b
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of
Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1
Geographic Township of Pickering, Ontario County,
Town of Ajax, Municipality of Clarington,
Regional Municipality of Durham
ORIGINAL REPORT
Prepared for:
Pickering Developments
186 Bartley Drive
Toronto, Ontario
M4A 1E1
Phone: (416) 751-4242
FAX: (416) 750-8884
Archaeological Licence P392 (Ritchie)
MTCS PIF P392-0054-2014
ASI File 14TS-024
18 March, 2014
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of
Part of Lot 15, 16, 17, Concession 1
Geographic Township of Pickering, Ontario County,
Town of Ajax, Municipality of Clarington,
Regional Municipality of Durham
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Archaeological Services Inc. was contracted by Pickering Developments to conduct a Stage 1
Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1, Geographic Township of
Pickering, Ontario County, Now in the City of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham. The
subject property is approximately 95 ha in size.
The Stage 1 background review of the area revealed that six registered archaeological sites are
located within a 1 km radius of the subject property however no sites are located within the subject
property limits. Review of historical mapping revealed the property to be located adjacent to four
historical transportation routes including the Grand Trunk Railway, currently CN Railway. The
historical mapping also depicts four settlement features located within the subject property during
the late nineteenth century. Review of current physiographic mapping, including the Ministry of
Natural Resource (MNR) wetland data, suggests that a large portion of the property is considered
low and wet including swamps, marshland and open water features. These wetlands are a part of a
provincially significant Bayly Street wetland complex as well as the Duffins Creek coastal wetland
complex. Furthermore, Duffins Creek proper flows less than 40 m from the eastern limit. Given these
factors there is the potential for encountering pre-contact and historic archaeological deposits
within the property, depending on the degree of more recent land disturbance.
The Stage 1 background review resulted in the identification of locations within the subject property
lacking archaeological potential. These areas consist of wetlands defined by MNR mapping and
include marshlands, swamp and open water features. These areas are considered to have no
archaeological potential.
The balance of the subject property is considered to have archaeological potential. These lands will
require Stage 2 archaeological assessment to be carried out in accordance with section 2 of the
MTCS’s 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists prior to any development.
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
Page iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................ i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................ iii
PROJECT PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................................................ iv
1.0
PROJECT CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1
Development Context ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2
Historical Context ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.3
Archaeological Context.................................................................................................................... 2
2.0
ANALYSIS: EVALUATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL ..........................................................................5
3.0
ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................5
4.0
RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 6
5.0
ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION .........................................................................................7
6.0
WORKS CITED ...................................................................................................................................... 8
7.0
IMAGES ............................................................................................................................................... 9
8.0
MAPS ................................................................................................................................................. 12
List of Plates / Images
Plate 1: Western parcel; looking northeast from southwest corner. .................................................................. 9
Plate 2: Western parcel; looking northwest from southeast corner. ................................................................. 9
Plate 3: Western parcel; looking southwest from northeast corner. ................................................................. 9
Plate 4: Northern parcel; looking northeast from Kellino Street. ...................................................................... 9
Plate 5: Northern parcel; looking northwest from Church Street South. ......................................................... 10
Plate 6: Southern parcel; looking northeast from southwest corner. .............................................................. 10
Plate 7: Southern parcel, looking northwest from Bayly Street....................................................................... 10
Plate 8: Southern parcel; looking northwest from southeast corner. .............................................................. 10
Plate 9: Southern parcel; looking southwest from Kellino Street. ................................................................... 11
Plate 10: Southern parcel; looking southeast from northwest corner. ............................................................. 11
Plate 11: Southern parcel; looking southeast from Squires Beach Road. ......................................................... 11
List of Figures / Maps
th
Figure 1: The subject property illustrated on the NTS Map Markham 30 M/14, 9 Edition, 1994 .......................13
Figure 2: The subject property overlaid on the 1860 Tremaine Map of the County of Ontario. ......................... 14
Figure 3: The subject property overlaid on the 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario. ......... 15
Figure 4: Subject property illustrated on the 1914 NTS Sheet Markham revised 1930. ................................... 16
Figure 5: Evaluated wetlands within the subject property, courtesy of the Ministry of Natural Resources. ....... 17
Figure 6: Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1, Town of Pickering. ... 18
Figure 7: Aerial image of subject property. .................................................................................................... 19
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
Page iv
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES INC.
PLANNING DIVISION
PROJECT PERSONNEL
Project Manager:
Beverly Garner, BA Hons, Staff Archaeologist and Manager,
Stage 1 and 2 Projects, Planning Division
Project Director:
Paul Ritchie, MA, Staff Archaeologist (P392)
Project Archaeologist:
Jenna Down, BA Hons, Staff Archaeologist (R430)
Report Preparation:
Jenna Down
Graphics Preparation:
Jenna Down
Jonas Fernandez, MSc, Geomatics Specialist (R281)
Blake Williams, MLitt, Staff Archaeologist and Geomatics
Specialist (P383)
Report Reviewer:
Beverly Garner
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
1.0
Page 1
PROJECT CONTEXT
Archaeological Services Inc. was contracted by Pickering Developments (401) Inc., Pickering
Developments (Bayly) Inc. and Pickering Developments (Squires) Inc., which are collectively referred to
as "Pickering Developments" through this report, to conduct a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part
of Lot 15 and 16 and 17, Concession 1, Geographic Township of Pickering, Ontario County, Now in the
City of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham.
1.1
Development Context
This assessment was conducted under the project management of Ms. Beverly Garner and project
direction of Mr. Paul Ritchie (MTCS PIF P392-0054-2014), as required by the Ontario Planning Act. All
activities carried out during this assessment were completed as part of an application for pre-development
approval requirements in accordance with the terms of the Ontario Heritage Act and the Ministry of
Tourism, Culture and Sport’s 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. The subject
property is approximately 95 ha in size (Figure 1).
Permission to access the subject property and to carry out all activities necessary for the completion of the
assessment was granted by the proponent on February 21, 2014.
1.2
Historical Context
The MTC’s Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011:18) stipulates that areas
of early Euro-Canadian settlement, including places of early military pioneer settlement (pioneer
homesteads, isolated cabins, farmstead complexes), early wharf or dock complexes, pioneer churches and
early cemeteries, are considered to have archaeological potential. There may be commemorative markers
of their history, such as local, provincial, or federal monuments or heritage parks. Early historical
concession roads or transportation routes (trails, passes, roads, railways, portage routes), properties listed
on a municipal register or designated under the Ontario Heritage Act or a federal, provincial, or municipal
historic landmark or site, and properties that local histories or informants have identified with possible
archaeological sites, historical events, activities, or occupations are also considered to have archaeological
potential.
The subject property is located within Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1, Geographic Township of
Pickering, Ontario County. A review of the 1860 Tremaine Map of the County of Ontario and the 1877
Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario was completed in order to determine if these sources
depict any nineteenth-century Euro-Canadian settlement features that may represent potential historical
archaeological sites on the property (Figures 2- 3).
Illustrated on the 1860 Tremaine Map, the owner of Lot 15 is William Cowan while the owner of Lot 16
is John Dunbar. Lot 17 is divided in half creating a north parcel, owned by Jason Greig and a south parcel
owned by A. Buchanan. There are no settlement features located within the subject property on the map.
According to the 1877 Historical Atlas, the owner of Lot 15 is W. Dunbar while the owner of Lot 16 is C.
Holt. Lot 17 is owned by A. Buchen and has two settlement features located within the central portion of
the lot. Additionally, two settlement features are located within Lot 15 and 16, bringing the total number
of settlement features within the property to four.
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
Page 2
As previously discussed, the MTC’s Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC
2011:18) stipulates that early historical transportation routes are also considered to have archaeological
potential. The subject property is located adjacent to three historical concession roads currently Bayly
Street, Squires Beach Road and Church Street South. The property is also located adjacent to the Grand
Trunk Railway which denotes the northern limit of the subject property.
It should be noted that not all features of interest were mapped systematically on the Ontario series of
historical maps and atlases, given that they were financed by subscription, and subscribers were given
preference with regard to the level of detail provided on the maps.
Therefore, based on the proximity of the four historical transportation routes as well as the four settlement
features depicted on the 1877 Historical Atlas, there is potential for encountering historical archaeological
deposits, depending on the degree of more recent land disturbance.
1.3
Archaeological Context
A Stage 1 archaeological assessment involves research to describe the known and potential archaeological
resources within the vicinity of a subject property. The background research for such an assessment
incorporates a review of previous archaeological research, physiography, and nineteenth and twentiethcentury development for the subject property. Background research was completed to identify any
archaeological sites within the subject property and to assess its archaeological potential.
In order that an inventory of archaeological resources could be compiled for the subject property, three
sources of information were consulted: the site record forms for registered sites housed at the Ministry of
Tourism, Culture and Sport, published and unpublished documentary sources, and the files of
Archaeological Services Inc.
In Ontario, information concerning archaeological sites is stored in the Ontario Archaeological Sites
Database (OASD) which is maintained by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. This database
contains archaeological sites registered within the Borden system. The Borden system was first proposed
by Dr. Charles E. Borden and is based on a block of latitude and longitude. Each Borden block measures
approximately 13 km east-west by 18.5 km north-south. Each Borden block is referenced by a four-letter
designator, and sites within a block are numbered sequentially as they are found. The subject property
under review is located within the AlGs Borden block.
While no archaeological sites have been registered within the subject property, six sites have been
registered within a 1 km radius from the subject property. The IAX site (AkGs-19), DM-97-1F site
(AkGs-23), Wee site (AlGs-205) and Other site (AlGs-231) are located approximately 800 m southeast of
the subject property and adjacent to Duffins Creek. Both the IAX site (AkGs-19) and Other site (AlGs231) represent Middle Woodland campsites while the Wee site (AlGs-205) represents a Middle
Woodland scatter. All three sites were encountered by R.W. Burgar in 1997 and are considered
contemporaneous with one another. The Elmdale Mill site (AlGs-110) is located approximately 250 m
east of the northeast corner of the property. The site consists of substantial stone and concrete floors as
well as domestic refuse deposits. Fires and scrap metal scavenging have eliminated all mill equipment
that would have been associated with the site. This site was encountered by Mayer, Pihl, Poulton &
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
Page 3
Associates Inc. in 1985. All the sites have been in summarized in Table 1 and the cultural/temporal
categories outlined in Table 2.
Borden No.
AkGs-19
AkGs-23
AlGs-110
AlGs-114
AlGs-205
AlGs-231
Table 1: Archaeological Sites Registered Within 1
Site Name
Cultural Affiliation
IAX
Middle Woodland
DM-97-1F
Undetermined Pre-Contact
Elmdale Mill
Euro-Canadian
Unnamed
Undetermined Pre-Contact
Wee
Middle Woodland
Other
Middle Woodland
km of the Subject property
Site Type
Researcher
Campsite
R.W. Burgar 1997
Scatter
R.W. Burgar 1997
Mill
MPP* 1985
Findspot
R. Pearce 1989
Scatter
R.W. Burgar 1997
Campsite
R.W. Burgar 1997
*Mayer, Pihl, Poulton & Associates Inc.
Period
PALEO-INDIAN
Early
Late
ARCHAIC
Early
Table 2: Outline of Southern Ontario Prehistoric and Historic Cultures
Archaeological Culture
Date Range
Attributes
Gainey, Barnes, Crowfield
Holcombe, Hi-Lo, Lanceolate
9000 - 8500 BC
8500 - 7500 BC
Big game hunters
Small nomadic groups
Nettling, Bifurcate-base
7800 - 6000 BC
Nomadic hunters and gatherers
Middle
Kirk, Stanly, Brewerton,
Laurentian
6000 - 2000 BC
Transition to territorial
settlements
Late
Lamoka, Genesee, Crawford
Knoll, Innes
2500 - 500 BC
Polished/ground
(small stemmed)
Meadowood
Point Peninsula, Saugeen,
Jack’s Reef Corner-Notched
Algonkian, Iroquoian
800 - 400 BC
400 BC - AD 800
Introduction of pottery
Incipient horticulture
AD 800 – 1300
Algonkian, Iroquoian
AD 1300 – 1400
Algonkian, Iroquoian
AD 1400 - 1600
Transition to village life and
agriculture
Establishment of large palisaded
villages
Tribal differentiation and warfare
Huron, Neutral, Petun, Odawa,
Ojibwa
Six Nations Iroquois, Ojibwa,
Mississauga
Euro/Canadian
AD 1600 - 1650
Tribal displacements
WOODLAND
Early
Middle
Late
HISTORIC
Early
Late
stone
tools
AD 1650 - 1800s
AD 1780 -
Present European settlement
The subject property lies within the Iroquois Plain physiographic region (Chapman and Putnam 1984),
which comprises the former lake bed of glacial Lake Iroquois, the precursor to Lake Ontario. The local
Quaternary geology of the area consists of a mix of fine-grained glaciolacustrine deposits and drumlinized
till plain (Hewitt 1969: Map 2124). Two drumlins, oriented roughly northwest/southeast, have been
mapped as traversing the subject property, although they appear to have been subdued in elevation by
infilling between their crests by glacio-lacustrine clays. The result can be described as a “fluted” terrain,
characterized by low upland ridges trending to the northwest interspersed with poorly drained lowlands
with the same orientation. Two small tributaries of lower Duffins Creek drain these lowlands towards the
southeast while Duffins Creek proper is located less than 40 m from the northeast limit.
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
Page 4
Four soil types have been mapped for the subject property. Darlington loam is a well-drained brunisolic
gray-brown luvisol which has developed on upland clay loam till. Schomberg clay loam is a well-drained
orthic gray-brown luvisol which has developed on glacio-lacustrine clay. The majority of the subject
property comprises Smithfield clay loam, an imperfectly drained, gleyed, gray-brown luvisol which has
also formed on glacio-lacustrine clay. Finally, there are patches of organic soil, primarily along the
southern margin of the subject property, which have developed in wetland locations due to the
accumulation of decomposing plant material (Olding, Wicklund, and Richards 1957).
The wetlands of the subject property are part of the 2.3 hectare Bayly Street wetland, a provincially
significant wetland complex upstream of, but associated with, the Duffins Creek coastal wetland complex
(NHIC 2013). Most of the current coastal wetland complexes of Lake Ontario owe their existence to the
ongoing transgression of the Ontario basin due to isostatic uplift of the outlet at Kingston. Lake Ontario
reached its current level roughly 4,000 years ago, so the base level of Duffins Creek and its tributaries
have been relatively constant since then (Archaeological Services Inc., Historica Research Limited, and
Cuesta Systems Inc. 2003). It is therefore safe to assume that the Bayly Street wetland has been extant
for millennia in one form or another.
Terrain such as that which characterizes the subject property is generally considered to exhibit very high
potential for the discovery of pre-contact Aboriginal archaeological resources due in large measure to the
interdigitation of well-drained uplands with wetlands. The former provided suitable campsites and habitat
for upland game species, while the swamps, marshes, and water courses provided a wide range of aquatic,
emergent, and riparian plant and animal resources. Overall, wetlands and their environs present the most
biotically rich, diverse, and productive landscapes available to indigenous hunter-gatherers. Given that
such an environment was extant on the subject property for thousands of years, the potential for
encountering pre-contact Aboriginal archaeological sites is greatly enhanced.
Figure 4 illustrates the subject property superimposed over the 1914 revised 1930 NTS Markham Sheet.
This image clearly illustrates the proximity of Duffins Creek in relation to the subject property.
Additionally, the image illustrates five structures present within the limits of the subject property. Of the
five, four are illustrated in approximately the same location as depicted on the 1877 Historical Atlas. The
additional structure is located adjacent to the northern limit, within Lot 17.
The MTC’s Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011:17-18) stipulates that
primary water sources (lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, etc.), secondary water sources (intermittent streams
and creeks, springs, marshes, swamps, etc.) as well as ancient water sources (glacial lake shorelines
indicated by the presence of raised sand or gravel beach ridges, relic river or stream channels indicated by
clear dip or swale in the topography, shorelines of drained lakes or marshes, cobble beaches, etc.) are
characteristics that indicate archaeological potential. Geographic characteristics also indicate
archaeological potential and include distinct topographic features and soils.
Review of metadata courtesy of the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), illustrated on proponent
mapping, indicates that a large portion of the property is considered wetland (Figure 5). Although MNR
data of wetland boundaries is verified within 2 m, the evaluation is considered open and may be subject to
change.
Therefore, given the extensive wetland within the property, the proximity of Duffins Creek and the six
previously registered sites within 1 km, there is potential for the identification of pre-contact Aboriginal
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
Page 5
archaeological remains within the subject property depending on the degree of more recent land
disturbance.
2.0
ANALYSIS: EVALUATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL
The Stage 1 archaeological assessment has been completed in order to assess the archaeological potential
of the property. Information was gathered from historical and current sources to determine the
archaeological potential of the property. The conclusions of this review have been compiled on Figure 6.
Accessed from Google Earth, Figure 7 depicts a recent aerial photograph of the property. The property is
approximately 95 ha in size. It is bounded to the north by the CN Railway, to the south by Bayly Street, to
the east by Church Street South and to the west by a spur track of the CN Railway. Two roads are located
within the limits and divide the property into three parcels. These roads consist of Kellino Street and
Squires Beach Road. The property encompasses agricultures fields, open grassed areas, forested and
scrubby areas as well as low and wet areas.
As previously mentioned, a large portion of the property is comprised of wetlands. The western parcel is
predominantly marshlands and swamp, however a narrow swath of land consisting of a scrubby area and
agricultural field, extends down the centre of the parcel (Plates 1-3). The northern parcel is comprised of
an agricultural field and scrubby area (Plates 4-5). A small marsh and swamp area are also located within
the west half of this parcel. The southern parcel is the largest of the three and comprised of agricultural
fields, forested areas and scrubby areas (Plates 6-11). A portion of the parcel is also deemed to be low and
wet with marshland and swamp.
The Stage 1 archaeological assessment has resulted in portions of the subject property lacking any further
archaeological potential. These areas include all wetlands outlined by the MNR mapping and include
marshlands, swamp and open water features. As per section 2.1 Property Survey of the Standards and
Guidelines, in accordance with Standard 2.b, survey is not required on lands identified as being wet, as
these areas do not exhibit archaeological potential. In total, the lands deemed disturbed encompass
approximately 30% of the property.
The balance of the property, approximately 70%, consists of agricultural fields, open grassed areas,
forested areas and scrubby areas.
3.0
ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION
Archaeological Services Inc. was contracted by Pickering Developments to conduct a Stage 1
Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1, Geographic Township of
Pickering, Ontario County, Now in the City of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham. The subject
property is comprised of approximately 95 ha.
The Stage 1 background assessment determined that six archaeological sites had been registered within a
1 km radius of the subject property however no sites are located within the subject property limits. A
review of the general physiography of the subject property and historic mapping suggests that the subject
property encompasses an area that exhibits potential for the presence of archaeological resources due to
the proximity of Duffins Creek, four historic transportation routes and four settlement features within the
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
Page 6
property limits. Furthermore, the location of the property within the Bayly Street wetland complex
contributes to the heightened archaeological potential of the property.
The Stage 1 field review resulted in the identification of portions of the subject property lacking
archaeological potential. These areas include all the wetlands defined by MNR data. The balance of the
subject property, consisting of agricultural fields, open grassed areas, forested areas and scrubby areas, is
considered to have archaeological potential and will require a Stage 2 archaeological assessment.
4.0
RECOMMENDATIONS
In light of these results, the following recommendations are made:
1. Prior to any land-disturbing activities within the subject property, a Stage 2 archaeological
assessment must be conducted on all undisturbed lands as identified in Figure 6. The Stage 2
assessment must be carried out in accordance with the Ministry of Tourism and Culture’s 2011
Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologist
a. Areas identified as agricultural field or open areas must be ploughed. Once the areas have
been cultivated and allowed to weather (at least one substantial rain) the area will be
subject to pedestrian survey at 5 m intervals. Staff will systematically walk the surface of
the ploughed area collecting and recording any cultural remains.
b. The balance of the property deemed to have archaeological potential will require test pit
survey. All test pits should be excavated at least five cm into subsoil with the soil being
screened through six mm mesh screens to facilitate artifact recovery. All test pits should
be at least 30 cm in diameter and backfilled upon completion. Test pits should be
excavated at five metre transect interval as outlined in the 2011 Standards and Guidelines
for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011).
NOTWITHSTANDING the results and recommendations presented in this study, Archaeological
Services Inc. notes that no archaeological assessment, no matter how thorough or carefully completed,
can necessarily predict, account for, or identify every form of isolated or deeply buried archaeological
deposit. In the event that archaeological remains are found during subsequent construction activities, the
consultant archaeologist, approval authority, and the Cultural Programs Unit of the Ministry of Tourism
Culture should be immediately notified.
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
5.0
Page 7
ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION
•
This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism, Culture and Sport as a condition of
licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, RSO 1990, c 0.18. The
report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued
by the Minister, and that the archaeological field work and report recommendations ensure
the conservation, preservation and protection of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all
matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have
been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, a letter will
be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations
to archaeological sites by the proposed development.
•
It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than
a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove
any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such
time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological field work on the site,
submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or
interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeology Reports
referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act.
•
Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new
archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The
proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site
immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological
fieldwork, in compliance with sec. 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act.
•
The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O 1990 c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act,
2002, S.O. 2002. c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human
remains must immediately notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries,
Ministry of Consumer Services.
•
Archaeological sites recommended for further archaeological fieldwork or protection remain
subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act and may not be altered, or have artifacts
removed from them, except by a person holding an archaeological licence.
The documentation related to this archaeological assessment will be curated by Archaeological Services
Inc. until such a time that arrangements for their ultimate transfer to Her Majesty the Queen in right of
Ontario, or other public institution, can be made to the satisfaction of the project owner(s), the Ontario
Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, and any other legitimate interest groups.
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
6.0
Page 8
WORKS CITED
Archaeological Services Inc., Historica Research Limited, and Cuesta Systems Inc.
2003 The Archaeological Master Plan of the Central Waterfront, City of Toronto, Ontario.
Report prepared for Historic Preservation Services, City of Toronto. Archaeological
Services Inc., Toronto, Ont.
Chapman, L.J., and D.F. Putnam
1984 Physiography of Southern Ontario. Third Edition. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources, Toronto.
Department of Natural Resources
1914 NTS Sheet Markham 30 M/14 revised 1930.
1994 NTS Sheet Markham 30 M/14, 9th Edition.
Google Earth
2013
Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1, Pickering, Ontario, Canada. Google Earth 4.2.
Accessed March 4, 2014.
Hewitt, Donald F.
1969 Industrial mineral resources of the Markham-Newmarket area: Ontario and York
counties. Vol. 24. Industrial Mineral Report. Ontario Department of Mines,
Toronto, Ont.
Miles & Co.
1877
Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario. Toronto.
(MTC) Ministry of Tourism and Culture, now the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport
2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consulting Archaeologists. Toronto: Cultural Programs
Branch, Archaeology and Planning Unit.
Olding, A.B., R.E. Wicklund, and N. R. Richards
1957 Soil Survey of Formerly Ontario County. 1990th ed. Vol. 23. Ontario Soil Survey
Report. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Toronto, Ont.
Tremaine, George C.
1860 Tremaine Map of the County of Ontario. Tremaine Map Establishment. Toronto.
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
7.0
Page 9
IMAGES
Plate 1: Western parcel; looking northeast from southwest
corner. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Plate 2: Western parcel; looking northwest from southeast
corner. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Plate 3: Western parcel; looking southwest from northeast
corner. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Plate 4: Northern parcel; looking northeast from Kellino Street.
Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
Page 10
Plate 5: Northern parcel; looking northwest from Church
Street South. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Plate 6: Southern parcel; looking northeast from southwest
corner. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Plate 7: Southern parcel, looking northwest from Bayly
Street. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Plate 8: Southern parcel; looking northwest from southeast
corner. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
Plate 9: Southern parcel; looking southwest from Kellino
Street. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Plate 11: Southern parcel; looking southeast from Squires
Beach Road. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Page 11
Plate 10: Southern parcel; looking southeast from northwest
corner. Image Courtesy Of Google Earth 2013.
Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1,
Town of Pickering
8.0
MAPS
See the following pages for detailed assessment maps and figures.
Page 12
Subject Property
BASE:
(c) OpenStreetMap and contributors,
Creative Commons-Share Alike
License (CC-BY-SA)
0
2
Kilometres
ASI PROJECT NO.: 14TS024
DATE: March 4 2014
528 Bathurst St.
Toronto, Ontario
Canada, M5S 2P9
Figure 1: The subject property illustrated on the NTS Map Markham 30 M/14, 9th Edition, 1994
DRAWN BY: JF
FILE: 14TS024_fig1
T 416-966-1069
F 416-966-9723
[email protected]/www.iAS±.to
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slan
Ro s
dN
ton
ad E
R oa
n
Tau
d Ro
m
Sale
slan
Ros
sla
Ros
nd R
oad
W
Lake Ontario
ston
King
rch
Chu
d
Thir
d
Roa
sion
c es
Con
Roa
dE
Stre
et N
ston
King
Roa
dW
le
Sa
Subject Property
m
ad
Ro
S
Dixie
d
Roa
rch
Chu
Stre
ly
Bay
e
Stre
tE
et S
n
Alto
r
Live
ad
a Ro
ly
Bay
e
Stre
tW
poo
nue
ad
Ave
l Ro
h
Finc
ly
Bay
e
Stre
t
e
Whit
s Ro
ad
1860 Tremaine Map of the
County of Ontario
Ki
n
gs
to
n
Ro
ad
BASE:
0
2.25
Kilometres
ASI PROJECT NO.: 14TS024
DATE: March 04 2014
528 Bathurst St.
Toronto, Ontario
Canada, M5S 2P9
Figure 2: The subject property overlaid on the 1860 Tremaine Map of the County of Ontario
DRAWN BY: JF
FILE: 14TS024_tremaine1860
T 416-966-1069
F 416-966-9723
[email protected]/www.iAS±.to
Roa
d
d Ro
ad W
N
oad
d
R oa
ey R
k
Broc
tn
Wes
slan
Ro s
dN
ton
ad E
R oa
n
Tau
d Ro
m
Sale
slan
Ros
sla
Ros
nd R
oad
W
Lake Ontario
ston
King
rch
Chu
d
Thir
d
Roa
sion
c es
Con
Roa
dE
Stre
et N
ston
King
Roa
dW
le
Sa
Subject Property
m
ad
Ro
S
Dixie
d
Roa
rch
Chu
Stre
ly
Bay
e
Stre
tE
et S
n
Alto
r
Live
ad
a Ro
ly
Bay
e
Stre
tW
poo
nue
ad
Ave
l Ro
h
Finc
ly
Bay
e
Stre
t
e
Whit
s Ro
ad
BASE: 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas
Ki
n
gs
to
n
Ro
ad
of the County of Ontario
Pickering Township
0
2.25
Kilometres
ASI PROJECT NO.: 14TS024
DATE: March 04 2014
528 Bathurst St.
Toronto, Ontario
Canada, M5S 2P9
Figure 3: The subject property overlaid on the 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario
DRAWN BY: JF
FILE: 14TS024_HistoricalAtlas1877
T 416-966-1069
F 416-966-9723
[email protected]/www.iAS±.to
way
7
vale
R oa
d
n
Tau
ton
Roa
eR
dW
oad
N
Roa
R oa
d
R oa
ton
m
Sale
k
Broc
dN
n
Tau
dE
Ridg
e
Whit
e
Lak
High
le
Aud
s
Ros
oad
N
oad
nR
ey R
nto
Tau
kh
Mar
am
slan
Ros
g To
ess
R
ion
d Ro
d
Roa
E
Lake Ontario
ad W
ad W
oad
ston
King
Roa
dE
m
Sale
N
Roa
dW
dS
ston
King
Subject Property
R oa
reet
ne
wnli
St
rch
Chu
erin
Pick
Th
onc
ird C
d Ro
slan
Ros
land
ad N
d
y Ro
R oa
tn
Wes
evale
Whit
Dixie
Roa
d
n
d
et S
ly
Bay
r
Live
tE
e
Stre
tW
ad
line
nue
l Ro
n
Tow
Ave
e
Stre
poo
ring
ad
a Ro
icke
n
Alto
gh P
h
Finc
ly
Bay
Stre
orou
to
gs
oa
rch
Chu
rb
Sca
n
Ki
R
e
Whit
ly
Bay
e
Stre
t
s Ro
ad
BASE:
1914 NTS Sheet Markham
30 M/14
(Revised 1930)
0
3
Kilometres
ASI PROJECT NO.: 14TS024
DATE: March 04 2014
528 Bathurst St.
Toronto, Ontario
Canada, M5S 2P9
Figure 4: Subject property illustrated on the 1914 NTS Sheet Markham revised 1930
DRAWN BY: JF
FILE: 14TS024_NTS_1914
T 416-966-1069
F 416-966-9723
[email protected]/www.iAS±.to
±
401
Ram
Ramp
p
p
Ram
401
Toy
Church
Squires Beach
Kellino
Quartz
Bayly
528 Bathurst St.
Toronto, Ontario
Canada, M5S 2P9
T 416-966-1069
F 416-966-9723
[email protected]/www.iAS±.to
Subject Property
Wetland, Open Water
Durham_Waterbody
Wetland, Marsh
Wetland, Swamp
Durham_Watercourse
Figure 5: Evaluated wetlands within the subject property, courtesy of the Ministry of Natural Resources
BASE:
Ortho
Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA,
USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN,
IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
0
250
Metres
ASI PROJECT NO.: 14TS-024
DATE: 28 Feb 2014
DRAWN BY: BW
FILE: 14TS024_Wetlands
Path: X:\2014 Projects\TS\14TS-024SquiresBeachRd\View\14TS024_workspace.mxd
e
Lak
g
Rid
ad
en Ro
Howd
oad
401
Taunto
Hi
ig
401 H
ay
ghw
n Roa
d
ad
Ro
hway
n
kso
kR
ig
407 H
401
way
High
Thic
oad
eR
c
Bro
7 Highway
Str
hway Victoria
eet
Lake Ontario
High
way
401
Subject Property (96.25 ha)
Waterbody
Church Street S
Watercourse
Stage 1 Survey Resutls
No Potential - Low and Wet
Potential - Ploughing and
Pedestrian Survey Required
Potential - Test Pit Survey Required
BASE:
Bayly Street
Ortho
Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA,
USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN,
IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
Bayly Street W
0
250
Metres
ASI PROJECT NO.: 14TS024
DATE: March 11 2014
528 Bathurst St.
Toronto, Ontario
Canada, M5S 2P9
Figure 6: Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Part of Lot 15, 16 and 17, Concession 1, Town of Pickering.
DRAWN BY: JF
FILE: Fig6_Stage1_results_v3
T 416-966-1069
F 416-966-9723
[email protected]/www.iAS±.to
±
BASE:
528 Bathurst St.
Toronto, Ontario
Canada, M5S 2P9
T 416-966-1069
F 416-966-9723
[email protected]/www.iAS±.to
Figure 7: Aerial image of subject property.
Subject property boundary
Ortho
Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA,
USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN,
IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
0
250
Metres
ASI PROJECT NO.: 14TS-024
DATE: 12 Mar 2014
DRAWN BY: BW
FILE: 14TS024_Fig7_Aerial
Path: X:\2014 Projects\TS\14TS-024SquiresBeachRd\View\14TS024_workspace.mxd