Q1
What do all hot objects emit?
Q4
What colour surfaces emit Infra red
the best?
Q7
In which substance (solid liquid or
gas) do the particles have the most
energy and which have the least energy in them
Q2
How can you increase the
amount of Infra red radiation an
object gives out?
Q5
Which surfaces are poor emitters
and poor absorbers of Infra red
radiation
Q8
What are the three ways in which
heat travels?
Q3
What colour absorbs Infra red the
best?
Q6
Which surfaces are good reflectors of Infra red radiation?
Q9
How does heat travel in solids?
A3
A2
Dark Matt
Make it hotter and increase the
length of time it gives out IR
A5
A6
Light shiny surfaces
Light ,shiny surfaces
A8
A9
By conduction
A1
Infra Red radiation
A4
Dark Matt surfaces
A7
Conduction
Convection & radiation
Least in solids
Most in gasses
Q10
Q11
Why are metals good conductors?
How does heat travel though solids other than metals?
Is it quick or slow?
Q13
What is 4?
What does it prevent?
Q16
Does heat rise? Explain
Q14
Where does heat escape
by conduction?
Q17
What is happening here? (4 marks)
Q12
What type of heat transfer
is happening here?
Q15
What could you do to make a towel dry out more quickly?
Q18
Which parts are silvered?
A12
A11
Conduction
By the atoms vibrating into each
other and setting each other off. It
is a slow process.
A15
A14
Increase the surface area (spread
it out)
Blow over it
Increase the temperature
Through 1 & 6 and though the glass
3&5
A18
3&5
A10
Because they have free electrons
in them that can carry energy heat
energy very quickly
A13
A vacuum (space - no air)
Heat loss by convection and conduction
A17
A16
The air is heated (1 mark)
The particles move faster (1 mark)
The gas expands (1 mark)
It becomes less dense (1 mark)
It rises (1 mark)
It is called convection (1 mark)
No!! Hot things expand. They get
less dense ( less heavy for their size)
and “float” upwards
Q19
What happens to the temperature
of a liquid as it starts to evaporate? Why?
Q22
Q20
Why do African Elephants have
such big ears?
Q23
A substance has a low U value. What
does this mean?
Q25
Double glazing has a payback time
of about 40 years. What does that
mean?
How does this work? (5
marks)
Q26
What do we notice about the light
from 99% of the galaxies?
What is this effect called?
Q21
What does the Red Shift of galaxies
support?
Q24
What is the formula linking Heat
energy & Specific Heat Capacity
Q27
A substance has a high U value
A21
A20
That the Universe is expanding
and that everything started from a
small point. It supports the Big
Bang theory.
To allow them to cool down their
blood
A larger surface area allows thermal energy to transfer more
rapidly
A24
A23
E is energy in Joules
m is mass in Kg
Θ is temperature rise in degrees Celsius
c is specific heat capacity in J/Kg°C
A27
It is a good conductor
There are 2 separate water circuits
The solar collector is black
The black absorbs the heat
The water going through the collector is
heated.
It then heats up the water in the cylinder
A19
The liquid gets cooler. In order to
escape the liquid the particles
need to get energy which they get
from hot objects. The highest energy particles escape leaving the
slower moving particles behind.
A22
It is an insulator
A26
A25
The wavelength of the light has
been stretched. It is called red Shift
The time it takes for the total savings
made from heat loss to cover the cost
of putting in the double glazing in
Q28
Q29
Define What do we mean by Specific Heat Capacity?
Get this spot on!
Q31
What is this a Sankey diagram of?
Where could you put a thermometer and observe a temperature rise?
Q32
What determines how quickly
something cools down?
Q34
What is payback time?
Q35
Double glazing costs £4000. It
saves £200 of heat per year. What is
its payback time?
Q30
Draw a sSankey diagram for a filament lamp
Q33
What happens to an object the
hotter it is compared to its surroundings?
Q36
Draught proofing around a door costs
£10. It saves £20 a year. What is its
payback time?
A30
A29
A33
A32
It cools faster than a cooler object
A36
Half a year or 6 months
£10 / £20per year = 0.5 years
Above the red light
(Where it says screen!)
This is where the Infra-red is
The Surface area and volume
The material the object is made
from
The nature of the surface the object
is in contact with
A35
20 years
(4000/ 200 = 20 years)
A28
The amount of energy required to
change the temperature of one
Kilogram of substance by one degree Celsius
A31
An energy efficient lightbulb
A34
The time it takes for the savings
made by installing a device equals
the time it took to pay for the device
Q37
What is the law of conservation
of energy?
Q40
Q38
What does dissipate mean?
Q41
What does this demonstrate?
What are the formulae for Efficiency?
Make sure you know how to use them
Q43
What is the formula that links Energy, Power and time?
How will you remember this?
Q39
What happens to all energy eventually? Use scientific language
Q42
What does amplitude tell you
about a sound wave?
Q44
Why do we use Kilowatt Hours
KWh rather than Joules when measuring Energy used at home?
Q45
A 3000W device runs for 2 hours.
Each KWh costs 12 p. How much
does it cost to run it?
A39
A38
To spread out
.It dissipates as heat
(it escapes as waste energy in the
form of heat and becomes more
spread out)
A41
A42
How loud it is
A45
72p
3000W = 3KW
3KW x 2 hours (Use E=Pt)
6KWh
6KWh x 12 = 72p
The Doppler Effect
If a source of waves moves away
from you its frequency lowers (and
wavelength increases). If it moves
towards you its frequency increases
(and wavelength shortens)
A44
One KWh = 3 600 000J. Joules are
too small for homes
A37
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can be stored, transferred usefully or dissipated
A40
A43
Energy = Power x time
EPt
Q46
Q47
What is Power?
What are its units?
Q49
How many Kilowatt hours are transferred by a 2000 watt heater running
for 2 hours?
Q52
What are the advantages of Nuclear
Power?
What does Kilo mean
Mega?
Giga?
Q50
What do we mean by the start up
time of a power station?
Q53
What are the advantages of Gas, oil
& coal Power stations?
Q48
What is a Kilowatt hour
Q51
Which Power stations have a short
start up time?
Q54
What are the advantages of wind, &
solar power
A48
A47
The amount of energy transferred
if a 1000 W machine works for 1
hour
thousand (1000)
million (1 000 000)
Billion (1 000 000 000)
A50
A51
HEP (Hydro)
Pump Storage
A54
No fuel is burnt. It uses renewable
energy.
Do not produce CO2– a greenhouse
gas
The time it takes a power station to
be giving out full power from a cold
start
A53
They produce a lot of energy. They
are relatively easy and cheap to
build
A46
The rate at which energy is transferred. That is the amount of energy per second.
It is measured in Watts, Kilowatts , Megawatts! Or Gigawatts
A49
4KWh
remember to turn Watts into Kilowatts
A52
They produce a lot of Energy &
Little Carbon Dioxide
Q55
What are the disadvantages of solar cells?
Q58
What are the disadvantages of gas, oil
& coal power stations?
Q56
What law is obeyed when waves
are reflected?
Q59
Complete this sentence..
Q57
What are the disadvantages of Nuclear Power?
Q60
What is the National Grid?
The further away a galaxy is ….
Q61
What does a step up transformer
do?
Q62
Why should the current in a power
line be small?
Q63
What do all electromagnetic waves
have in common?
A57
A56
i=r
Having to get rid of radioactive
waste.
It costs a lot to demolish
(decommission)
A60
A network for distributing electricity from power stations
around the country
A63
They all travel at the speed of light.
A59
The bigger the red shift and the
faster it is travelling.
A62
Less energy is lost as heat if the
current is small
A55
No Sun = no power
Very expensive
Don’t produce a lot of power.
A58
They release a lot of CO2 which increases global warming and sulphur
dioxide which causes acid rain
A61
Raises the voltage but lowers the current
Q64
What sort of wave is this?
Q67
What do waves transfer?
Q70
Which way do the particles vibrate
in this wave?
Q65
What way do the particles vibrate in this wave?
Q68
What sort of wave is this?
Q71
What can’t sound waves pass
through?
Q66
What does a step down transformer
do?
Q69
Are sound waves longitudinal or
transverse?
Q72
What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum? In order of highest
frequency to least
A66
A65
Lowers the voltage but raises the
current
At 90 degrees to the direction in
which the energy travels
A68
A69
Transverse
Longitudinal
A72
Gamma rays, Xrays, Ultraviolet,
Visible, Infra Red, Micro Waves,
Radio Waves
A71
A64
Longitudinal
A67
Energy
A70
A Vacuum
In the same plane as the direction
the wave is travelling.
Q73
What is the range of lengths of
the parts of the electromagnetic
spectrum?
Q76
What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum? In order of most energy to least
Q79
When will diffraction be greatest?
Q74
When a wave hits a surface what
might it do?
Q77
What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum? In order of
longest wavelength to least
Q80
What is this called?
Q75
What is this called?
Q78
Label this longitudinal wave
Q81
What would happen if the light travelled along the normal?
A75
A74
It might be
Diffraction
A73
10-15 to 104 m
Reflected
Refracted
Absorbed or Diffracted
A78
A77
Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infra Red
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma Rays
A81
It would not refract (bend). It would
go straight through.
A80
A76
Gamma rays
Xrays
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infra Red
Micro Waves
Radio Waves
A79
Refraction
When the gap through which the
wave goes through is similar in size
to the wavelength.
Q82
What is meant by the amplitude
of a wave?
Q85
What do we use Microwaves for?
Q88
What is wavelength measured in?
Q83
What are the units of frequency
Q86
Draw 3 different wavelengths on
a diagram
Q89
What do we use radio waves for?
Q84
What is the wave Equation?
Q87
What do we mean by the frequency of a wave?
Q90
What do we use Infra Red for?
A84
A83
Hertz (Hz)
v=f x λ
A82
Half the total height of a
wave
Velocity = Frequency x wavelength
A87
A86
A85
How many times it vibrates per
second
A90
Remote controls, grills, night vision
Mobile phones and satellite TV +
cooking
A89
A88
TV, Radio
metres
Q91
What is the dashed line called?
Q92
What sort of image is produced
by a plane mirror?
Q93
What does the frequency of a sound
wave tell you?
(you will want to explain what
these mean)
Q94
Q
Q
What is the Cosmic microwave Background radiation.
What does it support?
Q
Q
Q
A93
The pitch of the note.
A
A
A92
Virtual, upright & laterally inverted
A
A91
Normal
A94
A form of radiation that
fills the Universe. It comes from
radiation that was present shortly
after the birth of the Universe.
Its existence supports the theory of
the Big Bang.
A
A
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A