Science Module Form 1- Chapter 4
CHAPTER 4 : THE VARIOUS RESOURCES
ON EARTH
Importance of water to humans
and animal :
Carries nutrients to all cells
in our body.
Removes waste (urea) in the
urine and sweat.
Dissolves chemicals for
metabolic activities in cells.
Comprises 90% of the cell’s
protoplasm.
Importance of water to plants:
Makes food during
photosynthesis.
Transports organic material
(glucose).
Supports aquatic plants to
stand in water.
Importance of soil :
Habitat for living things.
Humus fertilizes the soil and
suitable for farming.
Contains mineral salts
needed for the growth and
development of plants.
Found in the soil.
Importance of mineral :
Steel is used for constructions
Copper is used to make electric cables.
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Importance of living things to
human :
Provides food as source of
energy to carry out living
process.
Provides building material.
Provides clothes to protect
body from cold and heat.
Importance of oxygen :
For respiration of living cell.
Needed in burning.
Importance of carbon dioxide :
Produces food during
photosynthesis.
Composition in fire
extinguishers.
Importance of nitrogen :
Produces fertilizers.
Fills light bulbs to prevent the
filament from oxidation.
Example : Coal, petroleum and
natural gas.
Used to generate electricity in
power station.
Burning of fossil fuels provide
energy to vehicles.
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Science Module Form 1- Chapter 4
CHARACTERISTICS
A substance which made up of only one type of atom , cannot be broken down into
any simpler substances by chemical or physical method.
Atom – elements consist of individual particles.
- examples : Copper, Aluminium, Zink, Iron, Gold.
Molecule – elements consist of combined atoms of the same type.
- examples : Oxygen gas, hydrogen gas.
METALS
NON- METALS
PROPERTIES
Good electrical conductors
Good heat conductors
High melting points
Shiny appearance
High densities
Malleable
Ductile
Sonorous
Examples : Aluminium,
Copper, Zink, Iron.
PROPERTIES
Gold,
USES
Copper – makes water pipes and
electrical cables.
Gold - as jewellery.
Aluminium – makes air craft body.
Iron – makes cooking utensils.
Tin – as coating of food cans.
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Poor electrical conductors
Poor heat conductors
Low melting points
Dull appearance
Low densities
Brittle
Non-ductile
Non- sonorous
Examples : Bromine, Sulphur,
Carbon, Phosphorus, Iodine.
USES
Carbon – as pencil leads
Diamond - cut glass and make
jewelleries.
Sulphur – firecrackers and tyres.
Nitrogen – fertilizers.
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Science Module Form 1- Chapter 4
DEFINATION
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES
Sugar
Sand
Carbon dioxide
Salt
Chalk
Compound
Elements present
Sodium chloride Sodium, chlorine
(salt)
Copper sulphate Copper,
sulfur,
oxygen
Calcium
Calcium,
carbon,
carbonate
oxygen
(chalk)
Petrol
Hydrogen, carbon
Sand
Silicone, oxygen
Sugar
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon dioxide
carbon, oxygen
Water
Hydrogen , oxygen
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Compound are substances
made up of two or more
elements
which
are
chemically combined.
Molecule is the smallest
particle in a compound.
Examples : A water molecule
is made up of two hydrogen
atoms and one oxygen atom.
PROPERTIES
Formed by chemical reaction
which involve exchange of
energy.
Properties of compound
differs from the properties of
its constituents elements.
The compound can only be
broken down into its
elements by chemical
methods such as
electrolysis.
The elements in a compound
are joined together in a
definite ratio.
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Science Module Form 1- Chapter 4
DEFINATION
A mixture consist of two or more substances that have been combined physically.
Mixtures can be formed by mixing
Different elements
Different compounds
Elements and compounds
Examples : air, soil, orange juice, sea water, milk and etc.
PROPERTIES
Formed by physical methods which does not involved chemical reactions
Properties of constituents in a mixture is preserved.
Can be separated easily through physical methods.
The substances in a mixture can be mixed in indefinite ratio.
EXAMPLES OF MIXTURES AND THEIR COMPONENTS
Mixture
Air
Orange juice
Sea water
Brass (alloy)
Blood
Steel
Coins
Coffee drink
Components
Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, dust, rare gases,
microorganisms.
Orange juice, water, sugar
Water, mineral salts
Copper, zinc
Plasma, blood cells, nutrients, waste products.
Iron, carbon
Copper, nickel, tin
Coffee powder, water, milk, sugar
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Science Module Form 1- Chapter 4
MIXTURE SEPARATING TECHNIQUES
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Science Module Form 1- Chapter 4
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMPOUND AND
MIXTURES
COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
Aspect
Formed through chemical
methods
Formed new substances
Absorbed or release
heat energy
Formation method
Formed through physical
methods
New substances
formation
Does not form new
substances
Does not absorb or
release heat energy
Energy changes
Combines in fixed
ratio
Combination ratio of
substances
Cannot be identified
Identification of
constituents
Differ from the
compounds
Properties of
constituents
Preserved
Can use chemical
method
Separation technique of
constituents
Can use physical
method
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Combines in any ratio
Easily identified
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