Unit 3: Free energy and Cell energy use Directed Reading Questions
After reading 109-117
Define the following terms:
thermodynamics, kilocalories, joule, entropy, free energy endergonic, exergonic, enzyme,
activation energy, catalysis, substrate, active site, enzyme cofactors, inhibitor
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?
2. Why does the amount of energy available to do work decrease?
3. What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
4. Explain this equation: G= H – TS.
5. Explain figures 6.4 a & b.
6. Explain figure 6.5.
7. What does ATP stand for?
8. Draw an ATP molecule.
9. Explain how catalysts lower activations energy.
10. Explain why catalyst don’t break the laws of thermodynamics.
11. Describe how enzymes work.
12. What do enzyme names usually end in?
13. Explain the relationship between metabolism and enzymes.
14. What is a multienzyme complex and what are its advantages?
15. Are all biological catalysts proteins? Explain.
16. What are 3 factors that impact enzyme activity? Explain how each one affects enzymes.
After reading 117-119:
Answer the following questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is metabolism?
How does ATP store and release energy?
Contrast anabolism with catabolism.
What are biochemical pathways?
Describe the feedback mechanism that regulates biochemical pathways and explain
why they exist.
After reading 123-143:
Define the following terms:
aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, fermentation, ATP synthase, Glycolysis, Krebs
cycle, electron transport chain, Chemiosmosis, mitochondria, crista, matrix
Answer the following questions:
1. What are redox reactions? (use figure 7.1)
2. Explain the role of electron caries in energy metabolism.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How do cells make ATP?
What is the chemical equation for respiration?
Draw figure 7.5.
Make a chart of the 3 main steps of aerobic respiration. Include the reactants, products,
energy yields, important molecules involved in each step, where in the cell it takes
place (or specific part of the mitochondria), the purpose of the step and show where the
6 carbons are at each stage of the process.
7. Explain relationship between NADH, reduction, and high energy electrons. ( fig 7.11
might help)
8. What role do NAD+ and NADH play in respiration?
9. Explain how ATP synthase works and why it is important use figure 7.15 in your
explanation.
10. Why does fermentation occur?
11. Briefly summarize the evolution of metabolism and explain the connection to the “4 big
ideas” of this course.
After reading 147-163:
Define the following terms:
Photosynthesis, chloroplast, stoma, Granum, stroma, absorption spectra, pigment, photon,
wavelength, carbon fixation
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
2. Summarize the process of photosynthesis and include a diagram to show what stages
of the biochemical pathways occur where. Also include the roles of the molecules
involved in each stage. Use figures 8.2, 8.14, 8.15, and 8.18 to help you answer this
question.
3. Copy figure 8.4 and explain the relationship between energy & wavelength.
4. What photons contain the most energy?
5. What are the main pigments involved in photosynthesis and what are their roles?
6. What is the relationship between the absorption spectra and plant pigments?
7. Is the light we see the light that is reflected or absorbed? What color is Chlorophyll?
What color are carotenoids?
8. What are the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and respiration (Hint:
use figure 8.19 to help you answer this question)?