ttr.
A VISIT
1]{l
1!B TRI-€T,IT'
LNAD MTM],IG
DISInICTI V.S.A.
T38VOR
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FOIID
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Xavtlg read ibat tne TrtJhie redd and tilc @nibg area bt
co4ored ol carboniierou6 LiDeltone *b1cn cont3ined Yei ad rcpl6ceselts
ol lesd ad zlnc orcr. I lonitly i@slled ihat it 'otld h6 6trllu to
..re
50 E11..
ty l0 dres,
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dm
teibyEhtft thongh oa a hisser, hrisht€. Rtrd t.ticr .c61e. ap.ft lro!
tbe 3car3, hov
I h.l
'ro49
coftn N.n. otlaho@t s.E. r6ma3 ald s.{.
states. the idnenr barl.g aea 1.
centrdl
Untted
Mt.rourt, in the
thousn ovor @ch
oI tbis tt. dcposits !rc
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!F6.se1y.catt.rcd, and the rlcher d.losits dr. t! a! ai.a onlv 20 E eE
vtthtn this is th. rtchedt ol dir, thc richer fi€ld'
by t0 rll...
roqbly a i.ldnsro,tth 3 ello giites. th. topogBphy is atrost flat and
l.sturresr ercept lor enomdtrs 6ste heaP., anit ii ir senerally atoui
300-900 rect &boYe 8en r.r€r.
lrart froB 6 tcv .cnichirsr ty oarry lioneers! Eini.s dtd not
st rt utrtl1 1391' .o tbai the cobrdni.. vere not harPered by old vorkingo.
lt filst, a llrse rB!e. oI 3611 .onlantea r€ased 3@11 area8, vith
iEqueni sdrcasirg, untll tne tncre.3ed roFrfi.. mde birins urrcliiaue
Comolirl,.tlon ol coopalte. forroyed' yith !.rger€ and takeowes, .tc.,
nntU nov th€E i. only on€ @jor coBlrny op€Eii.s. A rub.r of e&rry
lea.es.e'rui..it the o.. to to pbce.s.d or tlr. a4a 1.aseit, viic]] ie3nlted
I' r quits uns.oaod. n@bc! ol croshe.s ad w6.httg planis, and a
.i&ilar Mber ol *sie heaF, the 1att6r beirg on iop of t!6 oe-belring
gsundl Lo.! ied plannlns hE tiitlarly lnpossibre, bni .onsolidation
ha' tmuEhi reaEon into the .ttuation. A c.ntrolized proceering llant
my r.pl&c.s th. mny nins srtlr nslrns aqy GF mierprosrnc
tndlytdul o.e.icd bir .nsberu und.rEround). Edrly drne vo,hrnss
stqry forror.d.rl.s€d sood ore - or hunches! Bri ooe rccently the
associatlon dl or. vith @rfai! ttTer ol countly bck and lith ceftain
.tnctuE! hrs he€n tecos.tz€d, thoucb the reasdns lor tbs distlilutton
a.e stur rct uit.rstoorl.
1100'000 tons of zinc
Productlon hr. been frrtcd. At
p.r Far rere lndnc€d. Ihts ds in tbe 1920., ahd today it is atotrt
lrad fjsur.s are gon"dlly anouL
100,000 toD. per ycBr as d dti!m.
Prosent
tb",r pl,0001000,000
ror zl!!.
prodnced
tee!
rrtoeeth€r,
ard
at
itle€
tt Ea balf the
wrth ot @t l ha.
yicld
about, lt zir.
aaemge
or
Bebl
rro!
oft
tt
wrld !Fdu.tto!. Ib.
all
cb.rt
aste,
and l*t lead, ths F.l, rs atoo.r
hch 11n1!gr'
C.otort@lly, the oe. aro tounit 6s
(sla
L.""!
c"rboli?enE)
sld€t.
dt.!;!.to4 ttr th. uluis.ippian
h€E o!c. a ll&.tone ht ro'a cbe . Vp 10 200 l€ct tbickdes6 ot
116,
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@r or 1.6. ll.t-Itng
b€dr an labelr€d.l!bat.ti6rry, 6nd als dt.itn{utln d o!.hal. h6!dt'
glarconit. t trit8, .tltcltlod oolil. toil., €tc. ?n1. ba! au.nit .oe
oth.xt.e uilor.ull€mE teih 6ld
dactls to b. wrL.d oli t! tho..ihtsh.i,
or! appear to & a.loctaisd vlih
ihowh tut t! th. cro.t8,
o! th.y !r. loud I! !on.s ol .h.adng' though 6g&ta not tn ihs Ebedr
!la.c. th.uelE.r Velttdl lturs Els riL. the D.$y.bir. 6!.s.4
their u.lrtctfisil
@t lound. Cor.laito! of ih. .he* b.d.
'tth
.qrlEreni ritrlton€.
.hor! that thors h6. t..! 6
al@o shlltrldss br.! dcb r! tot, 6!d.od. ol tb. .rructuFl "higb3"
app.6r to !e zon€r ot le.. .blt.bs., nthe. tba! anticri&!, Shrinles.
[.s tocelly re8ult.d 1n corbr8. 3ttuctur.s, Eo!. coEpl.trrsi.r.-horesi
ly 6ubt.!Br.a!,
othe.. b.eakilg thbwh io th. .urldce, li n3 h .nch
tbai 016. ver6 llrst discohrad. Ih6 .h.rt atrd bileml B.ea i. entinly
coeeRd br upD€r ca drlre
shale wblch ba3 arso collapod
tn !l6c.s, elthsr duriq E
or at .ny tirs !i!co, Ituly
!t!kE ht?. rs3uriad l&E corr6!3e ol Dire vo.ki.sr, anit sift.611 op.tr
hol..6F $.d as dsposito.te! lor Neil carur stc., d€b sd etuietior
lc noi nEualty po..tbl€.
Ihe on 1. thu, gcncFlly dteleEod thrcugh a !o.izo!'t3l Fck @..,
.nd tho liribg phc€u ba. bse! gelenlty to remv€ this e! M.&, l€lwitrs
p ra.r to .!p!ori th. bol. I! th. llc!.r ll€ld 6n 3-d1. tdanst.
!o! comi3tr ra4ety ot .toper aaything q to 100 fect btgh ard vide,
nltfy'ls 4pparcntly rithout !ran, €o ttldi ! v1litor ia soo! lost. At
ihe. .to!e€ la iutf€r.nt t.ll3 1ts on€ aho* the oth.r, not aI?uF wtth
thc pilla$ tn lt!e!
th. bllos Ery r!o! r00 t 600 l.st d.6p, 6nd
.tnco surlace sler r..earod out ty the chorckee shal€, th. volLings
an g€lelalty ilry lnd little rurt.s i3 Equtred. Little dlloEtior
ot deepsr teik ba! b.€D.ttclpt.d a, th€y dlo l6oh to !. Bter-losged,
ald tht lm.edsed corL ol puplbg wuld @Lp elnjDg unecoDo@..
Sanlae. undelg&ud !a. t.e! ty Brlou ethods, but 1. mv tt
deper tnckr yhich 6!0 takon dom t! p1.c.6 and as.srbl.d bolo*. SLllr
tad t[€ o.s up th€ .hatt, hi en go doh 6 solrEto 6h.ft, tn our
c&. i! r €t.ol crllnit.r shap€it ntber liko e tonb ald helit to the cubl.
!y. .t.!re sbrclr.. G.!11. Ft ito.ond.scont Eeant aU sEss ol
dtrectlo! 6! soon lo€t. Alalt fro! the i@dtot. ar.a oI t[6 shalt
,otto! tbo!€ @! no ltglitrs ln the !tn6, ana th€ grooE dr pie.cea o.ry
Ly ins headltght. ot alpn8chlns thcks, Slial1l.s u! r!o! the 1owo.
.top.! tn.s. 6ke ar lqrre$tft stght for th. ?trtto!. D.tlltns ts ty
luttiplo h.6d ijaho.i and the lArd che.t eco.Eibie€ s d!111-!tt
.La.portlg rhop i! t!6 oirs.
Apalt trc! t[. l.ad and zinc ulrbtde. the.. .E 6 lurne. ot .thar
Et!..al., @.tly ol acaa.ric llpoltr@e o.ly. Chalcolttito is doliBlt
tnt .pp.Eltly tn.utltct.nt i. uks It ao*h erincttDg tbs coDer.
C.lclto, dolo!I16 .!d ta!'-te aro prc..lt lo@lly but c.rt3tdt tui ln
th. lbpoltton. ol tn. D.rhy.nin gaDsr€.. htroquelt '@rer' ltled
rlth @lcit. dosiooth c*rt{l. .N loalit (.nd thobwhry ucoDlolt6t1.
,r.1.
to cnir rnto). aDarentry leeulti.s lrotr rocar ldnltir€ or co115!sc in
the rsft pb!*6 of din€nli'aiton. oi}.! BineFl. trclude enbe6cite,
.p
dm
hs
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hentsolphtte, algl€Ette, { fedte, otc,
Th€ pDtren ol ore gene8rt has giTer rile
rit.Etur..
lhe phtler necessar y lMrr.s also the Eoso$ lor chert
lorution on such a ra.!e scaler and for dotoriiizaiio!. The che.i is
tn t'o iods, ar €arry crr?tocrystalline ltsht coroured lor and d r5te
ddrk dcrdcry.iarrtne calred &Bleroid. Tho latier u6@l1y cenelts
Ireccla3 ot th€ lod.r.
Ih6 3d!hide. ve.e
the ceoeniattd! prcce!.. c&rci&, barr-i€, €1.., are nuch laier, ht @y
haft drroct.tsd drcastto. three rolrce. ol dnerarizins trtrids r.we
bien p&po!.dr l, dcsc€ldt.g neterric aet
concentFtioni
2, rist.g arte'lan dters cawlDg .onceiiEtto! fI| loth l.teral anil
d.opcr rock! orer e wtd.6reai ,, mgMttc o. hldrcthctur nioF ltsi.s
hd coort.s. Arr bas sood 6rs@ontE ngdi!3t iher. For the fini (r)
r.n h. d"!onsl,Fle.l, aDd tbr orerlyinL clcroLec s\ale js
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!.oot. In th.6e.ond (2) thr
jusi as ii prewnts then descendt.s, &nd the oE conc€ntrationE are not
;r t]re conr{cr, rtri 5o-rt0 reer rover. ln tn. rhird case (t) &
.tn bs dcaonstrated. lhree idneoN
gmnitic Btue
&0 E es a6y flon the Piche! f1e1d, and
lield ttsoll, nt diff.rent
as
eitber
buried
Pre-cubrisn bir1s (ahicr
ttses ihese h6v. bee! resard€d
rior in rhe carbodJercus) or as
hn! now neer d.ronstrared ro bah
ijpper carbonll.fts .bnr.3, 30 contclpoFry leneou activtty is nov
ceriain, tho{gh ihig t3 a low my fron levln€ an rs3ociatiod of gnnite
1,rruion *lrh read and zinc ores !0 dres a6y.
It6ruFE ltke Dernyrhl.e are knou, 60 bod.h theortes lcan to$lds sooe
.ecretton. stdies ol the parageneiic sequence of
rircFr d€posilior Bbor thl
and ntneEllr6tton hare cohsideFbr. orrlap aad even lepetition, {iin
corlaroes, ihu. indicating tln presence of
cnedcrlly acttve sroud 6ter8 loring throush ihc vhote tuck Mss rt
ttDes yith Eryirg coq,o6iiio! accolltilg to! the dilfeEni resdts.
t.acht'g ol retulr frd6 a E6t 6urrouding area see@ to rroyide ole
po3elb1. &urc.r fhi.h @y [5we !ee. {.d ny ue@tic Etsrs lron the
gBtittc t!i4rtor6,
But, by vhlt bearo vero the aei3ls trlnspolied?
one tnportari clu. vhich does not E€eb to iaae bcer folloved W is tbat
ihe orc., anit @.e pariicurarly tl,e 16.!erotil clerts, contai! hyihcalldn
pr&c€ durtns our wi3it, the sare strdta in srroudtns reciom contaii
rDge otl poolsl
eroud @t€r ba.b.nt h!3 leen adft.ated. !€c.nt vodi las Ehoh tbat
load lDtphtit. and olhei dneEls can be dis.orred or lrecipitated ny
sutbtre o4artc tnc€. ir mie!. So ihere se€Es
lor rc!.oEh o! ruch ltn.6 botb 1! the 1rl-Siat. and oth6! siEila! or.
,ttt.
rchorr.drrlt tr dn to ltr. lit,&roatt
EaglGPlch.! $trt
t! th.tr EI$ G.or lttn' .!d to !r. tl. 8.
lo! .!E!st!a tL. rl.tt.
Dt ildola ol &..8r Udrriit
8., l9,a. Ih utdt-ti.lEr ttm t
G..lo!ro! lnmt h!r.al!' No. t5.
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