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Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Chapter 17 Sec. 4
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Theodore Roosevelt
ì 1901 Theodore Roosevelt is elected
ì Reputation as smart, energetic and opinionated
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Theodore Roosevelt
ì Harvard graduate in 1880
ì Spent time in the New York Assembly
ì Retires and moves out West
ì Returned to politics by 1889
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Theodore Roosevelt
ì Gains fame by fighting corruption as the president of New
York City’s Board of Police Commissioners
ì Named Assistant Secretary of Navy by President McKinley
ì Resigned to form Rough Riders
ì Volunteer cavalry during Spanish American War
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Rough Riders
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Theodore Roosevelt
ì Elected Governor of New York after the war
ì Pushes Progressive reforms
ì New York Republicans do not like Roosevelt
ì Convince McKinley to make him his running mate
ì McKinley wins 1900 election
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Theodore Roosevelt
ì McKinley is assassinated a few months later
ì Roosevelt dominated public attention
ì Journalists fought for interviews with him
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Theodore Roosevelt
ì Square Deal- goals of program were to keep wealthy and
powerful from taking advantage of the poor and small
business owners
ì Did not mean everyone could get rich or the government
should take care of the lazy
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ì McKinley wins 1900 election
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Theodore Roosevelt
ì McKinley is assassinated a few months later
ì Roosevelt dominated public attention
ì Journalists fought for interviews with him
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Theodore Roosevelt
ì Square Deal- goals of program were to keep wealthy and
powerful from taking advantage of the poor and small
business owners
ì Did not mean everyone could get rich or the government
should take care of the lazy
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Theodore Roosevelt
ì “When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to give
every man the best hand. If good cards do not come to every
man, or if they do come, and he has got the power to play
them, that is his affair. All I mean us that there shall be no
crookedness in the dealing” -Roosevelt 1905
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Trustbusting and Regulating Industry
ì 1902 Pennsylvania coal miners strike
ì Miners wanted a short workday and a pay raise
ì Threatened to send in Federal troops to take control of the
mine
ì Example of how Roosevelt takes control of labor disputes
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Trustbusting and Regulating Industry
ì Roosevelt establishes Department of Commerce and Labor
ì Monitor business
ì Keep capitalist from abusing their power
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Trust-busting and Regulating Industry
ì Interstate Commerce Commission ICC- 1887
ì Created to over see railroad charges for shipments
ì ICC loses power
ì Railways could charge whatever they wanted for shipments
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Trust-busting and Regulating Industry
ì Elkins Act- 1903
ì Imposed fines on railroads that gave special rates
ì Hepburn Act- 1906
ì Gives ICC strong enforcement powers
ì Authority to to government to set prices
ì Shipping cost, Tolls, and Ferries
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Trust-busting and Regulating Industry
ì Fights larger “bad” trusts
ì Does not see big business as bad- only when smaller
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Trust-busting and Regulating Industry
ì Elkins Act- 1903
ì Imposed fines on railroads that gave special rates
ì Hepburn Act- 1906
ì Gives ICC strong enforcement powers
ì Authority to to government to set prices
ì Shipping cost, Tolls, and Ferries
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Trust-busting and Regulating Industry
ì Fights larger “bad” trusts
ì Does not see big business as bad- only when smaller
companies are bullied
ì Supporters called him a “trust-tamer”
ì Wealthy Progressives did not like his trust busting
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Trust-busting and Regulating Industry
ì Meat Inspection Act- 1906
ì Agents can inspect meats sold across state lines
ì Inspection of meat packing plants
ì Still in effect today
ì Food will be recalled by government and pulled from the
shelves
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Trust-busting and Regulating Industry
ì Pure Food and Drug Act
ì Controls on food and medication
ì Banned mislabeling of food and drugs
ì Today we have the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
ì Drug must to tested by FDA before it can be sold
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Government Manages the Environment
ì Roosevelt is an environmentalist
ì Pleased to see the creation of Yellowstone National Park
(1872) and Yosemite National Park (1890)
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Government Manages the Environment
ì 1891- Congress gives power to the President to set aside
timberlands to be protected
ì Roosevelt closes off more than 100 million acres
ì Believed not all lands should be preserved
ì Plan to conserve and use forest land
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Government Manages the Environment
ì Gifford Pinchot- Rational use
ì Led Department of Agriculture
ì View was to preserve the lands until needed for human use,
not to help or protect animals
ì Idea becomes the policy toward natural resources
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timberlands to be protected
ì Roosevelt closes off more than 100 million acres
ì Believed not all lands should be preserved
ì Plan to conserve and use forest land
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Government Manages the Environment
ì Gifford Pinchot- Rational use
ì Led Department of Agriculture
ì View was to preserve the lands until needed for human use,
not to help or protect animals
ì Idea becomes the policy toward natural resources
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Government Manages the Environment
ì Water is a highly controversial issue
ì Native American’s used different irrigation systems
ì More water is needed as mining and farming grow
ì Roosevelt pushes congress for a law for reserves to hold and
control water
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Government Manages the Environment
ì National Reclamation Act- 1902
ì Gave federal government control over where and how water
would be distributed
ì Creation of the Salt Valley Project in Arizona, Roosevelt Dam
and hoover Dam
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