Sachetta_Victoria
KINETIC THEORY OF
MATTER
TEST REVIEW
Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
PROPERTIES OF STATES OF MATTER • 
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volume changes with temperature GAS flows LIQUID AND GAS peanut buEer AMORPHOUS definite volume but no definite shape LIQUID found in laptop computers screens LIQUID CRYSTALS definite volume and definite shape SOLID vibraSonal moSon SOLID completely fills the container GAS crystal structure SOLID changes color with temperature LIQUID CRYSTAL high energy state PLASMA least common on Earth PLASMA no interparScle forces
GAS stars PLASMA strongest interparScle forces SOLID Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
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Where is plasma most common? UNIVERSE Why? STARS ARE MADE OF PLASMA What does LCD mean? LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY What are 2 ways to make liquid crystals change color? HEAT AND ELECTRICITY How is amorphous like a solid? DEFINITE (FIXED) VOLUME SOME CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE How is amorphous like a liquid? INDEFINITE (NOT FIXED) SHAPE List the states of maEer from the one with the LEAST force of aEracSon between parScles to the one with the GREATEST. SOLID, AMORPHOUS, LIQUID CRYSTALS, LIQUID, GAS, PLASMA How does temperature affect a gas? CHANGING TEMPERATURE DIRECTLY AFFECTS THE VOLUME OF A GAS
INCREASING TEMPERATURE WILL INCREASE VOLUME DECREASING TEMPERATURE WILL DECREASE VOLUME How does pressure affect a gas? CHANGING PRESSURE INVERSELY AFFECTS THE VOLUME OF A GAS
INCREASING PRESSURE WILL DECREASE VOLUME DECREASING PRESSURE WILL INCREASE VOLUME Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS 24.
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What you know: 85 °C What to Find: °F Formula: F = 1.8C + 32 Work: F = 1.8 (85) + 32 Answer: 185 °F Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
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What you know: 380 K What to Find: °C Formula: C = K -­‐ 273 Work: C = 380 -­‐ 273 Answer: 107 °C TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS 26.
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What you know: -­‐8 ° F What to Find: ° C Formula: C = (F-­‐32) 1.8 Work: C = (-­‐8 – 32) 1.8 Answer: -­‐22.2 °C Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
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What you know: -­‐15 °C What to Find: K Formula: K = C + 273 Work: K = -­‐15 +273 Answer: 258 K TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS 28.
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What you know: 15 °C What to Find: °F Formula: F = 1.8C +32 Work: F = 1.8 (15) + 32 Answer: 59 °F Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
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What you know: 212 K What to Find: °C Formula: C = K -­‐ 273 Work: C = 212 -­‐ 273 Answer: -­‐ 61 C CHANGING STATES OF MATTER •  30.
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Which term refers to the cooling of a gas? CONDENSATION Which term refers to the hea8ng of a liquid to a vapor at room temperature? VAPORIZATION Which term refers to the change of a solid directly to a gas? SUBLIMATION Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
TEMPERATURE SCALES AND STATES OF MATTER A. SOLID B. LIQUID C. GAS 33. 35. 37. 39. 41. Sachetta_Victoria
21°C LIQUID -­‐15°C SOLID 31°F SOLID 99°C LIQUID 9°F SOLID Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
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325 K LIQUID 11°C LIQUID 40°C LIQUID 235°F GAS 392 K GAS MelCng CHANGING STATES OF MATTER Freezing VaporizaCon (boiling) CondensaCon 43. 53 °F changes to 30 °F FREEZING 44. 112 °C changes to 95 °C CONDENSATION 45. 200 K changes to 300 K MELTING 46. 200 °F changes to 300 °F VAPORIZATION (BOILING) 47. 35 °C changes to -­‐5 °C FREEZING 48. 400 K changes to 360 K CONDENSATION Sachetta_Victoria
Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
HEATING CURVE FOR WATER GAS VaporizaSon CondensaSon Temperature 100°C Sachetta_Victoria
LIQUID 0°C MelSng Freezing SOLID Time -­‐ Heat Energy added Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
50. A TEMPERATURE INCREASES BECAUSE KINETIC ENERGY IS INCREASING WATER IS STILL A SOLID. 51. B MELTING POINT IS REACHED -­‐ TEMPERATURE (KINETIC ENERGY) IS ENOUGH THAT SOLID WATER CAN BEGIN MELTING. THE TEMPERATURE STAYS THE SAME BECAUSE ALL OF THE KINETIC ENERGY IS BEING USED TO BREAK THE CRYSTAL LATTICE (FORCES OF ATTRACTION). 52. C TEMPERATURE INCREASES BECAUSE KINETIC ENERGY IS INCREASING. WATER IS STILL A LIQUID. 53. D VAPORIZATION (BOILING) POINT IS REACHED -­‐ TEMPERATURE (KINETIC ENERGY) IS ENOUGH THAT LIQUID WATER CAN BEGIN VAPORIZING (CHANGING TO A GAS). THE TEMPERATURE STAYS THE SAME BECAUSE ALL OF THE KINETIC ENERGY IS BEING USED TO COMPLETELY BREAK THE FORCES OF ATTRACTION. 54. E TEMPERATURE INCREASES BECAUSE KINETIC ENERGY IS INCREASING. WATER IS STILL A VAPOR (STEAM) THAT CONTINUES TO BE WARMED. Sachetta_Victoria
Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
OPEN-­‐ENDED WRITTEN RESPONSE 55. Describe how a balloon would change if you took it outside on a summer day. Explain why. [ temperature, volume, expand, gas(es) ] Sachetta_Victoria
IN THE SUMMER, THE TEMPERATURE IS GREATER OUTSIDE THE HOUSE. THE INCREASED TEMPERATURE (ENERGY) WOULD CAUSE THE GAS MOLECULES INSIDE THE BALLOON TO EXPAND (MOVE FARTHER APART FROM EACH OTHER). THIS WOULD RESULT IN AN INCREASED VOLUME OF GAS IN THE BALLOON EVENTHOUGH NO GAS WAS ADDED. THE BALLOON WOULD BECOME LARGER. Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET
OPEN-­‐ENDED WRITTEN RESPONSE 56. Describe the process that is happening in the illustraSon and explain why. [ water vapor, boiling point, interparCcle forces ] Sachetta_Victoria
THE PROCESS IS VAPORIZATION. ENERGY WAS ADDED WHICH INCREASED THE TEMPERATURE OF THE LIQUID WATER IN THE POT. WHEN THERE WAS ENOUGH ENERGY TO BREAK THE FORCES OF INTERPARTICLE ATTRACTION THAT HELD THE WATER MOLECULES TOGETHER, VAPORIZATION (BOILING) BEGAN. AS THE WATER VAPOR MOLECULES BROKE FREE FROM EACH OTHER, THEY EXPANDED OUT INTO THE SURROUNDING ATMOSPHERE. Wednesday, October 19, 2011 9:55:20 AM ET