2013
29
:
(P.T.S.D)
.
.
(P.T.S.D)
-
(P.T.S.D)
.(
.
-
)
-
.
(72)
(10- 6)
199
(
(23)
)
(40)
.
(17)
(2010)
.
:
(P.T.S.D)
.
(P.T.S.D)
.
.
.
(P.T.S.D)
.
200
2013
29
:
.(Michell & Everly, 1995) (Psychotraumatology)
Traumatic Event
Trauma
)
. Traumatology
(
.( Sunday & Suzan, 1985, 79)
"
.(DSM.4 TR, 2000. P 424) "
(P.T.S.D)
201
.(Johnson, 1989,P.33)
.
.
Potential crisis
Erikson
.(205
)
2001
.
(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
.
:
202
2013
29
.
.(60
1999
)
.
(P.T.S.D)
- 10
(P.T.S.D)
.
.%15
.(Nimh, 2008,P.22)
.
. (P.T.S.D)
(
1995
)
)
.(78
"
203
.(Macksoud & All, 1993, p. 628) "
.
.
%36
(14 - 3)
(11 - 8)
)(
2001
%38
%62)
.(173
%10- 5
5
DSM4 TR , )
15
(DSM4)
%1
10
%5- 3
.(2000, P. 120
(Children Trauma)
(P.T.S.D.)
Keana, )
.(1986, P. 424
.
:
.
204
2013
29
:
(P.T.S.D)
-
-
.
-
.
.
10 - 6
-
.
(P.T.S.D)
.
-
.
.
205
:
:
(P.T.S.D)
-1
.
.
(P.T.S.D)
-2
(P.T.S.D)
-3
.(
-
.
)
-4
:
(P.T.S.D)
-1
.
(P.T.S.D)
-2
.
.
-3
(P.T.S.D)
-4
.
-5
.
206
2013
29
:
:(P.T.S.D.)
-
.
.
(DSM4 TR , 2000, P. 463) .
(P.T.S.D.)
.
Enuresis(Not Due medical condition) :
to a General
2000, P. 121 )
.(DSM4-TR
.
207
:
:(P.T.S.D.)
:
:
(DSM.4-TR
2000)
:
-
-1
.
-2
.
.
(
)
-
:
-1
.
.
.
-2
.
-3
.
.
208
2013
29
-4
.
-5
.
:
.
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.
-6
.
(
-7
)
:
.
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
209
-4
.
-5
)
.
"
"
.
:
:
.
:
.
:
:
(DSM-4-TR .2000.P.467- 468) .
(P.T.S.D.)
:
.
.
.
(DSM -4 TRTM 2000. P119-120) .
210
2013
29
:
:
(1995)
-
87
34
(15- 8)
53
.
(
%50
%54
)
.
.
%35
%52
%13
.
":
-
1995
"
.
150
1991/ 2/ 13
211
417
(261)
14
1521
.
.
%5
%37
(P.T.S.D)
%19
.
%6
%65
%84
Goldstein, Wampler & Wise, (1997)
-
The effect of traumatizing events ( as war trauma) in .
children in Bosnia.
.
.
(12 -6)
(304)
.
.
.
:
The
Vojvode (1998)
-
."
symptoms of PTSD in Bosnian refugees after settling for a year in the USA.
.
.
PTSD
212
(34)
2013
12.5
29
PTSD
. 20. 6
PTSD
.
."
":
(2002)
-
(PTSD)
.
9
.
.
P.T.S.D
":
/
(
(2003)
-
)
:
."
.
"
.
213
"
.
":
(2004)
."
.
.
.
(2007) (UNHCR)
."
":
IPSOS
(1138)
% 89
.
%91 PTSD
.
. 2007/ 12/ 25
%67
."
":
11/ 31
%81
(2009)
-
(950)
%88
214
.
.
2013
%95
.
29
%45
%78
%92
%31
.
:
(2010)
-
.
:
.
.
.
:
(DSM.4-TR
:
2000)
)
.
(A
215
(B
)
)
.(C
. (DSM .4 TRTM 2000, P118) (D
)
)
)
(
.
(DSM - 4 TRTM 2000. P119-120) ..
:
:
.
(10- 6)
216
(1999)
-
2013
29
.
298
149
10- 6
.
.
/
.
:
-
Sureshkumar et al., (2009)
Risk Factors for Nocturnal Enuresis in School-Age Children .
(8230)
.
:
.
(
)
(
(%12.3)
7)
(%18.2)
.
:
(%3.6)
.
.
217
.
(%2.5)
:
(6- 1)
":
-
Van Kampen et al., (2009)
."
Influence of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises on Full Spectrum Therapy for Nocturnal
Enuresis
.
(63)
(31)
(32)
(Gasthuisberg)
.
))
:
. ((
:
.
(%89)
6
.
.
(%37.9)
.
(
)
)):
Ghanizadeh (2010)
. ((
Co morbidity of Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
.
218
-
2013
29
DSM-TV
(153)
35
(115)
. (172)
.
:
Von Gontard et al.,
-
(2011)
.
Family History of Nocturnal Enuresis and Urinary Incontinence: Results From a
. Large Epidemiological Study
(22000)
.
.
(%12.8)
(%15.5)
(7.5)
.
.
219
(%2.6)
:
.(Goldstein, Wampler & Wise, 1997) (1995
)
(Vojvode, 1998)
) (2003
) (2002
)
)
.(2010
(2004
. (2007 UNHCR)
(Sureshkumar et al., 2009) (1999
)
(Ghanizadeh, 2010)
Von
2011)
Gontard et al., (
.
:
.
220
2013
29
:
(72)
:
-
(10- 6)
(
)
.
(
)
.
(40)
.(22
2006
10 - 6
(32)
.
(17)
(23)
(1)
6
7
8
9
10
221
23
17
57.5
42.5
10
11
10
5
4
40
25.0
27.5
25.0
12.5
10.0
100
)
:
-
10- 6
:
.
:
.
(
. 2010/ 7/ 1
-
)
2010/ 2/ 11
:
-
:
:
:(2010)
(
-1
)
:
(38)
.(1
)(
)
.
(%85)
.
.
222
2013
29
( )
:
( )
(2 )
.
15
15
48.66
10.332
20.5373
9.06064
6.510
0,01
:
:
:
(30)
-1
:
(0,89)
0,86,5
-
0,7094
.(13)
:
.(0,813)
-
(0,85- 0,69)
(30)
:
(14- 10)
223
(%89)
(
)
(0,01)
:
(3)
PTSD
0.93
0.88
0.86
0.89
(2
0.79
0.65
0.93
0.86
0.87
0.69
0.87
0.81
)
-2
.
:
":
)
"
(P.T.S.D)
.(4)
(kendalls tau-b
(4 )
0.406
40
224
0.002
2013
29
(4)
(0.406)
(0.05)
(0.002)
":
.
."
(P.T.S.D)
:
.
.
.
.
":
(
)
(P.T.S.D)
.
(5 )
0.122
40
225
0.455
(5)
(0.455)
(0.122)
.
(0.05)
(10- 6)
.
.
":
.
-
."
(6)
0.201
40
0.164
(6 )
(0.164)
(0.201)
.
226
(0.05)
2013
29
.
":
-
Mann-)
(P.T.S.D)
:
(Whitney Test
(P.T.S.D)
(7)
Z
23
51.96
17
55.47
0.890 -
0.373
(7 )
(0.373)
.(0.890)=Z
.
(0.05)
.
.
227
) .
(Alexandria, 2005,P.15
":
(
-
)
:(8)
(40 = )
(8 )
"Z"
23
0.35
17
0.53
1.134 -
0.257
(8 )
(0.257)
, .(-1.134) z
.
(0.05)
.
(11 - 8)
.(173
2001
)(
228
%38
%62)
2013
29
:
.
-
.
-
.
.
229
:
.
.(1999) .
-
.
:
.(1995) .
.
:
.
.1
.
.(2009) .
.
:
.
-
.
.
.(2005) .
.
:
.(2003) .
:
.
"
.
.(2001) .
.
:
.1 .
)
-
(1 )
.(2005) .
.
.1
-
.
.
:
.4
:
.
.(1998) .
.
230
.1 .(
-
2013
29
.(2010) .
-
.
.
:
.(1995) .
:
-
.
.
.
.
.(1995) .
.
:
-
.
.
:
.(1994) .
-
.(2002) .
.
-
.
.(13)
:
.(49)
.
.(2004) .
:
.
-
.
.
:
.2
.
.(1993) .
.
:
.
.(2002) .
-
.
.(1999) .
.
.
:
231
.
(10- 6)
-
.
:
.
.(2006) .
-
.(1999) .
.
:
-
.
:
- DSM.4-TR (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association.
- Ghanizadeh. A. (2010). Co morbidity of Enuresis in Children with Attention
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of attention disorders V 13-N 5 ( 464-467).
- Goldstein, R. Wampler, N., & Wise, B. (1997). War Experiences and Distress
Symptoms of Bosnian Children, Pediatrucs. 100 No,5. 873- 878.
- Johnson. Kendal. (1989). Trauma in the lives of children crisis and stress
management techniques for counsellors and other professionals hunter-house.
- Keana, T. (1986). Defining Traumatic Stress, Behavior Therapy V 16, P: 419- 424.
- Koling, chan (2009). Sexual evidence Against women and children in Chinese
societies Published by SAGE. http://www.sagepuplications.com.
- Macksoud M. et al., (1993). Traumatic War experience and Their effects on
children in Wilson J & B: Traumatic Stress Syndrome Plenum Press, New York.
- Michell S. T. & Everly G. S. (1995). Critical incident stress debriefing cist: Am
operations manual for the prevention of Traumatic stress among emergency service
& disaster work Ellicott city.
- Moore, R.H.(1993) . Traumatic. Incident Reduction Agentive Emotive Treatments
of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Sage publication London new Delhi.
- NIMH, G.(2008). national institute of mental health New Yurok.
-Sunday R. & Suzan T. (1985). Violence Against Women: a Critique of the Sociobiology of Rap, Gordian Pr, Mishawaka, IN, U.S.A.
- Sureshkumar, Premala et al., (2009). Risk Factors for Nocturnal Enuresis in
School-Age Children, The Journal of Urology, Volume 182, Issue 6, December
2009, Page2893- 2899.
232
2013
29
- Tumpline T. (2007). The Physical and Mental Status of Iraqi Refugees and its
Aetiology. Wan estate University.
- UNHCR (2007). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees IPSOS Survey
on Iraqi Refugees 31\11- 25\ 12\ 2007 Final results.
- Van Kampen et al., (2009). Influence of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises on Full
Spectrum Therapy for Nocturnal Enuresis, The Journal of Urology
Volume 182, Issue 4, Supplement 1, October 2009, Pages 2067-2071.
- Vojvode D. (1998). PTSD Symptoms is Bosnian Refugees 1 year after American
Psychiatric Association. Resettlement in USA.
- Von Gontard et al., (2011). Family History of Nocturnal Enuresis and Urinary
Incontinence: Results From a Large Epidemiological Study, The Journal of Urology,
Volume 185, Issue 6, June 2011, Pages 2303-2307.
.
2011/ 8/ 3
233