large rivers.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Burning biomass and converting plant
material to alcohol that can be burned
are two ways to release biomass
energy.
Steam and water heated by
geothermal energy can be used to
generate electrical energy. Water
heated by geothermal energy can also
be used as a direct heat source.
Answers will vary. Answers should
include that nuclear power plants
require large volumes of water to
prevent overheating and to generate
steam. There is little water in the desert.
Answers will vary. Accept any
well-supported answer.
16% 38% 54%
Answers will vary. Accept any wellsupported answer.
Chapter Review
1. petroleum
2. chemical energy
3. Answers will vary. Sample answer:
4.
SECTION: ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES
1. Answers will vary. Sample answer: The
5.
6.
7.
8.
energy released by fission or fusion is
nuclear energy. Solar energy is
produced by the sun. Using a windmill
to drive an electric generator is called
Solar energy is energy from the sun.
Wind power is the use of a windmill to
drive and electric generator.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Biomass is organic matter that
contains stored energy. Gasohol is a
fuel made from plant biomass and
petroleum.
B
B
C
D
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TEACHER
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22. Answers will vary. Sample answer:
A
A
D
Air pollutants mix with moisture in the
air, producing acids. These acids fall
with rain or snow as acid precipitation.
Solar cells are relatively expensive to
make.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Humans use natural resources to
produce electrical energy, heat, food,
and products.
Some fossil fuels are found on land,
others are under the ocean. The type
and location of fuel determine the
method used to remove the fuel.
Petroleum and natural gas are
removed by drilling wells into the rock
that contain these resources. Coal is
obtained either by mining deep into
Earth, or by surface mining.
An answer to this exercise can be
found at the end of the Teacher
Edition.
Answers will vary. Accept all reasonable answers.
Answers will vary. Sample answer: We
label certain resources as nonrenewable because it takes a long time for
them to be replenished. Fossil fuels
are renewable in the sense that they
will be renewed in the future. But they
form at a rate that is much slower than
the rate they are being used.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
It is important to conserve renewable
natural resources so that we don’t use
them up faster than they can be
replenished.
Answers will vary. Students may discuss the amount of geothermal energy
available. Geothermal energy can be
exhausted in a particular location.
Answers will vary. Sample answer: The
sun provides energy for photosynthesis. Photosynthetic organisms use this
energy to build their tissues. The tissues of dead plants and sea organisms
form fossil fuels.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Reduce the use of electricity and
water. Reuse products whenever
possible. Recycle things which cannot
be reused.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Coal forms mainly from partly
decayed plant matter. Petroleum and
natural gas form from sea organisms.
Therefore, they are generally found in
different locations.
Answers will vary. Accept any wellsupported answer.
approximately 70 quadrillion BTU
1998
Answers will vary. Students may state
that a population increase would create a greater demand for resources.
Reinforcement
WHAT ARE MY RESOURCES?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
R
N
R
R
N
IF IT’S A FOSSIL, HOW IS IT A FUEL?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
solid
decayed swamp plants
bituminous coal
anthracite
liquid
decayed sea life
petroleum
kerosene
gas
decayed sea life
natural gas
butane
Critical Thinking
1. Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Near-pure sources of carbon, such as
coal, could be used.
2. Answers will vary. Sample answer:
STAR*FUEL is a nonrenewable energy
resource because it is made using pure
carbon, such as coal, which cannot be
replaced at the same rate at which it is
used.
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