PART IV: THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD, 1450-1750: THE WORLD SHRINKS
1.) Where did land-based empires arise during this time period?
a. _________________________________________
b. _________________________________________
2.) How did trade change between1450-1750?
3.) What are three developments that marked the early modern period from the post-classical period?
a. __________________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________________
4.) What area—for the first time—was involved in international exchange? _______________________
5.) Define “proto-globalization”—
6.) What two crops came from the Americans and were grown in Asia and Europe? __________ and
_____________________
7.) Why did the slave trade begin?
8.) Give an example of an animal that changed the lives of people in the Americas: ___________________
9.) Where were the gunpowder empires located?
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________
10.) What were the three main developments during this time period?
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________
11.) What are three things that remained the same during this time period?
a. __________________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________________
12.) What happened to the Indians in the Americas?
13.) Describe the changes in labor during this period for…
a. Children: ___________________________________________________________________________
b. Adults: _____________________________________________________________________________
c. Slaves: _____________________________________________________________________________
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CHAPTER 16: THE WORLD ECONOMY
1.) Where are two of the places that silver traveled through the world economy?
a. __________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________
2.) How did the Chinese use silver in their economy?
3.) What might Europeans be afraid of when they considered expanding or exploring?
4.) How did each of these inventions impact exploration?
Hulled
Sailing
Ships
Explosives
5.) Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
6.) What was the Cape of Good Hope? What were explorers really looking for?
7.) Where in the world did the Portuguese begin to set up forts?
8.) Who was Christopher Columbus? What country sponsored his expeditions?
9.) Who was Ferdiand Magellan? Where did he arrive?
10.) Which three countries also began to explore by the later 16th century?
a. _______________________________________
b. _______________________________________
c. _______________________________________
11.) What area of the world did French explorers go to? _____________________________________
12.) Define “Dutch East India Company”—
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13.) Define “British East India Company”—
14.) What are three hardships that explorers and crews faced coming from Europe into the New World?
a. _______________________________________
b. _______________________________________
c. _______________________________________
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CHAPTER 16: THE WORLD ECONOMY
1.) Why did millions of Native Americans die when the explorers arrived in the New World?
2.) What area of the world had almost the entire population wiped out by disease? __________________
3.) What major crop was introduced in Europe around 1700? _________________________
4.) What happened at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571?
5.) What happened when Europeans could not directly control trade in cities? Where in the world did this
occur?
6.) What four major European countries were constantly competing in trade?
a. ____________________________________
b. ____________________________________
c. ____________________________________
d. ____________________________________
7.) Define “Mercantilism”—
8.) Why was there a need for slavery in the new world?
9.) Look at the box at the top of page 369. By 1767, how had slavery grown in the West Indies? Why do
you think that is?
10.) What was the coercive labor system like in Latin America?
11.) What type of work did slaves in Latin America do?
12.) What is a mestizo?
13.) How did China fit into the new world economy?
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14.) How did the Mughal Empire in India play a role in this world trade?
15.) How did Eastern Europe become involved in the growth world trade?
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CHAPTER 16: THE WORLD ECONOMY
1.) Who was Vasco de Balboa?
2.) Who was Francisco Pizarro? Where did he settle and travel? What happened to him?
3.) What type of people went to the English colonies along the Atlantic?
4.) Where was New France established? ___________________________________
5.) Define “Seven Years War”—
6.) What were three goods that were produced in the Southern Colonies of North America, which would
eventually become the United States?
a. ___________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________
7.) Why were Europeans drawn to the colonies in North America (hint: think religion)?
8.) What were three goods that merchants were trading with China by the 18 th century?
a. ___________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________
9.) What percentage of the population of the English Colonies were slaves by the 18 th century? ____%
10.) How did families in the American colonies feel about their children?
11.) What types of goods were being traded in the Africa by the Europeans?
12.) Where was the Cape Colony? Who were the Boers?
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13.) What were the two advantages that the British East India Company had in India?
a. ________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
14.) What type of control did the British have in India by the 18 th century?
15.) Why might the Seven Years War have been called the First World War?
16.) What were two benefits of the new world economy?
a. ________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
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CHAPTER 17: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WEST, 1450-1750
1.) What good was manufactured in India specifically? _________________________
2.)
How did the world try to import or reproduce this good?
3.) What are two ways the Renaissance changed Italy?
a. ___________________________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________________________
4.) Who was Niccolo Machiavelli?
5.) Define “humanism”—
6.) What are two ways the Renaissance impacted politics in Europe?
a. ___________________________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________________________
7.) In what four countries did the Northern Renaissance occur?
a. ____________________________________
b. ____________________________________
c. ____________________________________
d. ____________________________________
8.) Who was King Francis I? What did he do in order to bring in Renaissance culture to his life?
9.) Who was Johannes Gutenberg?
10.) What did Gutenberg create? _______________________________________________________
11.) How did family structure change during this time?
12.) Define “European-Style Family”—
13.) Who was Martin Luther? What did he protest about the Catholic Church?
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14.) Define “Protestantism”—
15.) Who was Henry VI? Why did he establish the Anglican Church?
16.) Who was Jean Calvin? What did he believe in?
17.) Define “Catholic Reformation”—
18.) Define “Edict of Nantes”—
19.) What caused the Thirty Years War?
20.) What decision as made in the Treaty of Westphalia?
21.) What caused the English Civil War?
22.) By 1630, how did literacy rates in England change?
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CHAPTER 17: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WEST, 1450-1750
1.) How did the massive import of gold and silver impact food prices?
2.) How did inflation impact the value of money that was borrowed?
3.) What are two examples of businesses that people participated in to make money?
a. _____________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________
4.) How did the lives of European peasants begin to improve?
5.) Define “proletariat”—
6.) Why did people during the 17th centuries protest the government? What were they fighting for?
7.) Why did the witchcraft persecutions happen?
8.) How many “witches” were killed during this time? _____________________________________________
9.) Define “Scientific Revolution”—
10.) Complete the chart based on the new ideas/inventions during the Scientific Revolution:
Scientist
Invention or Idea
Copernicus
Kepler
Galileo
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Scientist
Invention or Idea
William
Harvey
Rene
Descartes
Francis
Bacon
John Locke
11.) Define “deism”—
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CHAPTER 17: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WEST, 1450-1750
1.) Define “absolute monarchy”—
2.) Who was King Louis XIV?
3.) Why King Louis XIV a perfect example of an absolute monarchy?
4.) What are two things that Louis did to impacted trade or the French economy?
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
5.) How did absolute monarchs use their military?
6.) Define “Glorious Revolution”—
7.) Define “parliamentary monarchy”—
8.) What is a nation state?
9.) List two characteristics of a nation state.
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
10.) Who was Frederick the Great? What did he accomplish in central Europe?
11.) Define “Enlightenment”—
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12.) What are two ideas that came out during the Enlightenment?
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
13.) Complete the chart based on Enlightenment thinkers:
Person
Thought/Ideas
Adam Smith
Denis Diderot
Mary
Wollstonecraft
14.) How was family life changing after the Enlightenment?
15.) Define “mass consumerism”—
16.) How did the potato change the lives of people in Europe?
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CHAPTER 18: RISE OF RUSSIA
1.) What are two problems that new rulers face?
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
2.) What is the name for the ruler in Russia? __________________
3.) What are three important lessons taken from Russian (and world) history?
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________________
4.) What was another name for the Mongols? ____________
5.) Who was Ivan III (Ivan the Great)?
6.) How was Russia’s rise similar to Macedonian and Roman expansion?
7.) What are two ways that the Russians adopted Mongol culture?
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
8.) How did the Russians recruit soldiers?
9.) Who was Ivan IV? Why was he considered “The Terrible”?
10.) Define “Cossacks”—
11.) How did the tsars reward bureaucrats and nobles while the territory was expanding?
12.) Define “Time of Troubles”—
13.) Define “Romanov Dynasty”—
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14.) What did each member of the Romanov Dynasty do for Russia?
Michael
Romanov
Alexis Romanov
15.) Define “Old Believers”—
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CHAPTER 18: RISE OF RUSSIA
1.) Who was Peter I? What did he want to do for Russia?
2.) How did Peter I deal with revolts in his empire?
3.) How did Peter use secret police in Russia?
4.) What other countries did Peter I go to war with?
a. ____________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________
5.) How did Peter the Great attempt to westernize Russia? Fill out the chart below with how he changed
these parts of Russia:
How Peter I changed or impacted this:
Military
Navy
Metallurgical
and Mining
Industries
Marriages
Clothing
Changing the
Elite Class
6.) How did peasants feel about Peter’s reforms?
7.) What happened after the death of Peter the Great in 1724?
8.) Who was Catherine the Great?
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9.) How did Catherine respond to the Pugachev Rebellion?
10.) How did Catherine the Great treat the peasants?
11.) How did Catherine the Great feel about Western-style art and architecture?
12.) What was the partition of Poland?
13.) By the time Catherine the Great had died in 1796, what are two ways Russia changed?
a. _____________________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________________
14.) Complete the chart by summarizing the Themes in Early Modern Russian History starting on page 410:
Serfdom
Estate
Agriculture,
Trade &
Dependence
Social Unrest
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