Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Properties
Google Phet. Click on Chemistry. Click on Gas Properties. Click Run Now.
In this unit we will be discussing multiple variables and how they are related to one another.
Look at the container. What do you notice about the pressure and temperature on the gauges?
Pump the handle twice. What do you notice about the particles? What are they doing inside the container?
What did you notice happen to the pressure and temperature?
Now we will look at the relationships between these variables.
VOLUME & TEMPERATURE
Set the pressure to be constant (top of the control panel). Jot down the current temperature.
Using the heat control at the bottom of the container, add heat to the container. Describe what happens to
the volume.
Put the temperature back to your original value. Using the heat control at the bottom of the container,
remove heat from the container. Describe what happens to the volume.
What type of relationship do volume and temperature have (direct or inverse)?
Volume)
Sketch a graph of the relationship between temperature and volume.
Temperature)
PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE
Reset the simulation (there’s a button at the bottom of the control panel).
Pump the handle once. Set the volume to be constant (top of the control panel). Jot down the pressure
and temperature.
Using the heat control at the bottom of the container, add heat to the container. Describe what happens to
the pressure.
Put the temperature back to your original value. Using the heat control at the bottom of the container,
remove heat from the container. Describe what happens to the pressure.
What type of relationship do pressure and temperature have (direct or inverse)?
Pressure)
Sketch a graph of the relationship between temperature and pressure.
Temperature)
PRESSURE & VOLUME
Reset the simulation.
Pump the handle once. Set the temperature to be constant (top of the control panel). Jot down the
pressure.
Using the little person pushing on the wall, decrease the volume of the box in about half. Describe what
happens to the pressure.
Put the wall back to its original location. Using the little person pushing on the wall, increase the volume of
the box to about double. Describe what happens to the pressure.
What type of relationship do volume and pressure have (direct or inverse)?
Pressure)
Sketch a graph of the relationship between pressure and volume.
Volume)
NUMBER OF PARTICLES & PRESSURE
Reset the simulation.
Place one pump of gas into the container. Jot down the pressure.
Add another pump. What happens to the pressure?
Add another pump. What happens to the pressure?
What type of relationship do number of particles and pressure have (direct or inverse)?
Pressure)
Sketch a graph of the relationship between pressure and number of particles.
#)of)Particles)
TEMPERATURE & KINETIC ENERGY
Reset the simulation (there’s a button at the bottom of the control panel).
Pump the handle once. Jot down temperature and describe the motion of the particles.
Using the heat control at the bottom of the container, add heat to the container. Describe what happens to
the motion of the particles.
Put the temperature back to your original value. Using the heat control at the bottom of the container,
remove heat from the container. Describe what happens to the motion of the particles
The motion of the particles is know as their kinetic energy – energy of motion. What type of relationship
do temperature and kinetic energy have (direct or inverse)?
Kinetic)Energy)
Sketch a graph of the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy.
Temperature)
PARTICLE SIZE & KINETIC ENERGY
Reset the simulation (there’s a button at the bottom of the control panel).
At the bottom right, there is a box labeled “Gas in Pump”. Select heavier species and put one pump in the
container. Jot down the pressure, temperature and motion of the particles.
Reset the container. Select lighter species and put one pump in the container. Note the pressure,
temperature and motion of the particles.
What type of relationship do molar mass and kinetic energy have (direct or inverse)?
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Kinetic)Energy)
Sketch a graph of the relationship between molar mass and kinetic energy.
Molar)Mass)
Go)back)into)schoology)and)find)the)KMT)and)Gas)Properties)Notes.)Please)start)copying)them)here.)
Variables!Used!in!Gas!Laws!
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• Temperature))
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• Volume))
• Pressure)
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• Particle)Amount)and)Size)
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Properties!of!Gases!
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Kinetic7Molecular!Theory!and!Gases!
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Definitions:!
• Effusion))
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• Diffusion)