3
ANTARCTIC METEOROLOGY
http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/apa.2014.003
Alberto Setzer1*; Franco Nadal Junqueira Villela2 and Antonio Gabriel Pontes e Dechiche3
1
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC), Rede Clima/INCT para Mudanças Climáticas
2
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET)
3
Universidade de São Paulo – (IAG/Meteorologia)
*e-mail: [email protected]
The participation of the weather team consisted of the
following tasks:
• Collection / analysis of meteorological data and
sending this data to Brazil, making them available to the
public via its website: www.cptec.inpe.br/antartica
• Staff continued the data collection and made available
on the website of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and
the site of the National Institute of Meteorology data:
http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/metlog/latest-met
/89252.latest-met.html
• h t t p : / / w w w. i n m e t . g o v. b r / s o n a b r a / m a p s /
automaticas.php
• Maintenance and calibration of meteorological
instruments to ensure data quality;
• Observations of weather every three hours which
is the record of cloud cover, the types of clouds, visibility
and present time;
• Research activities in the areas of climate modeling
and numerical weather prediction for EACF and stations
of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Main results observed:
Average annual temperatures of air in Brazilian
Antarctic Station have fallen around -0.6 °C per decade
is considered the last 14 years. The downward trend,
recorded by the National Institute for Space Research
(INPE), can be found, for example, in the years 2007 and
2009, when the bitter winter froze the two freshwater
lakes that supply the station. In the years 1995, 2007
and 2009, the extent of ice covering the Admiralty
20
| Annual Activity Report 2009
Bay during winter even hit the maximum level.
Since 1986, when they began collecting data on the
Brazilian Antarctic Station, with the exception of 1987,
the lowest temperatures in winter (June-July-August)
occurred in the last 14 years.
In1995, for example, the average winter was -10.3 °C
in 2007 and 2009, was -8.5°C.
“Throughout 2009, temperatures were below average,
except for January and March. The absolute minimum
temperature, -25.6 °C, occurred on August 5, and for
18 years minimum in a month of August did not fall
below -25 °C”, says researcher Alberto Setzer, INPE.
It should be noted that the climate in this region shows
great interannual variability, with alternating warm and
cold years. Because of these significant changes, which on
average are about 3 º C in mean between each year, it is
difficult to forecast temperatures for the same next year.
“If we consider the annual average of the last 65
years in the region, there was average warming of
+0.23 ° C per decade. But for the past 29 years that a
practical standpoint configure the 30-year climatology of
a conventional pattern, the average data show stability,
so no indication of climate warming” concludes Alberto
Setzer (Figure 1).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by CNPq/PROANTAR
under projects no. 52-0182/2006-5, Proantar/MCT/ CNPq
and SECIRM, and INCT-APA (CNPq: 574018/2008-5,
FAPERJ: E-26/170.023/2008).
0.0
y = 0,0227x - 47,008
tendência: aquecimento
+0,23 °C/década
-0.5
-1.0
Temperatura (°C)
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
-3.0
-3.5
-4.0
-4.5
Deception
Base “G”
Deception
Bellingshausen
Arctowski
Ferraz
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
-5.0
Figure 1. Average annual temperatures of air in the Admiralty Bay, King George Island(1944-2009, except 1946: 65 years date).
References
SETZER, A.; KAYANO, M. Reanálises para altas latitudes no Hemisfério Sul: uma fonte de interpretações errôneas. Revista
Brasileira de Meteorologia, v. 24, p.15, 2009.
SETZER, A.; ROMÃO, M.; AQUINO, F. E. Antártica: Relação Climática com a América do Sul. Climanálise (São José dos
Campos), v. 24, p. 7, 2009.
INCT-APA – Annual Activity Report 2009 |
21