Technical analysis and diagramming
exercises
2nd year of the first cycle
Corrected version
Name: ________________________
June 2010
By a team made up of:
Madame Isabelle Lafrance, pedagogical counsellor at the commission scolaire Coeur-des-Vallées
Madame Rina Racine, teacher at the commission scolaire des Portages-de-l’Outaouais
Madame Jocelyne St-Louis, teacher at the commission scolaire des Portages-de-l’Outaouais
Monsieur Bruno Pomerleau, teacher at the commission scolaire des Portages-de-l’Outaouais
Monsieur Stéphane Carpentier, teacher at the commission scolaire des Portages-de-l’Outaouais
Madame Violette Routhier, pedagogical counsellor at the commission scolaire des Portages-de-l’Outaouais
in collaboration with the
Centre de développement pédagogique
WORKING DOCUMENT
Rules of diagramming
Complete the sentences using the words below:
proportion – elements – colour – links – view – simple lines - parts –
symbols – forces - movement
1- Choosing the best view to represent the object.
2- Represent the object by simple lines.
3- Name the various parts of the object.
4- Use symbols to represent the operating principles.
5- Represent the forces using arrows.
6- Represent the links and the guidance.
7- Use colour to represent the various parts of the object.
8- Represent the movement of the parts using appropriate symbols.
9- Indicate the critical elements.
10- Retain a certain proportion between the various parts.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Technological analysis of the graduated cylinder
Global function of the object:
Measures the volume of various liquids to the closest
millimetre.
Analysis of the object
Observe the object and answer the following questions:
1- What are the various parts of the object? What is their use?
A glass graduated cylinder, graduated in millimetres, used for measuring liquids.
The removable safety ring protects the graduated cylinder if it is knocked over.
The base allows the cylinder to stand in the vertical position.
2- What are the various materials used in the object?
Glass is used for the cylinder.
The base and the safety ring are plastic.
3- What is the purpose of the gradation printed on the object?
It allows you to precisely measure the volume of a liquid in millimetres.
4- What are the characteristics of the link between the safety ring and the
graduated glass tube?
It is a direct link, elastic, removable and partial.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Complete the principles diagram of the graduated cylinder
1- Carry out the principles diagram of the graduated cylinder.
Cylinder
TD
(EX)
20º C
mL
100
90
Index
Tight
link
Graduations
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Anti-roll base
Tight
link
Prismatic
shape
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PRINCIPLES DIAGRAM
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Technological analysis of the clothesline spacer
Global function of the object:
Allows you to bring the two lines of a clothesline loop together.
Analysis of the object
Observe the object and answer the following questions:
1- Is there a simple machine as the basis of this object?
The wheel (pulleys) is present in the object.
2- Of what material is this object made? Specify an advantage to using this
material in the make up of the object.
This object is made out of plastic. It is inexpensive.
3- What is the role of the deflectors under the pulleys?
The deflectors prevent the line from getting stuck between the pulleys and the
flange.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Complete the principles diagram of the clothesline spacer
1- Draw the pulleys.
2- Connect the parts of the object to the elements on the diagram.
SITUATION DIAGRAM FOR THE SPACER
Axle
Clothesline
Slit to insert
the line
Flange
Deflector
Pulley
Pivot link
(pulley rotating
around its
axle)
Legend
Complete
link
PRINCIPLES DIAGRAM
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Technological analysis of the eyelash curler
Global function of the object:
Curl the eyelashes upwards by pressing them, using two
fingers.
Analysis of the object
Observe the object and answer the following questions:
1- Is there a simple machine as a basis for this object? Specify which one.
A Class 1 lever.
2- What are the characteristics of the link between the short and long arms?
Indirect link, rigid, fixed and partial.
3- What are the characteristics of the "short arm - press" pivot link.
Direct link, rigid, fixed and partial.
4- What is the role of the rubberised strip?
It curls the lashes without breaking them.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Complete the principles diagram of the eyelash curler
1- Complete the diagram using a face view.
Lash
Additional top
view
Rubberised
strip
Cils
Eyelid
Lash rest
Lash
es
Press
In reality,
this part
oscillates
slightly
Pivot link
short arm / press
Pivot link
short arm / long arm
Long arm
Short arm
PRINCIPLES DIAGRAM
Face view
F1
F2
Right view
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Technological analysis of the garlic press
Global function of the object:
Press one or more cloves of garlic to crush them and
extract the flesh and juice, while withholding the skin.
Analysis of the object
Observe the object and answer the following questions:
1- Is there a simple machine as a basis for this object? Specify which one.
A Class 2 lever.
2- What are the characteristics of the link between the two levers?
Indirect link, rigid, fixed and partial.
3- Where is the force of action applied in this object?
The force of action is applied on the handles.
4- Where is the resistance force in this object?
The force of resistance is caused by the clove of garlic when it is crushed.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Complete the principles diagram of the garlic press
1- Draw the press.
2- Draw the rotation guidance for the handles.
F1
Upper
handle
Press
F2
Perforated
cup
Garlic
clove
Lower
handle
Crushed
garlic
clove
Garlic press with upper handle folded down
PRINCIPLES DIAGRAM
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Technological analysis of the drafting compass
Global function of the object:
The compass is used to draw circles on flat surfaces using a
pencil.
Analysis of the object
Observe the object and answer the following questions:
1- What method is used to keep the pencil in place while tracing?
The geared areas.
2- How is the pencil affixed to the compass?
The pencil is slid into the pencil holder and a screw immobilises it.
3- What type of movement is associated to the screw?
Helical movement.
4- What is the use of the drypoint?
Allows the compass to pivot around a fixed point.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Complete the principles diagram of the drafting compass
1- Complete the enlarged view of the tightening mechanism for the pencil.
The geared areas
prevent the
illustrated effect
Enlarged top view
of the pivot stem and the
applied forces
F2
F1
Geared areas
Pivot stem
Tightened pivot
link, ensuring
rotation and
spreading
guidance for the
arms
Partial enlarged view
of the pivot links for the
spreading mechanism of
the arms
des branches
Branches
Pencil
Screw
Pencil holder
Drypoint
Partial enlarged view
of the screw tightening
mechanism
PRINCIPLES DIAGRAM
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Technological analysis of the garden cutters
Global function of the object:
Allows you to cut small branches with a single hand while
trimming bushes.
Analysis of the object
Observe the object and answer the following questions:
1- What type of link is there between the handle and the blade?
Direct link, rigid, fixed and complete.
2- Is there a simple machine in the construction of this object? If so, specify
which.
A Class 1 lever.
3- What is the use of the compression spring?
Allows the jaws of the blade to be spread when not pressing the handles
together.
4- What type of link is there between the two blades?
Indirect link, rigid, removable and partial.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Complete the principles diagram of the garden cutters
1- Complete the principles diagram.
Blade
F1
Upper
handle
Compression spring
Jaw
Pivot
link
Planar
link
Lower
handle
Garden cutters in cutting position
F2
Pressure from the
compressed spring
on the handles
Garden cutters closed in re-opening or unblocking
position (see following diagrams)
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Technological analysis of the pressure clamp
Global function of the object:
Permettre de serrer ensemble des objets temporairement
(Épaisseurs variables selon la dimension de la pince ).
Analysis of the object
Observe the object and answer the following questions:
1- What type of link is there between the two parts of the pressure clamp?
Indirect link, rigid, removable and partial.
2- Is there a simple machine in the construction of this object? If so, which
one?
A Class 1 lever when the clamp is clamping an object and a Class 2 lever when the
clamp is closed.
3- What type of link is there between the bits and the jaws?
Direct link, rigid, removable nad partial.
4- What is the role of the tension spring in this object?
The spring ensures that the handles spring closed when the pressure on them is
released.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Complete the principles diagram of the pressure clamp
1- Complete the principles diagram by drawing the torsion spring.
Jaw
Pivot link
ensuring the
rotation
guidance of
the levers
F1
Handle
Bit
Tension
spring
Pivot link
ensuring the
rotation
guidance of
the bits
Clamp in CLOSED position (at rest)
Clamp in OPEN position (clamping)
F2
PRINCIPLES DIAGRAM
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Technological analysis of the pepper mill
Global function of the object:
Grind the peppercorns into fine granules using a single
hand.
Analysis of the object
Observe the object and answer the following questions:
1- What is the role of the compression spring in this object?
Allows the abrasive stem to ascend to its initial position.
2- Why is the reservoir transparent?
To allow the user to see how much pepper remains.
3- Why is the stem knurled?
The knurling abrades the peppercorns into smaller granules, which fall from the
opening below.
4- What type of movement does the stem make when the object is functioning?
It makes a translation movement.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Complete the principles diagram of the pepper mill
1- Draw the compression spring using the appropriate symbol.
2- Draw the guidance of the stem.
F1
Finger rest
Compression spring
Stem
guidance
(sliding pivot
link)
Cylindrical
reservoir
Stem
Stem
Peppercorns
Enlargement showing the
peppercorn being squeezed
between the knurled stem and
the inside wall of the hopper,
with the granulation effect from
abrasion. The conical part of
the stem between the knurled
areas causes the peppercorn
to turn on itself.
Peppercorn
Conical hopper
Guidance of
the stem
(opening at
the bottom of
Play
the hopper)
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Wall of the
hopper
Pepper particles
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Technological analysis of the nail clipper
Global function of the object:
Allows the user to cut their nails in a rounded shape with a
two fingered pressure, then easily store it.
Analysis of the object
Observe the object and answer the following questions:
1- What levers are at the basis of this object? Where are they in the object?
The two branches that are linked make up a Class 1 lever. The upper branch is a
Class 3 lever.
2- How many parts make up this object? What are these parts?
There are 4 parts to the clipper.
Crooked stem, upper branch, two connected branches.
3- Why was this object designed to be closed?
So it takes up less space and can be more easily stored.
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WORKING DOCUMENT
Complete the principles diagram of the nail clipper
1- Complete the principles diagram by drawing the crooked stem.
2- Carry out the principles diagram in the closed position.
Nomenclature
Class 2 lever
Jaw
Heel
Class 3 lever
(Flexible branch)
F1
Crooked
stem
Nail
Initial position
Bevelled
edge of
the jaw
F2
Final position
Closed position
PRINCIPLES DIAGRAMS
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