NOTES Deformations.notebook

NOTES Deformations.notebook
December 17, 2015
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Force
• Stress: ____________ applied over a given area
changes
stress
• Deformation: Crust __________ as a response to __________
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Reversible
• Elastic deformation: _________________ change
near
rapid
• Faults occur ___________ surface and/or with a __________
Irreversible
• Permanent deformation: __________________ change
stress
application of ___________
elastic
limit
Stress applied beyond the _______________ __________
Types of permanent deformation
breaks
Faults
________________ = Crust ____________
Folds
bends
________________ = Crust ____________
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
deep
Folds occur _________ within crust and/or with stress
slow
the _________ application of ____________
• Three Types of Stress:
millions
deform
Each work over ___________ of years to ___________ the crust.
1. Tension
Pulls
__________ on crust
Stretches
_____________ crust so that it becomes
thinner
__________ in the middle
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Nov 28­4:36 PM
1
NOTES Deformations.notebook
December 17, 2015
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Types of Stress
(which is which)
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
2. Compression
compression
Squeezing
breaks
bends
_______________ crust until it ________ or _________
shearing
3. Shearing
two
opposite
Pushes crust in _________ ______________ directions
tension
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
• Faults
angle
foot
All faults that occur at an ________ have a _____
wall
hanging
wall
______ and a ___________ _______.
Foot
below
______ Wall: Lies _______ the plane of the fault line
Hanging
above
______ Wall: Lies _______ the plane of the fault line
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Mar 29­10:00 AM
• Faults
• Faults
hanging
foot
below
The ________ wall lies ________ the _________ wall
1. Normal Fault
tension
Produced by _______________ force
1. Normal Fault
Little to no _____________________ of crust layers
Label in your notes...
Hanging
Wall
Foot Wall
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Nov 28­4:36 PM
2
NOTES Deformations.notebook
December 17, 2015
• Faults
• Faults
1. Normal Fault
hanging
below
foot
The ___________ wall lies ________ the ______ wall
1. Normal Fault
Exposed sloped surface is called a fault _________
scarp
Scarp
overriding
Little to no _____________________ of crust layers
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
• Faults
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
• Faults
2. Reverse Fault
compression
Produced by _________________ force
2. Reverse Fault
hanging
over
The ____________ wall slides up and _________ the
foot
___________ wall
Label in your notes...
Hanging
Wall
Foot Wall
Nov 28­4:36 PM
• Faults
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
2. Reverse Fault
collapses
overhang
The exposed ___________ eventually __________
into rubble.
Overhang
• Faults
3. Strike‐Slip Fault
shearing
Produced by ___________________ forces
slide
Portions of crust _____________ past each other with
up
down
little or no _________ or ____________ motion
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Nov 28­4:36 PM
3
NOTES Deformations.notebook
December 17, 2015
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
• Faults
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
• Folds
3. Strike‐Slip Fault
slowly
deep
Produced by _____________ applied and/or ________
compression
____________________ forces
highest
Capable of producing the world’s ________________
mountains
________________________
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Names of Folds
Names of Folds
upward
arch
Anticline: Bending _____________ into an ____________
downward
Syncline: Bending ________________ in the middle into a shape
bowl
__________ ____________
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Deformations of Earth’s Crust
Names of Folds
itself
Overturned: Folded over onto _______________
Nov 28­4:36 PM
Nov 28­4:36 PM
4