Georgia History review:
Chapter 1 pages 1-39
1. Where is Georgia located?
a. Hemisphere- Northwestern
b. Continent- North America
c. Nation- U.S.A
d. Region- Southeastern
2. What are Georgia’s five geographic regions? Appalachian plateau, Piedmont, Ridge and valley, Blue
ridge, Coastal plain
a. Which is the smallest? Appalachian Plateau
b. Which is the largest? Coastal Plain
c. Which one has sandy soils? Coastal Plain
d. Which one was once under the ocean? Coastal Plain
e. Which one has the largest population? Piedmont
f. Which one is known for carpet production? Ridge and Valley
3. What is the fall line? Geographic zone where the Coastal plain and Piedmont meet and there is a drop in
elevation.
a. How did the fall line effect Georgia’s settlement? Early settlers were forced to stop at the
fall line because of the steep rushing waterfalls were difficult to portage around and the
rivers north of the fall line were often shallow making travel by boat difficult.
b. How do people use the fall line? Power source
c. What formed the fall line? Was once the shore line of an ancient ocean and was formed by
the erosion of the ocean. Rivers and creeks flowing from the rocky hill country cut deep
channels in the softer soil of the plains, has continued the erosion and have created the
rushing waterfalls.
4.What are the Barrier Islands? How did they get their name? Low sandy islands off the coast of Georgia,
they get their name because they protect Ga’s mainland from the erosion and much of the other possible
damage from storms, Hurricanes, strong ocean currents and Nor’easters.
5. Describe the Okefenokee Swamp. – Biggest swamp in North America, has black water, covers a half
million acres, means land of the trembling earth, primitive wetland
6.How has our state’s climate effected our settlement and economy? Settlement was easier due to the
consistent climate that are also attractive to businesses (fewer weather related shut downs and cheaper
heating costs) and great for agriculture.
Chapter 2 pages 40-67
7. What cities benefit from the Chattahoochee River? Gainesville, Atlanta, Helen, Columbus, Buford,
LaGrange
8.What benefits does Georgia get from its rivers and waterways? Recreation, Hydroelectric power,
transportation, drinking water
9.How do the Appalachian Mountains affect Georgia’s weather and economy? The vertical climate of the
mountains creates rain. The Blue Ridge has the most rain of any of Georgia’s geographic regions. The
runoff from this rain fall feeds the rivers and streams that provide water for many of the state’s largest
cities and provides water for business and agriculture.
10.Describe how Georgia’s four transportation systems affect the state?
a. Interstate Highways- Improves Transportation and lowers costs , this brings new businesses
to the state. Helps link together the other four transportation networks. People traveling on
the interstates also makes money for Georgia when they stop for food, fuel, or sightseeing.
b. Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport - major international hub, creates a lot of jobs,
helped put Atlanta on the map
c. Deep water Ports- What are Georgia’s two major ports? Savannah and Brunswick These
ports create jobs. Savannah is the 4th busiest port in the nation.
d. Rail Roads – moves goods from the ports inland and creates jobs. The railroads also help
keep large trucks off the roads.
Chapter 3 pages 68-99
11.In order of first to last, what were the four prehistoric Native American cultures in Georgia?
Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian
12.What were the major technological/social changes for each of the prehistoric Native American cultures
in Georgia?
a.
Paleo: lived in small groups and were hunter gathers. Used stone tipped spears and
other stone tools. Hunted large animals and were nomadic.
b.
Archaic: Lived in larger groups. Still nomadic, but might have moved around less.
This culture developed the use of pottery and agriculture. They also began eating smaller animals such
as deer. They also fished and ate shellfish.
c.
Woodland: Lived in even larger groups. Moved around even less. Improved
agriculture and pottery. Developed the bow and arrow. Began building mounds.
d.
Mississippian: Considered the most advanced group. Lived in large town and
seldom moved. Master farmers who got most of their diet from agriculture. Master mound builders,
building large burial and ceremonial mounds.
Chapter 4 pages 100-131
13.Which Native American culture did the first explorers in Georgia encounter? How did contact with
Europeans affect the Native Americans? The Mississippian culture was the first to be encountered by
European explorers, Sickness(common cold, flu, scarlet fever), starvation, or warfare is believed to have
ended the Mississippian culture.
14.Who was the first European to explore Georgia? What was he looking for? Hernando Desoto and he
was looking for gold
15.Why did most explorers come to the “new world”? Most early explorers were looking for wealth and
riches. Most explorations began as a search for a faster and safer water route to the trade goods, which
Europeans wanted, from Asia.
16.The desire for spices began the age of exploration.
17.What is a charter? A legal document that gives a person or group permission to do something, such as
start a colony.
18.When did the first English settlers come to Georgia? February 12, 1733, which is now known as
Georgia day.
19.What were the three reasons for the founding of the colony of Georgia? –
a.
Defense: To act as a buffer between The Carolinas and the Spanish.
b.
Charity: Help the “worthy poor” of London by paying their way to the new colony
and helping them start over. Very few people who ever served time in debtors prison were helped.
c.
Economics (trade): Georgia was expected to provide trade goods to England that had
to be purchased from other countries and to also provide a market in which British merchants and
manufactures could sell goods.
20.Tell how each of the following people were important to the colony of Georgia?
a. James Oglethorpe – One of Georgia’s trustees, considered to be Georgia’s founder Georgia.
The only trustee who ever came to Georgia, he not only led the colony during its early years,
but also led the colony’s military – helping repulse a Spanish invasion of St. Simon’s Island
at the Battle of Bloody Marsh.
b. Tomochichi – Chief of the Yamacraw Indians: gave the colonist permission to settle at
Yamacraw Bluff (Savannah) and helped maintain peaceful relations between the colonist
and the Indians
c. Mary Musgrove – Translator – helped Oglethorpe communicate with the Indians.
d. King George II – Gave the charter, Georgia is named in his honor.
21. What was Georgia’s first city? Savannah
22. How were the following impact colonial Georgia?
a. Salzburgers-opposed slavery, had a doctor in their group, became a major producer of silk,
and helped increase the colony’s population.
b. Highland Scots-helped defend the colony. They came to Georgia from Scotland so they
could get free land.
c. Malcontents- these people did not agree with many of the trustees’ rules. They did not like
the rules about slavery, rum, and land ownership. Many of these people moved to South
Carolina.
d. Spanish Threat from Florida-one of the main reasons of Georgia’s establishment. Because
of this threat Georgia was designed to defend the Carolinas. Many of the trustees’ rules
were designed to make the colony easier to defend.
23.Georgia was run by a group of Trustees. How many trustees were there and how long were they to run
the colony? 21/21
24.What were the restrictions placed on the trustees?
a.
Could not own land in Georgia
b.
Could not hold elected public office in Georgia
c.
Could not make laws with out the King’s approval
d.
Could not make a profit from Georgia
25.What were the restrictions/requirements the trustees placed on the Georgia Colonists?
a.
Could not own more than 500 acres of land and must have a male servant for each 50
acres over.
b.
No slavery
c.
Women could not own land
d.
No liquor
e.
All men must server in the militia
f.
Everyone must plant mulberry tress to help produce silk
26.What things and groups of people were not allowed in the colony of Georgia?
Blacks, liquor dealers, Catholics, lawyers
Chapter 5 pages 132-167
27.How did land ownership and slavery laws change after Georgia became a Royal Colony? Slavery was
allowed/ you could own as much land as you could purchase / women could now own land/ the colonists
were allowed to help make decisions for the colony, this is called self-government.
28. Who were Georgia’s three Royal Governors? John Reynolds, Henry Ellis, James Wright
29. Why was Georgia’s first Royal Governor removed? John Reynolds shut down the colonial legislature
when they could not make a decision about how to build up the colonial defenses and began running
the colony with the input of the colonist. This made the colonists angry. The King eventually
reassigned him to a new job.
30.How did Georgia gain from the French and Indian War? The Spanish threat from Florida was gone and
Georgia’s borders were increased.
31.Why did the proclamation of 1763 anger many American colonists? They couldn’t settle west of the
Appalachian Mountains because the British wanted to avoid war with the Native Americans living in
that area.
32.How did the proclamation of 1763 change Georgia? The state’s southern boarder was moved farther
south to the St. Marys River.
33.What was the Stamp Act and how did American colonists respond to it? Tax on printed paper (legal
documents, licenses, newspapers, playing cards, etc…). A stamp was placed on the taxed item to prove
the tax had been paid. The colonists protested this tax by boycotting taxed items. The boycott was very
effective and the tax was eventually repealed.
34.Why did the British think it was OK to tax the American colonist? They owned the colonies, thus had
power over them to levy taxes and were paying to defend the colonies.
35.What were the British trying to pay for by taxing the American colonist? French and Indian war
36.Give examples of taxes the British placed on the American colonist? Tea Act, Sugar Act, Stamp Act,
and Townshend Acts.
37. Why did the colonist refuse to pay these taxes? No taxation without representation! The colonists
were angry because they were not allowed to have a representative who could vote for them in the
British Parliament.
43.What type of protest did the Americans use against the British taxes? Boycott and sometimes they used
open street protests, violence such as tarring and feathering, and even at times destruction of private
property such as the Boston Tea Party.
39.What were the Intolerable Acts and why were they created? Four laws put in place in response to the
Boston Tea Party. These laws were designed to punish the colonists for the Tea Party.
a.
Boston’s port was shut down until the tea was paid for.
b.
Colonists in Massachusetts could not hold town meetings with out the governor’s
approval.
c.
British officials accused of wrongdoing would go to Great Britain for trial.
d.
The Quartering Act: colonist had to house and feed British soldiers.
40. What was the Declaration of Independence? Document that announced that the colonies were no
longer part of Great Britain and were forming an independent country called the United States of
America. The document also told what the colonies believed about good government and why they
were breaking free from British control.
a. Who was the DOI addressed to? The World
b. What was its purpose? Persuade other countries to trade with the colonies, shift blame to the
King of England, and encourage other countries to come to the military aid of the colonies.
c. Who does it blame for the all the problems? King George III
d. Who were Georgia’s signers of the DOI? Lyman Hall, Button Gwinnett, George Walton
41.Colonists who supported Britain during the revolution were called Tories/Loyalists, while people who
supported the colonies were called Patriots/Whigs.
42.Who are the following people?
a. Elijah Clarke- led the Georgia militia at the battle of Kettle Creek,
b. Austin Dabney- Fought and was wounded at the Battle of Kettle Creek may have also Saved
Elijah Clarke’s life during the battle, First Black man to receive land for his military service
during the American Revolution. He may also have once been a slave.
c. Nancy Hart- Only women to have a Georgia county named after her. Is considered a
Revolutionary War heroin for capturing and helping execute (maybe even killing a few
during the capture) the British soldiers who killed the American military leader John
Dooley.
43.Why was the Battle of Kettle Creek important to the Georgia militia? American forces captured
weapons and needed supplies. It was also helped boost the morale of the American troops and helped build
their confidence.
44.What was the outcome of the siege of Savannah during the American Revolution? Lost control for
Savannah for 3 and half years. Was one of the bloodiest battles of the American Revolution. Major defeat
for the American forces and meant the loss of a major sea port
45.What was America’s first government after the revolution?
a. Articles of Confederation
b. What was wrong with this government? Most of the power was held by the states. It had no
judicial branch and no true executive. Laws were seldom binding. Had no power to tax,
could not raise an army, and could not regulate trade between the states or with other
countries. The national government also could not mint money, so there was no national
currency; many people were using British money.
46.Describe Georgia’s 1777 constitution. Set up a unicameral legislature - one house. The legislature had
most of the power and chose the governor who only served a one-year and had to answer to an executive
council.
47.Which Georgians signed the US constitution? Abraham Baldwin and William Few
Chapter 6 pages 168-205
48.When was the University of Georgia founded? 1785 - It was the first state university in the country and
the first land grant university.
49.Describe the Yazoo land fraud. Government officials were bribed to sale land Georgia’s western lands
for a very low price to real estate companies. This led to Georgia losing control of all the land it claimed
west of the Chattahoochee River. In the settlement of the Yazoo Land fraud Georgia lost the opportunity to
make money from the land and grow its population, but did receive a promise from the US government that
the Native American Tribes would be removed from the state, thus eventually leading to the Trail of Tears.
50.What two systems did Georgia use to give away Indian lands to new settlers?
a.
Headright system: The Male head of a household would be given 1000 acres. They
could choose the land they wanted. Mainly used for Creek Indian land east of the Oconee River
b.
Land Lottery: people purchased chances to win land. The land was surveyed into
land lots by the state. The land you received was based on the luck of the draw and there was a chance
you might not win land. Used for Cherokee land and other area west of the Oconee River.
51.Who invented the cotton gin and what did the machine do? Eli Whitney and the cotton gin separated the
cottonseeds from the cotton fibers many times faster than workers could do by hand.
52.How did the cotton gin affect the US? Faster cotton production led to increased profits from cotton
production and thus created an increase in the demand for land and slaves in the south. Cotton became the
dominant industry in the south, thus cotton became known as King Cotton.
53.What discovery in GA led to the removal of the Cherokee? Gold
54.Describe the court case Worcester v. Georgia. Samuel Worcester was the missionary, schoolteacher, and
postmaster at New Echota, the capitol of the Cherokee Nation. Whites were ordered to by the state of
Georgia to get a permit from the state and take an oath to follow Georgia’s laws or leave the Cherokee
Nation. Worcester refused to do this and was arrested by the state of Georgia. He sued, claiming that
Georgia could not enforce laws with the Cherokee Nation. The US Supreme Court eventually heard the
case. The Court ruled in Worcester’s favor and order the state of Georgia to leave the Cherokee alone.
President Andrew Jackson refused to enforce the Court’s ruling.
55.What was the Cherokee removal called? Trail of Tears
56.What federal legislation allowed the government to remove the Native American tribes form the
Southeast? Indian removal act
57.Who were the following people and how did they affect Indian removal?
a. Alexander McGillivray- signed treaty of New York and gave up all creek land of east of the
Oconee River.
b. William McIntosh- sold Creek land without the tribe’s permission and then he was killed
c. Sequoyah- Created the Cherokee written language. It is a syllabary - symbols that represent
whole syllables.
d. John Ross- The chief of the Cherokee Nation who protested against Indian Removal.
Rossville, GA and Ross’s Landing in Chattanooga are his namesakes.
e. Samuel Worcester- He was the missionary, schoolteacher, and postmaster at New Echota,
the capitol of the Cherokee Nation. Was arrested by Georgia because he would get a permit
or take the oath required by Georgia to live in the Cherokee Nation. He was instrumental in
setting up the Cherokee Phoenix Newspaper.
f. Andrew Jackson- President of the United States. He refused to obey a Supreme Court order
and forced the removal of Native Americans from Georgia.
g. John Marshall- The Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court who wrote the decision for the
Worcester v. Georgia case
Chapter 7 pages 206-251
58.What were the following things and how did they help cause the Civil War?
a. States rights- Rights that states. Southern states claimed that issues such as tariffs and
slavery fell under states rights and could not be dictated by the Federal Government
b. Slavery- Forced labor. The United States practiced chattel slavery, which meant the slave
was the property of the owner. Southerners believed that their agrarian economy would
collapse with out slavery. Many northerners opposed slavery on moral grounds. Many of
the disagreements between northern and southern states in the mid 1800’s centered on
slavery.
c. Nullification- Southern states threatened to refuse to follow federal laws because they did
not agree with them.
d. The Georgia Platform- Georgia agreed to abide by the Compromise of 1850, but insisted
that the fugitive slave act must be enforced and said that Georgia would secede from the
Union if the government attempted to end slavery. The Georgia Platform helped convince
other southern states to agree to the Compromise of 1850.
e. Sectionalism- The belief that your region of the country is better, and that your needs are
more important than the needs of other regions.
f. Missouri Compromise- This 1820 compromise allowed Missouri to enter the union as a
slave state and admitted Maine as a free state. The compromise also said that future states
that were north of Missouri’s southern border would be free states and those south of its
southern border would be slave states.
g. Compromise of 1850- Allowed California to become a free state without a slave state being
admitted to the union at the same time. Would allow Utah and New Mexico to vote on the
issue of slavery, ended slave trading in Washington DC, and said that Texas would not
annex New Mexico. It also enacted a very strong fugitive slave law, which stated a runaway
slave could be recaptured any where in the US and returned to their owner.
h. Kansas-Nebraska Act- Kansas and Nebraska got to vote if they would become a slave or
free state. The voting led to fighting in Kansas, due to this Kansas became known as
bleeding Kansas. This showed how passionate many American were about the slavery
issue.
i. Dred Scott Case- Dred Scott was a slave who was carried by his owner into a free state,
prompting Scott to sue for his freedom. The US Supreme Court ruled against Scott, saying
that slaves were not citizens, therefore he could not sue and the court also ruled that slaves
were the property of their owners and could be taken anywhere their owners went. This
essentially voided many anti-slavery laws in the north, angering many northerners.
j. Election of 1860- Abraham Lincoln, who was a republican, was elected president. He was
not even on the ballot in many southern states. Most southerners did not like the republicans
because their platform offered nothing to help the south and even included things that could
hurt the south such as limiting the spread of slavery. Many southern states were very angry
at Lincoln’s election and began to discuss secession.
59.What role did Alexander Stephens play in Georgia’s discussions about secession? What position did he
have in the confederate government? Stephens was a congressman for Georgia. He urged Georgian to not
secede from the US. He encouraged them to wait and see if Abraham Lincoln did anything wrong as
president before they reacted and suggested that if Lincoln did break the law he could be impeached. Once
Georgia did seceded from the US Stephens became the Vice President of the Confederate States of
America (CSA)
Chapter 8 pages 252-291
60.Why was each of the following Civil War battles, documents, or places important?
a. Battle of Antietam- Fought in September of 1862 when Southern General Robert E. Lee
took his army north into Maryland. Named after the Creek that flowed through the
battlefield. Bloodiest single day, a draw, Abraham Lincoln was able to change it to be like
the North won using propaganda. He used this “victory” as a chance to announce the
Emancipation Proclamation.
b. Emancipation Proclamation- Ended slavery in states that were rebelling. Announced after
the battle of Antietam. Lincoln announced that any part of the country that did not
surrendered before January 1, 1863 would have their slaves freed when they were defeated.
c. Battle of Gettysburg- 3 day battle that led to the Gettysburg Address. It was a major Union
victory. The southern army was seriously weakened from the 3 days of fighting. This battle
is considered a turning point in the war.
d. Battle of Chickamauga- Two day battle in 1863 fought in North Georgia, which Forced
union back into Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was a Southern victory, but the southern
General failed to pursue the Northern army, which was allowed to occupy Chattanooga and
rebuild its strength. The Union Army would later break out of Chattanooga and begin a
campaign to gain control of Atlanta.
e. Union blockade of Georgia’s Coast- The Union navy prevented ships from entering southern
ports and worked to take over southern port cities, thus cutting the south off from needed
supplies that had to be imported because the south was lacking industry.
f. Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign- All the battles between Chattanooga and Atlanta during
1864. General Sherman’s goal was to capture Atlanta and destroy its rail yards and industry.
g. Sherman’s March to the Sea- Destroyed all military targets and civilian economic system
that supported confederate military between Atlanta and Savannah during 1864. March
covered over 300 miles and was close to 60 miles wide. It began with the burning of Atlanta
in November and ended with the surrender of Savannah in December. Sherman sent a
telegram to President Lincoln saying that Savannah was his Christmas gift.
h. Andersonville- considered to be the worst Confederate Prisoner of War (P.O.W.) camp
during the Civil War. Its official name was Camp Sumter, but it is known as Andersonville
because of the nearby town. It was built for around 10,000 prisoners, but in less than a year
over 45,000 prisoners were held there. Almost 13,000 of those prisoners died from exposure
to the elements, disease, poor sanitation, limited health care, and cruelty. The prison’s
commander, Captain Henry Wriz was executed for war crimes after the war.
Chapter 9-11 pages 292-417
61. What was the Freedman’s Bureau? Government agency designed to help freed slaves living in the south
after the American Civil War. This agency provided housing, clothing, food, and education.
62. What was the difference between a Sharecropper and a Tenant Farmer?
a. Sharecropper has to rent land, supplies, animals, tools, and buys what they need until the
crop is harvested. They most often ended up in a debt cycle that tied them to the landowner.
They paid with a share of the crop, hence the name.
b. Tenant Farmers often owned tools and animals but had to rent land.
63.
What were the three Reconstruction plans and how were they different?
• Lincoln-Most southerners had to take a simple oath of allegiance to get a pardon, but highranking military and political leaders had to apply to the president for a pardoned. Once 10% of
a state’s voters took the oath the state would be allowed to reenter the Union and elect
congressmen.
• Johnson- Same as Lincoln but enlarged group who had to ask the president for a pardoned to
include those with property worth more than $20,000. States had to also ratify the 13th
Amendment to the Constitution and could not pay back certain war debts.
• Congress- all of the above plus had to Ratify 14th amendment and to keep civil rights for newly
freed slaves. Also had to write new state constitutions, which granted voting rights to blacks.
64.
What was the Ku Klux Kan and how did it affect the state of Georgia during reconstruction?
Was a terrorist hate group, which used violence to prevent freedmen from exercising their new rights.
65. Who was Henry McNeal Turner? One of the first African Americans elected to Georgia’s General
Assembly.
66. What did the following Constitutional amendments do?
a. 13th- Ended of Slavery
b. 14th- Gave Citizenship to freed slaves
c. 15th- Gave all men of age the right to vote.
d. 18th - Prohibited to Sale, Production, and Use of Alcohol.
e. 19th- Gave Women the right vote.
67. What was the Bourbon Triumvirate? Name given to 3 Georgian (Joseph Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt,
John B. Gordon) political leaders during the Progressive Era. These men severed as the state’s
governor and congressmen. They were credited with helping the state economically, but did not
help the less fortunate in Georgia and even profited from state programs such as the convict lease
system
68. Who was Henry Grady? Was a UGA graduate, journalist who worked for several different
newspapers and was the Managing Editor and part owner of the Atlanta Constitution, was a public
speaker who travel the country giving speeches, helped found Georgia Tech, helped plan the
International Cotton Exposition, and created the phrase “New South”
69. Who was Tom Watson? A populist congressman who introduced the rural free delivery bill
(delivered mail to rural homes free of charge). He later became a white supremacist who would add
to the fire of racial hatred in the south.
70. What caused the 1906 race riots in Atlanta? False newspaper allegations against African
Americans.
71. Who was Leo Frank? A Jewish man who was accused of killing Mary Phagan. He was lynched
despite evidence that he was innocent of the crime. The fact he was a Jew helped lead to his
conviction and murder.
72. What was the International Cotton Exposition? Showcased the southern economic growth and
industries. Held in Atlanta.
73. Who were William and Rebecca Felton? Couple from Cartersville, GA. who worked against the
Bourbon Triumvirate. Rebecca would be the first woman to server in congress. They worked
against the convict lease system and worked with the temperance movement and women’s suffrage
movement.
74. What was the county unit system and what part of Georgia did it give political power to? When did
the county unit system end? It was a system used to decide who won primary elections in Georgia.
The system gave counties a certain number of votes based on population, but due to the fact that
rural counties out numbered urban counties it allowed rural counties to decide elections. It ended in
1962.
75. What was the Populist Party? The Populist party was a political party formed in 1891 when the
Farmer’s Alliance joined forces with Labor Unions that wanted the 8 hour work day, a graduated
income tax, restrictions on immigration, government ownership of railroads and telephone and
telegraph services, direct elections of senators, reduced tariffs, and the use of Australian Ballot
(secret ballot) in elections.
76. What was the New South? Phrase used to persuade businesses to come to the new south.
Supporters of the New South wanted the south to industrialize, wanted to grow southern cities, and
improve farming by the use of technology and crop diversification.
77. What were Jim Crow laws? Laws that established separate but equal facilities. Segregation laws.
78. What methods did Georgia use to keep blacks from voting? Gerry Mandering, Grandfather Clause,
Literacy test, and Poll Tax.
79. What did the US Supreme court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson and what did this lead to in the US?
1896 case in which the court ruled states could require separate facilities as long as they were equal.
80. Who were the following people:
a. Booker T. Washington- Founded the Tuskegee Institute, and was a civil rights “activist”
who encouraged blacks to not protest and find a way to make segregation work for them.
b. W.E.B. DuBois- Professor of Atlanta University. Disagreed with Booker T. Washington.
Called for blacks to protest and use lawsuits to gain rights. Wanted at least the top 10% of
African American students to get a college education. Helped found the NAACP.
c. John and Lugenia Burns Hope- Black children treated as a plantation owners son, and later a
civil rights leader. Worked with W.E.B. DuBois and also helped found the NAACP.
d. Alonzo Herndon- Owned barbershop and the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company. Was one
of the richest people in Atlanta.
81. How did Georgia Benefit from World War One and World War Two? Jobs and business from the
Bell Bomber
82.
How did the boll weevil and the drought affect Georgia in the 1920’s? The boll weevil damaged
cotton crops. This damaged the economy in many southern states and led many farmers to begin
planting other crops.
83.
What caused the Great Depression? Give at least 3 causes. Over production, too much credit,
inflation, Drought, and Stock Market crash.
84.
What was the New Deal? Programs FDR set up to help the U.S. to get out of the depression. The
New Deal may have made the Great Depression easier to deal with, but did not end it. The ramp up of
production for World War Two ended the Great Depression.
85.
What were the following New Deal programs and how did they affect Georgia?
a. CCC- Civilian Conservation Corps: Put young men to work building roads, working on soil
conservation, fighting forest fires, Planting trees, and building state and federal parks.
Helped build Vogal State park and did work at Fort Mountain Park.
b. AAA- Agriculture Adjustment Act: Paid farmers to not produce as much crops to help end
over production and raise farm prices so the farmers could make enough money.
c. REA- Rural Electrification Act: Loaned money to farmers’ cooperatives to extend power
lines into rural areas and buy power wholesale
d. SSA- Social Security Act: provided retirement and unemployment funds for people,
especially the elderly.
86. Who was Eugene Talmadege? The wild man of Sugar Creek. One of Georgia’s former governors/
white supremacist
a. How many times was he elected as Georgia’s Governor? 4, but only served 3 (died before he
was sworn into office the last time)
b. How did his actions as governor affect Georgia? Refused to use New Deal funds correctly,
ran the state like a dictator and his white supremacist views lost Georgia’s colleges their
accreditation.
87. What was lend-lease? Allowed the U.S to lend or lease weapons to countries who were fighting
Germany such as Great Britain and the Soviet Union
88. What attack brought the US into World War Two? Bombing of Pearl Harbor
89. What was FDR’s connection with Georgia? Warm Springs
Chapters 12-13 pages 418-495
90. What was the three governor’s episode? When Eugene Talmadge died before sworn into office and
three different people thought they had the right to be governor.
91. What did the US Supreme Court rule in Brown v. Board of Education? Ended segregation.
92. When was the St. Andrews Cross placed on the state flag? Why? 1956 to show their displeasures of
desegregation
93. Who was Martin Luther King, Jr.? Civil Rights Leader who supported a non-violent
movement/protests.
94. How did the end of the county unit system and reapportionment affect the state of Georgia? Changed
how our votes were counted and government officials elected. Shifted political power from the rural
areas to the cities.
95. Jimmy Carter was elected to what three political offices? Governor, Senator, President
96. Who were Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter? First 2 blacks in the university of Georgia
97. What was the Albany Movement? Desegregation movement and protests in Albany Georgia
98. What was the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)? An organization founded in
1960 to coordinate and publicize sit- ins and other protests during the civil rights movement.
99. Describe the Civil Rights March on Washington. A march in Washington led by Martin Luther King
Jr. led to the civil rights act. MLK gave his I have a dream speech during the final moments to the
protest.
100. Describe the Civil Rights Act. Act signed into law by President Johnson to end segregation and
discrimination.
101. How has Georgia’s population changed in recent years? Baby boom in 1950’s, large amount of 65
year olds also many new immigrants.
102. What two segments of the population are the fastest growing? Senior citizens and Hispanics
103. What did the Sibley Commission do? They held hearings all over the state about integration.
Determined that Georgians would rather close the public school than to end segregation.
104. How did the 1996 Olympic Games help the state of Georgia? It brought global exposure, tourists, and
money
105. How did the following people impact Georgia?
a. Herman Talmadge- Governor and Senator who helped improve education.
b. Benjamin Mays- Was the president of Morehouse college for 27 years, worked with the
NAACP, YMCA, the United Negro College Fund, the Urban League, and the Peace
Corps Advisory Committee, etc... At Morehouse he mentored MLK, Jr. Was a member
of the Atlanta Board of Education and was the president of the board.
c. Maynard Jackson- 1st black mayor of Atlanta, helped improve the airport and to bring the
Olympics to Atlanta.
d. Lester Maddox- Segregationist restaurant owner who was elected Governor and then
Lieutenant Governor, but he appointed more African Americans to the state board and
commissions, increased teacher salary and higher education.
e. Andrew Young- Georgia political leader: was a civil rights leader, congressman, ambassador
to the UN, and Atlanta’s mayor. Was instrumental in bringing the Olympics to Atlanta.
f. Ellis Arnall- He was governor in 1942, granted 18 year olds the right to vote, and served the
first 4-year term. He helped fix many of the things Eugene Talmadge messed up, like the
university system.
Chapters 14-15 pages 496-586
106. What are the three levels of government? Federal, state, local
107. What are the three branches of government? Legislative, judicial, and executive
108. What is the purpose of our government having a system of checks and balances as well as a separation
of powers? So no branch has all the power.
109. What are the two houses of the Georgia General Assembly? Senate and House of Representatives
110. Describe the process of a bill becoming a law.
111. Tell each of the following qualifications for the governor, the state senate, and the state house of
representatives:
Minimum Age
US Citizen for how
many years
Resident of GA for
how many years
Term of office
Governor and Lt.
Governor
30
15
6
4 years
State Senate
25
2
1
2 years
State House of
Representatives
21
2
1
2 years
112. What is the job of each branch of government? Legislative makes laws, Executive enforces laws,
and judicial interprets laws.
113.What is the job of legislative committees? Reviews and studies bills before presenting them to the
whole house for a vote.
114. Describe Georgia’s court system.
115.What is the difference between juvenile justice system and the adult justice system? Juvenile
court is for people under 17. Juvenile court is designed help protect juveniles and make sure
they have guidance they need. Juveniles are not arrested, they are taken into custody, often to
be released to their parents and monitored by the court. Unruly youths or status offenders break
laws based on their age, Juvenile Delinquents do things that are illegal for even adults and can
end up in a detention center (YDC).
116.
What is the difference between a criminal case and a civil case?
A. Civil Case- Between a person versus a person – suing, normally over money. Could also
include divorce.
B. Criminal Case- State versus a person involves a crime. Some one could go to jail.
117. What are the two types of local government in Georgia? County and city
118. Why a special-purpose government sometimes is needed? Special-purpose districts are a form of
local government created for a single job or single group of tasks. They are sometimes needed because
they can barrow more money for expensive projects and can charge fees to pay off debt or help cover
operating costs, such as recreation programs, public transportation, water service, etc… School systems
are also special-purpose governments.
119.Georgia has _159______ counties.
120.How do we pay for government? Give at least three examples. Taxes, licenses, fees, fines, etc.
121.What is the voting age in Georgia? 18
122.What is a general election? An election held in November in at least every even-numbered year
to choose major federal and state officials
123.What are the three forms of city government and what are the major differences between each?
Council-Manager Form
Council-Manager Form
Council-Manager
Form
124.What are Georgia’s major natural resources? Clay products such as Kaolin, Rock such as
marble and granite, forest products such as pine trees.
125.List in order, the cities that have been Georgia’s capital. Savannah, Augusta, Louisville,
Milledgeville, Atlanta