th
AP Art History – Ms. Price – 2012-2013!
16 c. North European Renaissance
“PMA + Consider the Nut!”!
The Reformation was started by a long-lived dissatisfaction with the Church leadership.
This became a major issue for those looking for a pure religious experience. The
perception was that popes were more concerned with themselves (ego-tripping!), temporal powers and
material wealth instead of salvation of Church members (hence, the sale of indulgences). People turned to
other experiences such as commissioning artworks, pilgrimages to holy sites and joining and initiating new
religious orders.
CONTEXT:
1. The Reformation started a series of Iconoclasms
2. Sculptors found ways to represent figures without appearing to create pagan idols
3. Still extremely influenced by Renaissance ideals in Italy but kept a specific Northern European style
(microscopic detail, hidden symbolism, oil painting)
4. 1517!beginning of Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther’s 95 Theses: Upset about
Church’s abuse of power
Countries split into
Protestant: Germany, Scandinavia, Netherlands
Catholic: Spain, Italy, Portugal, Poland
5. Luther translates Bible into the vernacular languages ! greater access to public
6. Artists are beginning to be recognized internationally, artworks gain popularity as commodities
7. Printmaking (woodcuts, engravings and etchings) becomes prominent art form ! greater access to art
ARTIST
Holy Roman Empire
Grunwald
Albrecht Dürer
Artwork
Date
Key Idea_____________________
Altdorfer
Holbein
Isenheim Altarpiece
Fall of Man (Adam and Eve)
Knight, Death and the Devil
The Four Apostles
The Battle of Issus
The French Ambassadors
1515
1504
1513
1525
1529
1533
Catholic salvation, disease
Engraving, nature, classicism
Engraving, detail, equestrian
Monumental figures, oil painting
Landscape, symbolic ancient battle
Humanism, anamorphic imagery
Netherlands
Bosch
Massys
Aertsen
Van Hemessen
Bruegel
Garden of Earthly Delights
The Money-Changer and his Wife
Meat Still-Life
Self-Portrait
Netherlandish Proverbs
1503
1514
1551
1548
1559
Eroticism, salvation, surreal images
Secular subject
Spiritual well-being, genre scene
1st by a N. Renaissance woman
Human folly, filled with figures
***YOU MUST BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE ARTIST WITH ARTWORK***!
TIMELINE
Need to know:
1550: N. Renaissance (16th c)
VOCABULARY
Reformation+–+Martin+Luther+–+
Iconoclasm+–+allegory+–+anamorphic+
1483-1546
1485-1603
1517
1545-1563
1562
Martin Luther
House of Tudor
Beginning of
Protestant
Reformation
Council of Trent
Religious Wars
in France
imagery+–+engraving+–+self9portrait+–+
deposition+–+monumentality+–+predella+
–+pigments+–+etching+–+panels+–+oil+
paints+–+altarpiece+9+triptych+