GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
AFTER COMPLETION OF LESSON I:
Identify the contributions of Ancient Greeks
with their development of architecture.
Describe the three styles of columns
used by the Greeks.
VOCABULARY:
DECORATIVE STYLES - DORIC, IONIC,
CORINTHIAN
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Greece
Mediterranean, Aegean, Ionian Seas
Southern tip of Europe
Island of Crete
Athens – 11,000,000
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
GREEK CITY-STATES
900BC – 0
War always between
Athens and Sparta
338BC
Battle of Chaeronea
Greece conquered by
Philip II – Alexander’s father
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Battle of Chaeronea – 338 BC
Greece conquered by
Philip II – Alexander’s father
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Early Greek Temples
Made of wood
and brick.
Economy
prospered
through trade.
Used limestone
then marble.
Perfections was
personal goal.
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Greek Architecture
For the Greeks
Temples were dwellings
for the gods.
Believed that gods controlled
the universe and daily lives.
Ancient Greeks:
Did what the Gods wanted
them too.
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
The Parthenon – 447 BC
Greek architectural
features:
Post-and-lintel
construction
Sloping roof
Colonnade
Planned with balance,
beauty and harmony.
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
The Parthenon
Athens, Greece
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
The Parthenon
with color
Use of Color:
Blue, red, green, yellow,
Details in gold leaf
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Exterior Design
Of Parthenon
All details on outside
Lines look straight, but not
Columns bulge/curve out
To support roof
Each column slants inward
Base has a slight curve
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Greek Temple
Construction
COLONNADE
TREASURY
OF ATHENS
STATUE OF
ATHENA
MAIN ROOM
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Acropolis
Athens, Greece
“Sacred Hill”
Parthenon here
Mass of rock 500 ft
above Athens
God and Godess
temples / statues
One of the “great
wonders of the world”
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Acropolis
Athens, Greece
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
The Erechtheum
Acropolis 421BC – 405 BC
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Porch of the Maidens
Acropolis 421BC – 405 BC
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Porch of the Maidens
Three Types of Greek Columns
Acropolis 421BC – 405 BC
Doric
Simple, heavy column
without a base. Topped
by a broad, plain capital.
Ionic
Elaborate base, double
Scroll capital, thin/taller
than the Doric capital.
Corinthian
Most elaborate and
decorated with leaves
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Porch of the Maidens
Acropolis 421BC – 405 BC
Doric
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Porch of the Maidens
Acropolis 421BC – 405 BC
Ionic
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Porch of the Maidens
Acropolis 421BC – 405 BC
Corinthian
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Greece
Mediterranean, Aegean, Ionian Seas
Southern tip of Europe
Island of Crete
Athens – 11,000,000
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
GREEK SCULPTURE PERIODS
ARCHAIC PERIOD
600-480BC
CLASSICAL PERIOD
480-300BC
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
300BC-0BC
VOCABULARY
CONTRAPPOSTO
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
TWO TYPES OF SCULPTURE
IN-THE-ROUND Can walk around it
RELIEF – carved into, cannot walk
around it.
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
SCULPTURE IN THE
ARCHAIC PERIOD - Kouros
600BC – 480BC
LARGE, FREESTANDING FIGURES
STIFFNESS AND STRAIGHT POSE
FEET SHIFT, BUT BOTH ON FLOOR
LOOK STRAIGHT AHEAD
MARBLE
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
ARCHAIC
PERIOD
SCULPTURE
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
SCULPTURE IN THE
CLASSICAL PERIOD
480BC – 300BC
BECAME MORE BOLD
AND SKILLFUL
ABANDONED STRAIGHT,
STIFFNESS
FIGURES APPEAR TO MOVE
ATHLETIC
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
THE DISCUS THROWER
450BC
PUT ALL HIS STRENGTH
INTO THROW
ARM AT FARTHEST
THROWING POINT
SHOWS BODY STRUCTURE
ACCURACY
RIGHT LEG BEARS WEIGHT
MARBLE
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
SPEAR BEARER
CONTRAPPOSTO
WEIGHT OF THE BODY
BALANCED ON ONE LEG
WHILE THE OTHER IS
RELAXED.
BODY TURNS SLIGHTLY
BODY IS SCULPTED
AS PERFECT
RELAXED AND CONFIDENT
HE WILL WIN - MARBLE
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
CONTRAPPOSTO
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
ATHENA
447BC
INSIDE THE PARTHENON
42 FEET HIGH
GOLD ON HER ARMOR
AND GARMENTS
SOFT SMILE THAT COULD
TURN CRUEL
GODESS OF WISDOM /
PROTECTION
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
ATHENA
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
RELIEF FROM PARTHENON FRIEZE
BRITISH MUSEUM OF ART
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
NIKE FASTENING
HER SANDAL
410BC
RELIEF SCULPTURE
FROZEN IN ACTION
BENDING DOWN TO
FASTEN SANDAL
FLOWING FOLDS OF
GARMENTS
FALLING OFF SHOULDER
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
SCULPTURE IN THE
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
300BC – 0
VIOLENT IMAGES IN
BRONZE OR MARBLE
INTERESTED IN FACIAL
EXPRESSION, A MIRROR
OF THE INNER EMOTIONS.
LACK PRECISE BALANCE
LIKE THE CLASSICAL
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
THE SEATED BOXER
50BC
BRONZE, EMOTIONAL IMPACT
NOT A VICORIOUS BOXER,
MATURE, NOT YOUNG,
RESTING AFTER MATCH.
SWOLLEN EARS, CUTS,
SWEAT, BROKEN NOSE,
BATTERED CHEEKS
SHOWS A CAREER OF
FIGHTING / VIOLENCE
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
THE DYING GUAL
240BC
LIFE-SIZE
FINAL MOMENTS OF
A GUAL WARRIOR
WOUNDED
FATALLY IN BATTLE.
WOUND ON RIBS
BLOOD FLOWS, LITTLE STRENGTH LEFT TO SUPPORT HIM.
PAIN AND KNOWLEDGE OF DEATH DISTORT FACE.
GREEK SCULPTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
NIKE OF SAMOTHRACE
190BC
CELEBRATE A NAVAL
VICTORY
FOR BOW OF A SHIP
OCEAN BREEZE BLOWS
GARMENTS
FORWARD LEAN /
WINGS BACK
MARBLE