Warm-up
• Need Note Books
• Sit where you want.
• List 4 tools used by modern man. What effect does
each have on humanity?
Objectives and Terms for today
• How specific tools Helped early human
survival
• Methods of passing down history
• Terms Neolithic Revolution, Bronze age,
Culture, Archeology, Anthropology
• Benefits of irrigation systems.
The Peopling of the World
Prehistory – 2500 BCE
Chapter 1
World History 1
Mr. Pawlowski
2010 – 2011
Discovering Prehistory
• Prehistory:
– Period before written history
– Prehistory Periods (Three-Age
System):
• Stone Age
– Paleolithic – Old Stone Age
– Neolithic – New Stone Age
• Bronze Age
• Iron Age
– (onset of written evidence varies
by culture)
– Essential tools to understanding
this period:
•
•
•
•
Archaeology- study of human activity
Paleontology study of ancient life
Anthropology- study of humankind
Geology- study of earth
• Primary Source:
– First-hand, eyewitness
account (most accurate)
• Artifacts, Human Remains,
Written Records
• Secondary Source:
– Second-hand source of
information (less accurate)
• Encyclopedia/Textbook,
Articles that interpret
primary sources
Archaeology
• Study of past societies through an analysis of
what they left behind.
• Artifacts:
Tools and Weapons
Art and Sculpture
Jewelry
Human Remains
Pottery
Buildings &
Monuments
Paleontology
• Study of the evolution and interaction of
prehistoric life and environments
• Fossil:
• Carbon Dating:
– Used to date organic fossils
• All living things possess a radioactive isotope called Carbon
14 (absorbed from the sun)
– Carbon 14 has a half-life of 5000 years
• Measuring the amount of Carbon left allows scientists to
date fossils
Anthropology
• Study of human life and
culture
• Basic Concerns:
– What defines homo sapiens?
– Who are the ancestors of homo
sapiens?
– How do humans behave?
Geology
• Study of the history and
composition of the physical
matter that constitutes Earth
Notes
• What is Paleontology?
• What is Anthropology?
• What is Archeology?
• How do these scientists know the age of
remains?
Hominid Discovery
• Hominid:
– Humans and other creatures that walk upright on two feet.
• Donald Johanson:
– 1974 (‘Lucy’):
• Complete skeleton of an adult female hominid
• Mary Leakey:
– 1978:
• Found footprints that dates walking human ancestors to 3,600,000 years ago
Humans Evolve
•
Valley (Eastern Africa)
• Homo Erectus:
– 1.6 million – 30,000 BCE
• ‘Upright Man’
– Developed technology
• Hominid Firsts:
– to migrate from Africa
» India, China, SE Asia, Europe
– to use fire
– to develop a spoken language
•
Homo-Sapiens:
– ‘Wise Men’
• Species of modern men
Paleolithic Age
• Old Stone Age
– ‘Paleo’: old
– ‘Lithic’: stone
• Nomadic Clans:
– Groups of 20-30 that wandered from place to place in search of food
• Hunter-gatherers:
– Men hunted and women gathered
• Adaptations:
– Fire:
• Used to keep warm and cook food
– Oral Language:
• Allowed for cooperation (ex: hunting)
– Tools:
• Allowed for increase in food production (ex: spear, digging stick)
– Cave Paintings:
• Depict life, identify animals, communicate information, religious practices
– ‘Sympathetic Magic’
Notes
• What is the Paleolithic age?
• Describe the people in this time frame? (how
did they live? How did they adapt?)
Neolithic Revolution
• New Stone Age
– ‘Neo’: New
• Agricultural Revolution:
– Provided a stable food source
• Systematic Agriculture
– Ushered in the Neolithic Age
– Slash-and-Burn Farming:
• Burned trees/grass to clear a field and provide fertilizer for the soil (ash)
– Jarmo:
• Oldest known agricultural community
• Animal Domestication:
– Tamed horses, dogs, goats and pigs
• Innovations:
– more sophisticated tools
– developed weaving
– created pottery
• Food storage
Notes
• What is the Neolithic age?
• How did the people adapt?
• What is the main difference between the
Neolithic and Paleolithic age?
Villages into Cities
• Innovations:
– Irrigation:
• Consistent water source for crops led to food surplus
– Craftsmen:
• Food surplus allows villagers to develop other skills
– Ex: potters, weavers, jewelers, metal workers, traders
– Wheel/Sail:
• Benefited trade (barter system), movement and communication
• Social Changes:
– Class Systems Develop:
• Groups of different wealth, power and influence
– Religion:
• Become more organized and traditional
Think Pair Share
•
•
•
•
Neolithic Revolution
Think: What is a revolution
Think: What was the Neolithic Revolution
Think: What kinds of a revolution if any, has
happened in the last 15 years?
Compare
• Neolithic vs. Today- How did they both change
society
Civilization
1. Advanced Cities:
2. Complex Institutions:
3. Record Keeping:
– Cuneiform (Sumer):
• 1st system of writing
4. Specialized Workers:
5. Advanced Technology:
Culture
Site where the Ice Man—Otzi--was discovered in
September 1991.
Voices from the Past
Recovery