NOTES Deformations.notebook December 17, 2015 Deformations of Earth’s Crust Deformations of Earth’s Crust Force • Stress: ____________ applied over a given area changes stress • Deformation: Crust __________ as a response to __________ Nov 284:36 PM Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust Deformations of Earth’s Crust Reversible • Elastic deformation: _________________ change near rapid • Faults occur ___________ surface and/or with a __________ Irreversible • Permanent deformation: __________________ change stress application of ___________ elastic limit Stress applied beyond the _______________ __________ Types of permanent deformation breaks Faults ________________ = Crust ____________ Folds bends ________________ = Crust ____________ Nov 284:36 PM Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust Deformations of Earth’s Crust deep Folds occur _________ within crust and/or with stress slow the _________ application of ____________ • Three Types of Stress: millions deform Each work over ___________ of years to ___________ the crust. 1. Tension Pulls __________ on crust Stretches _____________ crust so that it becomes thinner __________ in the middle Nov 284:36 PM Nov 284:36 PM 1 NOTES Deformations.notebook December 17, 2015 Deformations of Earth’s Crust Types of Stress (which is which) Deformations of Earth’s Crust 2. Compression compression Squeezing breaks bends _______________ crust until it ________ or _________ shearing 3. Shearing two opposite Pushes crust in _________ ______________ directions tension Nov 284:36 PM Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust • Faults angle foot All faults that occur at an ________ have a _____ wall hanging wall ______ and a ___________ _______. Foot below ______ Wall: Lies _______ the plane of the fault line Hanging above ______ Wall: Lies _______ the plane of the fault line Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust Mar 2910:00 AM • Faults • Faults hanging foot below The ________ wall lies ________ the _________ wall 1. Normal Fault tension Produced by _______________ force 1. Normal Fault Little to no _____________________ of crust layers Label in your notes... Hanging Wall Foot Wall Nov 284:36 PM Nov 284:36 PM 2 NOTES Deformations.notebook December 17, 2015 • Faults • Faults 1. Normal Fault hanging below foot The ___________ wall lies ________ the ______ wall 1. Normal Fault Exposed sloped surface is called a fault _________ scarp Scarp overriding Little to no _____________________ of crust layers Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust • Faults Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust • Faults 2. Reverse Fault compression Produced by _________________ force 2. Reverse Fault hanging over The ____________ wall slides up and _________ the foot ___________ wall Label in your notes... Hanging Wall Foot Wall Nov 284:36 PM • Faults Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust Deformations of Earth’s Crust 2. Reverse Fault collapses overhang The exposed ___________ eventually __________ into rubble. Overhang • Faults 3. Strike‐Slip Fault shearing Produced by ___________________ forces slide Portions of crust _____________ past each other with up down little or no _________ or ____________ motion Nov 284:36 PM Nov 284:36 PM 3 NOTES Deformations.notebook December 17, 2015 Deformations of Earth’s Crust • Faults Deformations of Earth’s Crust • Folds 3. Strike‐Slip Fault slowly deep Produced by _____________ applied and/or ________ compression ____________________ forces highest Capable of producing the world’s ________________ mountains ________________________ Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust Names of Folds Names of Folds upward arch Anticline: Bending _____________ into an ____________ downward Syncline: Bending ________________ in the middle into a shape bowl __________ ____________ Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust Nov 284:36 PM Deformations of Earth’s Crust Names of Folds itself Overturned: Folded over onto _______________ Nov 284:36 PM Nov 284:36 PM 4
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