TSUNAMI OF MAY 22, 1960
WEST COAST OF CANADA
S.O. WIGEN
Canadian Hydrographic Service
The tsunami generated by the Chilean earthquake of May 22,
1960 reached the British Columbia coast at approximately 12:21
G.M.T., May 23, or 04:21 Pacific Standard Time.
Taking the
time of origin as 19:11 G.M.T., the travel time was 17 hours
and 10 minutes.
Twenty-one tide gauges were in operation, and 17 of these
showed either a wave sequence or a marked distortion of the
normal tide pattern.
Locations of these 17 gauges are shown on
figure 1. Tide records from these stations for May 23 have
been transcribed, and all are plotted to the same time and
height scale on figures 2 and 3.
Size and shape of the waves differed markedly, even on the
exposed portions of the coast.
Greatest recorded range was
shown on the Tofino gauge, with a maximum amplitude of 4.4
feet.
Waves of greater amplitudes may have occurred at
Charlotte Islands at Shields Bay, where a tide gauge was
installed in July, loggers reported that the water poured in
and out of the bay with a violence that resembled Seymour
Narrows. One took photographs half an hour apart during the
height of the disturbance, and it appeared from these that the
maximum wave amplitude was not less than seven feet.
At no gauge station then in operation did the maximum wave
crest reach higher than the highest recorded tide.
However at
Shields Bay large logs were left stranded above the apparent
extreme high water.
On the west coast of Vancouver Island a
playing field at an Indian village was reported inundated.
-2-
No assessment has been made of the damage or loss caused
on the British Columbia coast by the tsunami. At several
points on Vancouver Island and at Shields Bay moored log booms
were torn adrift, and the logs scattered.
One of the most striking features of the tsunami was the
transmission of the waves through fast running and turbulent
passages.
The Seymour Inlet area, shown in inset on figure 1,
is connected to the ocean through a restricted entrance at
Nakwakto Rapids.
Current velocities here have not been
surveyed, but the tidal streams pour through with great
violence.
In spite of this the tsunami was recorded on five of
the eight gauges during both the flood and ebb streams. Only
the gauges at Bamford Lagoon, Frederick Sound, and Allison
Sound showed no apparent wave, and in all of these there are
additional narrows through which the tide must pass.
The distortion that occurred to the Prince Rupert tide
curve is similar to the response there to the 1952 and 1957
tsunamis.
Under certain storm conditions a similar
oscillation has been noted.
All 21 gauges are listed on the following tabulation.
Time of arrival of the tsunami is given where it appears fairly
clearly defined. Maximum rise or fall of a single wave has
been scaled with the effect of the tide eliminated.
-3-
Tide Gauge
Lat.
Long.
Barkley Sd
Tofino
Cape St. James
Copper I
McKenney Is
Prince Rupert
Klemtu
Griffin Pass
Victoria
Fulford Hr
Caulfeild
Vancouver
Alert Bay
Johnson Pt
Bamford Lagoon
Seymour Inlet
Frederick
Sound
Nugent Sd
Belize Inlet
Mereworth Sd
Allison Sd
49
49
51
52
52
54
52
52
48
48
49
49
50
51
51
51
51
00
09
56
21
39
19
36
46
25
46
20
17
35
07
00
05
02
125
125
131
131
129
130
128
128
123
123
123
123
126
127
127
126
126
21
55
01
10
29
20
31
21
22
27
15
07
56
32
15
53
44
51
51
51
51
05
07
11
10
127
127
127
127
15
17
25
00
Time of
Arrival
04 22
04 21
04 21
04 47
05 03
Indef
05 20
05 36
04 58
Indef
Indef
Max. Rise
Or Fall
3.4
4.4
1.4
0.7
1.8
Indef
1.3
1.4
2.4
1.0
Indef
-
-
05 45
07 40
1.5
0.5
-
-
Indef
0.1
-
-
08 03
08 13
08 40
0.5
0.2
0.5
-
-
Gauge
Status
Temporary
Permanent
One Year
Temporary
Temporary
Permanent
Temporary
Temporary
Permanent
Permanent
Permanent
Permanent
Permanent
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
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