Put on Left Side
Taxonomy
Classification
Phylogenetic
Tree
Cladogram
Dichotomous
Key
What is the name of this animal?
All of the above…these are
a. Puma
common
names for the same
animal.b. Cougar
c. Mountain lion
d. Panther
Objective
• We will define and recognize the
importance of taxonomy
Anticipatory Set
Anticipatory Set
What is the impact of having misleading names?
To avoid confusion caused by
regional names, biologists use a
classification system to group
organisms in an organized and
logical manner and to assign names.
What is taxonomy?
•It’s the science of naming
and classifying organisms.
What is Classification?
It’s the grouping of objects
or information on the basis
of similarities.
Phylogenetic Tree
• A phylogenetic tree (evolutionary tree) is a
branching diagram ("tree“) showing the
inferred evolutionary relationships among
biological species
Cladogram
• A cladogram is a diagram which shows
relations among organisms. NOT
an evolutionary tree. A cladogram uses lines
that branch off in different directions.
• Clade: a group of organisms with a last
common ancestor.
Dichotomous Key
• A dichotomous key is a tool to determine the
identity of items in the natural world. Consists
of a series of yes/no choices.
Hierarchical
Classification
• Taxonomic categories
– Kingdom includes all the
phyla
– Phylum includes all the
classes
– Class includes all the
orders
– Order includes all the
families
– Family includes all the
genera
– Genus includes all the
species
Each level is
called a taxon
Domains and Kingdoms
The three-domain system
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
The six-kingdom system
Archae
Bacteria
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Work with your partner to create your own pneumonic
for remembering the levels of classification:
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D
K
P
C
O
F
G
S
The classification system:
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Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Dear
King
Philip
came
over
for
Great
spaghetti
Human Classification
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Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
Carl Linnaeus
• a.k.a. Father of
Taxonomy
• Linnaeus developed
the two-word
naming
system…binomial
nomenclature.
Binomial Nomenclature
• Two-word naming system (scientific name)
• Bi means 2/nomial means name
• Written in Latin
• 1st word represents Genus
• Written capitalized, underlined or Italicized
• 2nd word represents Species
• Written lower Case, underlined or Italicized
clam
Lower case
Capitalized
Venus mercenary
(genus)
(species)
dog
wolf
fox
Mountain lion
All belong to the same Kingdom: Animalia
Same phylum: Chordata
What are some ways these
animals
are similar and what are
Same
order: Carnivora
ways
arefamily:
different?
Dog,some
wolf, fox all
belong they
to the same
Canidae
Same class: Mammalia
Dog and wolf belong to same genus: Canis
Dog and wolf are different species
Dogs of different “breeds” all belong
to the same species
Canis familiaris; therefore all can mate
and produce fertile offspring.
According to the table, at what level does
the domestic cat diverge from the ferret?
(diverge means break away from)
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
physalus
furo
catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic cat
How many levels of classification
do all three animals share?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
physalus
furo
catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic cat
Mustela africana is closely related
to which of the following mammals?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
physalus
furo
catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic cat
The most general group that an
organism can belong to is its —
A genus
B class
C family
D kingdom
Which of the following is
the correct scientific
name of this organism?
a.equus caballus
b.Black stallion
c.Equus caballus
d.horse