• Includes:
– Mosses (most common)
Mosses (most common)
– Liverworts
– Hornworts
• Defining characteristics:
– No seeds
N
d
– No vascular system
– Grows low to ground (absorbs nutrients)
– Relies on water to li
reproduce
• Includes:
frond
fiddlehead
– FERNS
– Club mosses (not true mosses…older of the seedless vascular)
• Defining characteristics:
– No seeds
– HAS VASCULAR SYSTEM (this allows for plants to grow higher off the ground)
– Needs water to reproduce
N d
d
• Includes:
– Gymnosperms = Cone B i
Bearing
– Angiosperms= Flowering
• Defining characteristics:
Defining characteristics:
– CAN reproduce without water (via pollination)
( p
)
• Pollination = When pollen (sperm) meets female plant p
parts.
– Has seeds
• Seeds nourish and protect plant embryo
plant embryo
• Seeds allow for dispersal to new places
• Includes:
Conifers (most common)
– Conifers (most common)
– Ex: Pine tree
Male
– Cycads
– Ginkos
Female
• Defining characteristics:
Defining characteristics:
– Cone is reproductive structure for most
– Pollen produced by male cones
– Eggs produced by female cones
– Seeds develop on scales Seeds develop on scales
of female cones
When eggs become fertilized, they develop into seeds and the ovary develops into fruit
the ovary develops into fruit
AKA Fl
i
l t
• AKA: Flowering plants
– Flowers are the reproductive structures
d ti
t t
– Fruit is the mature ovary of a flower
of a flower
Tomato flowers
• (Yes, anything with seeds is considered a fruit and came from a flower… tomatos, avocados, cucumbers apples, oranges, cucumbers, apples oranges
pumpkins, etc.) If you cut open a fruit you can see the
If you cut open a fruit, you can see the seeds (which were once the eggs of the flower and can become a new plant)