Solid Earth
Discussions
This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Solid Earth (SE).
Please refer to the corresponding final paper in SE if available.
Discussion Paper
Solid Earth Discuss., 4, 33–130, 2012
www.solid-earth-discuss.net/4/33/2012/
doi:10.5194/sed-4-33-2012
© Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
|
Received: 6 November 2011 – Accepted: 13 November 2011 – Published: 19 January 2012
Correspondence to: L. Ostřihanský ([email protected])
Discussion Paper
|
33
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Discussion Paper
Nad Palatou 7, 150 00 Prague 5 – Smı́chov, Czech Republic
|
L. Ostřihanský
Discussion Paper
Earth’s rotation variations and
earthquakes 2010–2011
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
5
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
|
34
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
In contrast to unsuccessful searching (lasting over 150 years) for correlation of earthquakes with biweekly tides, the author found correlation of earthquakes with sidereal
13.66 days Earth’s rotation variations expressed as length of a day (LOD) measured
daily by International Earth’s Rotation Service. After short mention about earthquakes
M 8.8 Denali Fault Alaska 3 November 2002 triggered on LOD maximum and M 9.1
Great Sumatra earthquake 26 December 2004 triggered on LOD minimum and the full
Moon, the main object of this paper are earthquakes of period 2010–June 2011: M 7.0
Haiti (12 January 2010 on LOD minimum, M 8.8 Maule Chile 12 February 2010 on
LOD maximum, map constructed on the Indian plate revealing 6 earthquakes from 7 on
LOD minimum in Sumatra and Andaman Sea region, M 7.1 New Zealand Christchurch
9 September 2010 on LOD minimum and M 6.3 Christchurch 21 February 2011 on
LOD maximum, and M 9.1 Japan near coast of Honshu 11 March 2011 on LOD minimum. It was found that LOD minimums coincide with full or new Moon only twice in
a year in solstices. To prove that determined coincidences of earthquakes and LOD extremes stated above are not accidental events, histograms were constructed of earthquake occurrences and their position on LOD graph deeply in the past, in some cases
from the time the IERS (International Earth’s Rotation Service) started to measure the
Earth’s rotation variations in 1962. Evaluations of histograms and the Schuster’s test
have proven that majority of earthquakes are triggered in both Earth’s rotation deceleration and acceleration. Because during these coincidences evident movements of
lithosphere occur, among others measured by GPS, it is concluded that Earth’s rotation variations effectively contribute to the lithospheric plates movement. Retrospective
overview of past earthquakes revealed that the Great Sumatra earthquake 26 December 2004 had its equivalent in the shape of LOD graph, full Moon position, and character of aftershocks 19 years earlier in difference only one day to 27 December 1985
earthquake, proving that not only sidereal 13.66 days variations but also that the 19
years Metons cycle is the period of the earthquakes occurrence. Histograms show the
Discussion Paper
Abstract
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
1 Introduction
35
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
|
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
Discussion Paper
20
|
15
Discussion Paper
10
Consideration of the Earth’s rotation as a factor influencing the Earth’s surface is based
on very old data. Already Darwin (1881) recognized that owing to the Earth’s rotation,
the equatorial regions are subjected to greater forces than the polar regions. Böhm von
Böhmersheim (1910) presented an opinion that the Earth’s rotation and its changes is
an energy source of orogenetic processes. Next I mention authors Veronnet (1927),
Schmidt (1948) and Stovas (1957). The development of Earth’s rotation theories begins after the confirmation of Earth’s rotation variations by comparison with the atomic
clock and later by exact measurements using baseline interferometry (Munk and MacDonald 1960). The detailed conception presented cites Chebanenko (1963), considering inertial forces acting on continents requiring, however, the slip of the Earth’s
crust. Relation of the deep fault tectonics to rotation changes considers also MacDonald (1963). After confirmation of the continental drift by interpretation of linear
magnetic anomalies and dating of oceanic basalts by Morley and Vine and Mathews
(1963) and introduction of the plate tectonics principles, hypotheses occurred considering tidal forces as driving agents of the plate movements (Bostrom, 1971; Knopoff
and Leeds, 1972; Moore, 1973). These hypotheses were rejected by estimation of the
mantle viscosity by Cathles (1975), and Jordan (1975) presented a simple calculation
that the mantle viscosity should be 10 orders of magnitude lower to make possible
the movement, and most of geophysicists preferred the mantle convection as the plate
driving agent originated in Holmes (1939) and later in McKenzie and Weiss (1975) and
others. Later, Ranalli (2000) supported such hypotheses refusing the rotational drag as
driving agent. Then 20 years ago at XX. General Assembly of the International Union
of Geodesy and Geophysics in Vienna 1991, the author (Ostřihanský, 1991) presented
|
5
Discussion Paper
regular change of earthquake positions on branches of LOD graph and also the shape
of histogram and number of earthquakes on LOD branches from the mid-ocean ridge
can show which side of the ridge moves quicker.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Variations of the Earth’s rotation are caused by the effects of Moon and Sun deforming the Earth’s shape and by this way the Earth’s angular polar moment of inertia
leading to the change of its rotation velocity according the law of angular momentum
conservation (Wahr, 1988). The Earth’s rotation velocity is measured daily by IERS
(International Earth’s Rotation Service) (Figs. 1–4), expressed as the length of a day
(LOD) in seconds. The LOD is therefore dependent on Moon and Sun configuration, on
Discussion Paper
36
|
25
2 Earth’s rotation variations, syzygy and hardly explainable coincidences with
earthquakes
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
a hypothesis that Earth’s rotation variations trigger earthquakes and introduce lithospheric plates into movement. In the monograph “The causes of lithospheric plates
movements” (Ostřihanský, 1997), the hypothesis was elaborated in detail. The two
largest earthquakes of this century, the large M 8.9 Denali Fault Alaska earthquake in
2002 and the M 9.1 Great Sumatra earthquake in 2004, confirmed this hypothesis. It
has been shown that plates moving westward move mostly in Earth’s rotation deceleration and plates moving northward move in Earth’s rotation acceleration (Ostřihanský,
2004); however, the following earthquake at Sumatra 28 March 2005 contradicted this
concept. In the meantime, extensive investigation in global tectonic earthquakes have
shown evidence of a correlation with diurnal tides (Tanaka et al., 2002; Cochran et al.,
2004). The Sumatra 26 December 2004 earthquake was triggered not only on exact
winter Earth’s rotation maximum speed but also on the full Moon. This inspired Crocket
et al. (2006) to present a hypothesis of earthquake correlation with biweekly tides. This
hypothesis was strictly refused by Cochran and Vidale (2007), presenting histograms
of global data. Supporters of the Earth’s rotation effect are also Doglioni et al. (2007),
showing that geological and geophysical asymmetries of rifts and subduction zones are
a function of their polarity and may be interpreted as controlled by some astronomical
mechanical shear (Scoppola et al., 2006). Crespi et al. ( 2007) have shown that plates
◦
follow a westward mainstream but incline to equator ± 7 .
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
37
|
Discussion Paper
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
position of these bodies to the equator, which part of the Earth’s surface these bodies
pass over oceans and continents during their apparent daily movement, in less extent
on atmospheric effects, however more distinctly on El Nino or La Nina effects (Rosen
et al., 1984; Ostřihanský, 2004). The time span from the Moon’s crossing the equator
to another equatorial crossing during its apparent movement takes 13.66 days. However, the corresponding Earth’s decelerations can be different, depending on whether
the Moon crosses the equator from Southern (mostly oceanic) to Northern Hemisphere
(larger deceleration), or from Northern Hemisphere to Southern Hemisphere (smaller
deceleration). The Sun causes semiannual variations: On the LOD graph there are
winter and summer accelerations. More distinct is the summer acceleration (shifted to
the late summer in July), caused by the heating of the Northern (mostly continental)
Hemisphere and corresponding volume expansion in summer (Kalenda et al., 2010).
Meteorological effect and atmospheric super rotation (e.g., Hide, 1984) can be also
considered.
As introduction to this paragraph, I strictly mention the Denali Fault and Sumatra
earthquakes, which initiated my investigation. The Denali Fault Alaska earthquake is
an arc shaped rupture and its central part is roughly sub parallel to latitudes. It reflects
the boundary between the slow westward movement of the American plate in higher
latitudes and quicker NW movement of the Pacific plate. Therefore, it is sensitive to deceleration of the Earth’s rotation and accordingly the M 8.9 earthquake of 3 November
2002 was triggered during the Earth’s rotation deceleration (Fig. 1) (Ostřihanský, 2010)
in LOD maximum. Because the earthquake was triggered on the third LOD maximum
peak, the resonance effect is considered as an earthquake increasing factor.
For the next investigation l chose the group of earthquakes on faults subparallel with
longitudes. The investigated rectangle (14◦ N–5◦ S, 105–90◦ E of earthquakes taken
from USGS NEIC and ANSS Catalog) was chosen on the west side of continental lithosphere on the Eurasian plate to avoid westward pressures. These earthquakes cover
the subduction zone of the Sumatra and Andaman Sea. Northward pressures triggered
earthquakes at the time of Earth’s rotation acceleration on Sumatra 26 December 2004,
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
38
|
Discussion Paper
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
M 9.1 (Fig. 2). Repeating Earth’s rotation accelerations (LOD minimums) triggered this
huge earthquake and tsunamis. According to coincidence with LOD minimum, the
Sumatra earthquake 26 December 2004 was triggered exactly at the time of the full
Moon (Fig. 3b), which evoked hypotheses about biweekly tides triggering (Crockett
et al., 2006).
This study should be distinguished from studies dealing with semidiurnal or biweekly
tidal triggering of earthquakes, which for more than 150 years (first attempts are described in Varga and Denis (2010) and over the Schuster’s test (Schuster, 1911)
present mostly negative results. These attempts are based on comparison of tidal
semidiurnal phase between high and low tide to earthquakes. Studies of Cochran
et al. (2004) and Tanaka et al. (2002) are considered as positive. Quite negative are
studies of biweekly tides ranging from syzygy in rhythm 14.7 days of lunar synodic
time-scale (Weems and Perry, 1989).
Decisive for the earthquakes triggering are 13.66 days frequencies of sidereal lunar
scale, which reflect the Earth’s deformation in rhythm of Moon’s declination variation.
Variations of Earth’s rotation caused by Moon are ∼ 1.5 ms and by Sun ∼ 3 ms in late
summer, but in longer 182.6 days period. Rotation variations sufficiently shake the
Earth and this knocking effect moves lithospheric plates in hard medium of viscous
19
21
mantle 10 Pa s only two orders of magnitude less viscous than lithosphere 10 Pa s.
Variations of the Earth’s rotation are not negligible if 1 ms = 0.01500 = 46 cm shift on
equator. A 1.5 ms variation shakes the Earth 69 cm in east-west direction. A hypothetical image is offered where deeply rooted continental lithosphere by this periodic
knocking is released and like a pneumatic pick it moves through the mantle by external forces, considered up to now owing to high mantle viscosity as insufficient for the
movement.
Let us perform a simple calculation to compare biweekly tides with Earth’s rotation variations. Substituting the exact sidereal semiperiod of Moon’s orbit t1 =
13.66008305 days and synodial syzygy of the Moon’s full or new semiperiod t2 =
14.765294 days, the coincidence s = t1 · t2 /t2 − t1 = 182.63 days. Therefore, the
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
39
|
Discussion Paper
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
coincidence occurs twice in the year and always at the time of winter or summer solstices. The stable coincidence of LOD minimum with the full or new Moon in solstices
is an interesting phenomenon. The explanation is the following: The LOD minimum
means that the Moon has the highest declination. The full or new Moon means that
Moon, Earth and Sun are on the same line and this means that at that moment the
Moon exerts the largest torque on the Earth’s axis. For this reason the coincidence
of full or new Moon with LOD minimum occur always in winter or summer solstices.
However, from this logically follows that also the full or new Moon has to coincide with
LOD maximums in equinoxes. Solstices and equinoxes are therefore the time of the
largest earthquake activity. In addition, the close frequencies of sidereal and synodial
periods create beats. Table 1 presents results of 17 earthquakes with magnitudes over
M 5.8, which occurred at solstice time from 49 earthquakes triggered in the LOD minimums in chosen rectangle covering the Sumatra and Andaman Sea from 1963 to 2011
with a total 264 earthquakes. The strongest of them, the M 9.1 Sumatra earthquake
of 26 December 2004 (Fig. 3b), already mentioned in Fig. 2, and the next strongest
the Sumatra earthquake of 27 December 1985 (M 6.6) were triggered exactly 19 years
apart. Fig. 3c shows this important repetition. Comparison of Figs. 3b and 3c shows
striking similarity of both earthquakes in maximums and aftershocks. LOD minimums
and the full Moons differ only one day: 26 December 2004 and 27 December 1985, respectively. It is not due to chance the similarity of these two dates during the 19 years
time span because the Metonic cycle governs the earthquake triggering. The Metonic
cycle is a period of very close to 19 years, which is remarkable for being very nearly a
common multiple of solar year and the synodic month. The Greek astronomer Meton
of Athens observed that a period of 19 years is almost exactly equal to 235 synodic
months, and rounded to full days counts 6940 days. No wonder that the earthquakes
of 26 December 2004 and 27 December 1985 coincide not only in the LOD minimum
but also on the full Moon. This configuration represents the greatest torque acting on
the Earth trying to rectify the Earth’s bulging to the plane of ecliptic or the Moon’s orbit.
The lunisolar torque acting on the Earth trying to rectify the Earth’s bulging to the plane
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
5
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
|
40
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
22
of ecliptic and the Moon’s orbit is 1.2 10 N m (Stacey 1977) and the torque caused by
tidal bulging is only 5.1 1016 N m (Burša 1987). For this reason, the movement of plates
northward is stronger than westward unless the continent-continent collision prevents
the movement. However, decisive for the plate movement is the variable shaking of
the Earth by the Earth’s rotation variation, reducing friction. The 19 years earthquake
cycle is probably common in many sites of the Earth but it is not necessary to be so
exact. In the mountain area of Alaska, the 19 year cycle is evident, however delayed for
several months. The first Alaskan earthquake after the LOD measurement is the very
strong earthquake in Prince William Sound, M 8.5, 28 March 1964 on the full Moon and
exact position on the LOD maximum. The next strongest earthquake, M 6.4, occurred
in Prince William Sound on 12 July 1983 with more than 3 months delay on the LOD
summer minimum. The last strongest earthquake, M 6.36, occurred in the 200 km distant Denali Fault on 23 October 2002, again more than 3 months delayed followed by
already mentioned M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 situated exactly
on the LOD maximum, evoked by resonance (Ostřihanský 2010).
Fig. 3b and 3c shows striking similarity of both earthquakes in maximums and aftershocks for Sumatra earthquakes. LOD minimums and full Moons differ for only one day
(26 December 2004 and 27 December 1985) but there are some differences. In Fig. 3b
there are several next minimums: 9 January 2005, 24 January 2005 and 5 February
2005. In Fig. 3c an earthquake is at minimum 20 February 1986 in Fig. 3b is missing.
The earthquake 28 March 2005 occurred shortly after the vernal point and coincidence
of earthquake with LOD maximum was expected. The coincidence occurred however
with 2 days delay, repeating this delay twice in aftershocks (Fig. 3a). It coincides better
with syzygy, typically 2 days after. An assumption is offered that tidal loading triggered
these earthquakes, contributing to the huge flooding after tsunami. However, except of
coincidences summarized in Table 1, there are earthquakes not coinciding with LOD
minimums on solstices. Fig. 3d presents such a case. There are 2 earthquakes coinciding with LOD maximums 9 December 2009 and 23 December 09 and also with
neap tides, i.e. they coincide with the first and last Moon’s quarter. An assumption is
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
3 Characteristics of 2010–2011 earthquakes
Discussion Paper
10
In contrast to the LOD record from 2009 with mostly symmetric 13.66 days variations,
for the whole 2010 year the record is typical, characterized by asymmetric LOD maximums after every 27.32 days corresponding to the Earth’s decelerations. This triggered
some disastrous earthquakes (Figs. 4 and 5), which besides these also included some
disastrous earthquakes in winter and summer minimums.
Variations of the Earth’s rotation coincide with earthquakes, offering strong evidence
that just Earth’s rotation variations can facilitate the lithospheric plates movement over
the mantle.
|
5
Discussion Paper
offered that earthquakes are triggered not only in increased pressures but also in the
release of pressures. LOD maximum indicates the reverse of pressures relatively to
LOD minimum.
|
15
Discussion Paper
|
41
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
20
Identifying the time of magnitude 7.0 Haiti region earthquake on 12 January 2010 with
LOD record, it can be seen that this earthquake corresponds to the quickest Earth’s
rotation, owing to the maximum Moon’s declination, deforming the Earth in direction
to poles, and resulting in a decrease of the polar mass momentum of inertia and the
increment of rotation speed in LOD winter minimum (Fig. 4a). The Haiti earthquake
occurred (Fig. 4e) on the east-west directing transform fault with left-lateral strike slip
faulting on the northern side of the Caribbean plate (Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault
system) (USGS Poster, 2010). This transform fault therefore expresses the quicker
westward movement of the North American plate than the Caribbean plate and probably also than the whole South American plate. No wonder that just during the increment
of Earth’s rotation velocity (minimum of LOD curve) the earthquake occurred.
Discussion Paper
3.1 M 7.0 Haiti region 12 January 2010
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
Discussion Paper
20
|
Increasing LOD amplitudes at the end of January 2010 are displayed by an increased
occurrence of earthquakes in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. After 28 days, the largest LOD
peak (i.e. the Earth’s deceleration) is in coincidence with triggering earthquake M 8.8
Offshore Maule Chile 27 February 2010 (Fig. 4f). This was the 56th earthquake that
occurred in 3 days interval before maximum from 349 earthquakes >M 6 during the
1973–2011 period. The earthquake occurred three days before the maximum length
of a day, i.e. with the slowest Earth rotation of the first half of that year. The Moon
at that time was situated over the equator during its apparent movement. The Earth
had been deformed, which enlarged its equatorial size and evoked an increment of the
polar mass momentum of inertia and the Earth’s rotation deceleration. The enlarged
42
|
3.2 M 8.8 Offshore Maule Chile 27 February 2010
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
The quicker movement of the Northern Hemisphere is also evident from the westward shift of the Mid-Atlantic ridge in the North Atlantic Ocean, whereas in the South
Atlantic Ocean the Mid-Atlantic ridge keeps its original meridional direction. A smaller
opening of the Atlantic Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere shows that also the Eurasian
plate moves westward (Fig. 4b).
A more detailed explanation of the Haiti earthquake origin compares earthquakes
in Enriquillo-Plantain Garden transform fault with earthquakes on Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
which are in close relation (Fig. 4c, d). Variations of the Earth’s rotation by their accelerations and decelerations open the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and trigger shallow earthquakes
in rhythm of inflection points of LOD record. It is not chance that, consequently from
equator to higher latitudes, earthquakes were triggered from the end of December
2009, to as far as an earthquake had occurred at the most western site of the MidAtlantic Ridge on 8 January 2010 (Fig. 4b, d), where the pressure reached maximum.
The westward drift of the American plate, enlarged by the resonance effect of four LOD
minimums (Fig. 4c left), caused distinctive westward shift of the Northern Hemisphere
and triggered the Haiti earthquake on the transform fault at the northern side of the
Caribbean plate.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
43
|
Discussion Paper
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
bulging of oceans caused an increment of the westward drag of the lithosphere. Let us
also mention the extremely high tides off the Argentina coast: Rio Gallegos 29 m. The
fundamental important confirmation of the plate movement was the GPS measurement performed before and after the earthquake, showing an exceptional westward
displacement near the epicenter, entering the city of Concepcion 3.04 m. The most
exciting news was that the whole continent of South Central Chile and Argentina had
displaced itself westward in Buenos Aires 2–4 cm as far north as the Chilean border
with Peru (Fig. 6). This important discovery was performed by international US, Chilean
and Argentinean research groups led by the head of CAP (Central and Southern Andes
GPS Project) Mike Bevis (SOEST News 2010). This GPS measurement confirmed the
quick westward movement of the continental and oceanic part of the South American
plate shown before (Ostřihanský 1997) by the movement and opening of the Scotia
Sea back-arc basin. This is final proof that the South American plate overrides the
oceanic lithosphere of the Nazca plate, which is static or moves very slowly over the
asthenosphere. GPS measurements performed later over a larger part of the southern
region of the South American continent (Madariaga et al., 2010) showed that the GPS
movements follow exactly the westward direction.
In Fig. 4a the record of earthquakes shows that earthquakes (mostly aftershocks
of the Maule Chile) remained at rest after May 2010 till the end of year. Only two
earthquakes occurred over 6th magnitude: The earthquake M 7.1 Ecuador 12 August
2010 (depth 106 km) and the earthquake M 6.2 in vicinity of Maule Chile (50 km south)
at depth 16 km on 9 September 2010. Both of these earthquakes coincide exactly with
maximums of LOD record corresponding to the Earth’s rotation deceleration and the
westward movement of the whole South American plate in the same way as the Maule
Chile earthquake confirmed.
Most of the earthquakes in the Chile Trench, as shown by the earthquake M 8.8
Maule Chile, are preceded by an earthquake on Mid Atlantic Ridge (black bars –
Fig. 4f). However, at the beginning of 2011 a change occurred: The earthquake M 7.1
Araucania 2 January 2011 occurred at LOD minimum followed by earthquakes in the
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
Discussion Paper
20
|
Several strong earthquakes also occurred in 2010 on the Indian plate (Fig. 4h). Similarly as in the Sumatra earthquake of 26 December 2004, most of earthquakes were
triggered on the LOD minimum. The most striking case is the Moro Gulf Philippines
earthquake 27 July 2010, exactly corresponding to the summer LOD minimum. Other
earthquakes also correspond to the LOD minimums: M 6.6 Northern Sumatra 5 May
2010, M 6.1 N. Guinea 26 November 2010, M 7.7 Kapulauan Mentawai 25 October
2010, most of the earthquakes from Papua (M 7.7 on 4 August 2010, M 6.0 on 28
September 2010), and M 7.0 New Zealand 3 September 2010. Out from minimum
or maximum LOD are earthquakes from Vanuatu (N. Hebrides). This is a collision of
two oceanic lithospheres: the oceanic Pacific plate and the oceanic part of the Indian
plate, which act against each other and from which the earthquake triggering is indefinite. Exact coincidence with LOD minimum is M 6.7 Salomon Island 26 June 2010,
whereas other earthquakes from this area from the beginning of the year are out of
coincidence. The earthquake M 7.2 Northern Sumatra 9 May 2010 was 7 days delayed
44
|
15
Discussion Paper
3.3 Earthquakes in the Indian plate
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Similarly, the earthquakes M 6.8 Biobio Chile 11 January 2011 and
M 6.6 Offshore Maule Chile 14 February 2011 preceded the earthquake in the Mid–
Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 4g). This is a very important change of earthquake occurrence
and their relation to LOD polarity, which needs an explanation. Mid-ocean ridge reacts
first on Earth’s variations; however, after the continent overthrust the subduction zone
is released by melted magma and the reverse process occurs. The subduction zone
reacts first on Earth’s variation at that moment of LOD minimum. Earthquakes in subduction zone occur first and then in the mid-ocean ridge. Therefore, the initial positive
LOD earthquake is changed in reciprocal cycles after 7 days, triggering earthquakes in
the subducton zone in LOD minimum (Fig. 4g). The last mentioned earthquakes occurred in the second LOD minimum. The next LOD second minimum occurred exactly
after 27.32 days on 11 March 2011, exerting a crucial effect on the Honshu earthquake
(described in detail in paragraph 3.4).
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
|
45
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
and situated on smaller LOD maximum. The same was true for the earthquake of 28
March 2005, which was 10 days delayed. Similarly, the earthquake of 9 May 2010 preceded the strong ∼ 1.38 ms velocity increment (Fig. 3a1 Attachment). Conclusion: If
an earthquake precedes the strong rotation deceleration (compression) and then quick
acceleration, such earthquakes are mostly delayed in LOD minimum.
The earthquake M 7.1 Christchurch 3 September 2010 occurred on the second LOD
minimum, as did most of the earthquakes in the Indian plate in autumn 2010 (Fig. 4h)
(Fig. 4i). However, the disastrous earthquake M 6.3 Christchurch 21 February 2011
occurred in reciprocal cycles in LOD maximum (Fig. 4i).
To distinguish the movement of the Indian plate according to earthquakes triggered
by the Earth’s rotation variation to the north and to the west, a special graphic method
was performed (Fig. 4j).
The Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge presents a very important proof of force acting on the plate. According to number of earthquakes in ascending and descending
branches of LOD record (Fig. 4m), we find that number of earthquakes on the descending branch of LOD record is 33 (blue bars), whereas on the ascending branch there
are only 22 (orange bars). This result shows that there is a force acting during the
Earth’s acceleration, pushing the plate northward. Because the Eötvös force (Eötvös,
1913) is proportional to the Earth’s rotation in second power, its action on the Indian
plate is probable. It can be seen that this force acts on the descending branch of the
LOD graph from May to July and also from October to December. Less frequent earthquakes are on the ascending branch from January to March and from September to
November. Similar results for 2008 show 29 earthquakes on the descending branch
and only 19 on the ascending one. However, in the years 2009 and 2007–2004, differences between earthquakes on the ascending and descending branches are less than
±5 earthquakes.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
5
|
Discussion Paper
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
|
46
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Studying the last strongest M 9.0 earthquake near the coast of Honshu Japan on 11
March 2011, it was also found that this earthquake was triggered by the Earth’s rotation
variation. Surprising was its exact position on the second LOD minimum (Fig. 5a). The
second LOD minimum earthquakes are typical for many earthquakes in the second half
of year in the Indian plate and also in the Chile Trench. The earthquake M 6.8 Biobio
Chile 11 February 2011 occurred in the second LOD minimum, confirming the reverse
mode of Earth’s variation triggering when originally the LOD maximum triggering for
the whole year 2010 was changed in the beginning of 2011 into the LOD minimum
triggering.
The cause of M 9.0 near the coast of Honshu Japan 11 March 2011 earthquake is
the following:
The accelerating Earth left behind on the west by inertia the Eurasian plate. For
a better understanding, in accordance with GPS measurements, which considers the
continental lithosphere as fixed with GPS satellite system, let us imagine that the rolling
mantle beneath the continental lithosphere shifted the oceanic lithosphere of the Pacific
plate eastward, separated it from the Japan Trench and shifted the Japan continent in
Honshu 8 feet (∼ 2.44 m) eastward (NASA 2011) (Fig. 5b) and caused the subsidence
of oceanic lithosphere, which resulted in the huge tsunami. It is therefore possible
to state the hypothesis that earthquakes triggered in subduction zones in LOD minimum can cause tsunami. This is in agreement with many earthquakes, including M 9.1
Sumatra 26 December 2004.
Discussion Paper
3.4 M 9.0 Near the coast of Honshu Japan 11 March 2011
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
It is possible to perform the Schuster’s test (Schuster, 1897; Tanaka et al., 2002;
Wilcock, 2009) for the histogram. The vector sum D of phasors is defined
!2
!2
N
N
X
X
+
sinφi
D2 =
cosφi
(1)
47
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
|
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
20
Discussion Paper
15
Thus, the p value represents the significance level to reject the null hypothesis that
earthquakes occur randomly irrespective of the phase angle. The p value ranges between 0 and 1, and the smaller the p value is, the higher the confidence in rejecting the
null hypothesis is. Similarly, as do Tanaka et al. (2002), I tentatively adopt a threshold of
p < 5 % to judge a significant correlation between the Earth’s variations and earthquake
occurrence.
In the Schuster’s test, the number of histogram intervals should be the number divisible by 4, otherwise the phasor with cosϕ does not give the same number of intervals
above and below the ϕ axis. For this reason the number of suitable intervals of 14,
which approximately reflects the 13.66 days sidereal period of the Earth’s rotation variations, is necessary to reduce for 12 intervals by the linear interpolation. Because this
is tedious work, I performed this for syzygy with a 14.77 days period and for the sidereal
13.66 period, investigating in both cases the earthquakes of Sumatra and Andaman
◦
Sea 1963–2011 (Table 2). Using a 14 days distribution, intervals ϕ = ±90 are omitted
in cosϕ phasor; however, in phasor with sinϕ they are multiplied by ±1, so that the
|
10
where φi is the phase angle of the i -th earthquake and N is the total number of earthquakes included in the data set. When φi (i = 1...N) distribute randomly, the probability
p that the length of a vectorial sum is equal or larger than D is given by
!
2
D
.
p = exp −
(2)
N
Discussion Paper
5
i =1
|
i =1
Discussion Paper
4 Statistics and histograms evaluating acquired results
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
48
|
Discussion Paper
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
differences for 14 and 12 intervals are mostly insignificant (Table 2). The transfer from
the phase angle ϕ to coordinate x of histogram interval is given in corresponding figure
of histogram. The origin of counting days in the sidereal LOD cycle can be performed
from inflexion point on the ascending LOD branch or back from inflexion point on the
descending branch (e.g. Fig. 7c). This procedure brings certain uncertainties because
the LOD curve is not a theoretical curve with a constant number of days; the ascending
or descending branches contain 6, 7 and 9 points with the most probable being 7 day
points. This results in decrease of count in the LOD maximums or minimums and the
increase of count before these points (Fig. 7c). A better way is therefore to contribute
to minimum and maximum the fixed number, e.g. 7 and 14, and to count earthquakes
back and forward from these points. To perform linear interpolation and to divide every
branch for constant 7 points would mean that intervals in maximums and minimums
of histogram were extended, which would result in false increment of earthquakes in
these intervals. Exact Schuster’s tests were performed for 8 histogram intervals covering LOD descending or ascending branch with one day excess. In some cases,
8-interval Schuster’s test were performed for LOD maximum or minimum. In the Chile
Trench the 28-histogram interval test was performed, characterizing the LOD graph typical for given time of earthquake occurrence. Declustering (Reasenberg, 1985) was not
performed because aftershocks of earthquakes over M > 5.8 are not numerous. The
purpose of this study is not exact determination of the earthquake starts, but to investigate the influence of the Earth’s rotation on earthquakes, which just for aftershocks is
often important and well observable.
Histograms were performed for earthquake coincidence with sidereal amplitudes
(LOD maximums and minimums) and for synodial amplitudes (full and new Moon).
These histograms were statistically evaluated, calculating the standard deviation from
average of earthquake occurrence and calculating the Schuster’s test. The areas of
investigation chosen were in the Sumatra and Andaman Sea, Southeast Indian Ocean
Ridge, Chilean Subduction zone, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Haiti region, New Zealand region,
Japan Trench Honshu region and East Pacific Rise. Earthquakes for period 1973–2011
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
5 Results
49
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
|
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
Discussion Paper
20
|
15
Discussion Paper
10
In 2007, Cochran and Vidale presented 12 interval histogram to determine the correlation of earthquakes with biweekly tides using 1428 earthquakes of global occurrence, and for the shear tidal stress histogram they received 0.584±0.94 % more earthquakes than average. This resulted in non-existence of statistically significant correlation of earthquake timing with the biweekly tides. I performed a similar calculation for
266 earthquakes of Sumatra and Andaman Sea using 15 interval histogram covering
14.77 days syzygy period and earthquakes in time span 1963–April 2011. The result
gives 1.11 ± 0.97 % more earthquakes than average 17.73 earthquakes. This negative
result can be confirmed by the Schuster’s test (Table 2), which for 14-interval histogram
gives parameter p = 19.88 % and for 12-interval histogram p = 14.88 % (Fig. 7a). Great
surprise: the histograms for correlation of earthquakes with 13.66 days Earth’s rotation
variations show that the calculations for the 14 days histogram and for the more accurate 12 days histogram give the parameter p = 50.75 % and p = 50.42 %, respectively
– far more negative results than for biweekly tides. The solution is simple. The Earth’s
rotation variations expressed on LOD graph trigger earthquakes in both Earth’s rotation acceleration and deceleration, and in the Sumatra Andaman Sea region in almost
the same amount in both LOD graph extremes (Fig. 7b) and branches (Table 2). Performing the more accurate 8-interval histogram for LOD branches with one day excess,
the result gives very low values of parameter p = 0.000059 % and similar values for
extremes of LOD graph in LOD maximum and minimum (Fig. 7b1–4). Figure 4m from
South Indian Ocean Ridge shows the difference in number of earthquakes in descending and ascending branches of LOD graph. The verification by histogram confirms the
excess of earthquakes in the Earth’s rotation acceleration (Fig. 7d, d1, d2). Parameter
|
5
Discussion Paper
were taken from NEIC USGS catalog, and for period 1963–1973 from ANSS catalogue. LOD variations were taken from IERS, which started its measurement in 1962,
performing measurements in ms.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
50
|
Discussion Paper
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
p = 5.89 % shows relatively probable correlation of earthquakes with Earth’s rotation
acceleration, whereas in the Earth’s rotation deceleration, the parameter p = 87.9 %
shows quite irregular and improbable coincidence. The histogram for Chilean subduction zone (Fig. 7e) shows surprisingly good correlation: p = 1.30 % for the whole
28-interval histogram. This confirms that together the LOD second minimum and 2–
3 days before the first LOD maximum are the most probable earthquakes occurrences.
Separating the 28 days histogram into four 8 days histograms shows that the first LOD
maximum p = 1.39 % is the most probable LOD area of earthquake triggering (Table 2,
Fig. 7e, e1–4).
Maximum attention was paid to earthquakes of the Mid Atlantic Ridge, to confirm assumption that the Haiti earthquake was triggered by quicker movement of the Northern
Hemisphere at the moment of the Earth’s maximum rotation (Fig. 4c). Next question
was whether earthquakes in descending and ascending branches of LOD from MidAtlantic Ridge on 8 January 2010, 4 January 2010, 27 Dececember 2009 (Fig. 4b, c,
d) are real precursors of the Haiti earthquake. Figure 4f shows that earthquakes from
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are triggered both in LOD maximums and minimums, giving
very high value of parameter p = 52.84 %. Detailed Schuster’s tests for 8-interval histograms for branches and extremes confirm the clear correlation of earthquakes with
◦
LOD record (Table 2, Fig. 7f 1–4). Section 10–5 N in Northern Mid Atlantic Ridge
shows for time span 2 May 1991–15 February 2001 regular changes of earthquakes
triggering in the middle of descending and ascending LOD branches (Fig. 8). Later,
no significant coincidence with LOD record occurred. Since 4 January 2010, an absolute absence of earthquakes occurred till 22 October 2010, probably owing to the Haiti
earthquake of 12 January 2010. After 27 October 2010, an exclusive coincidence of
earthquakes with LOD minimums occurred. Histograms (Fig. 7g, g1, g2) confirm this.
In Fig. 7g during period 1999–July 2006, yellow bars show regular changing of earthquakes on both branches, later with increased number of earthquakes in LOD maximum. Summarizing all earthquakes from period 1973–2011, typical LOD minimum
occurs, so the result is (Fig. 7g blue bars) three earthquake maximums and absolute
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
|
51
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
no correlation p = 88.70 %. Next section of northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was
◦
◦
chosen 23.5–15 N and in narrow section 44–48 W where the Mid Atlantic Ridge is
parallel with longitude (Fig. 7h, h1–4) to avoid maximally the effect of transform faults
intersecting perpendicularly with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earthquakes on ascending
LOD branch are more numerous (Table 2) and do not correlate with LOD maximum
(Fig. 7h2). There are earthquakes in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge preceding earthquakes in
transform faults, including the Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010. Another narrow
◦
section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge covers section 2–2.5 N, almost parallel with latitude
◦
in the middle close to equator 0 . Histogram (Fig. 7i) shows a large number of earthquakes outside LOD maximum or minimum but the number of earthquakes in descending branch is larger than it is with sections in the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge where
the ratio desc./asce. LOD branch was reciprocal. The section of the southern part
of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 7j, j1–2) shows an even larger number of earthquakes
in descending LOD branch. Logically, in the mid–ocean ridge the branch containing
more earthquakes shows that the plate forward (in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge the plate
on the west from the ridge) moves quicker than the plate behind. There is no doubt
that the South American plate with the oceanic part behind moves quickly to the west,
considering the large amount of oceanic lithosphere created between South America
and Africa. How to explain the previous claim that the Northern Hemisphere moves
quicker towards the west than the Southern Hemisphere? It contradicts the number
of earthquakes in the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which are less numerous on the
descending branch than on the ascending one. The reason is not only that the North
American plate moves westward, but also the whole Eurasian plate, which as one of
the largest continental plates, reacts more effectively on LOD variations and triggers
more earthquakes on LOD ascending branch.
The Haiti region (Fig. 7k, k1, k2) shows the same amount of earthquakes on both
LOD branches. However, the earthquake occurrence in the descending branch including the LOD minimum is the most probable p = 0.13 %.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
|
52
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
Both earthquakes M 7.1 Christchurch 3 September 2010 and M 6.3 Christchurch
21 February 2011 in New Zealand (Fig. 4i) were created as shallow earthquakes (5–
10 km) in eastern continuation of the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge. The histograms
for Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge (Fig. 7d, d1, d2) and the southern part of N. Zealand
(Fig. 7, l1, l2) are therefore very similar. Both regions, by the excess of earthquakes in
descendant LOD branch, manifest the northward movement of the Indian plate during
the Earth’s rotation increment. The occurrence of earthquake 3 September 2010 in
LOD minimum is very probable p = 2.11 %; nevertheless, histogram Fig. 7l also shows
large number of earthquakes in LOD maximum peak.
Histogram for the Japan Trench in Honshu region (Fig. 7m, m1, m2) and the Schuster’s test show very low probabilities of earthquakes occurrences in LOD extremes.
Nevertheless, the LOD minimum shows an increase number of earthquakes. The large
parameter p = 23.36 % is incorrect (Fig. 7m1), owing to evidently non-random distribution. Histograms for the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge show larger number of
earthquakes in LOD ascending branch (Fig. 7f, f1, f2). Then it is possible that also in
the eastern side of the Eurasian plate the ascending LOD branch will have more earthquakes. This is the case of the Japan Trench and the earthquake of 11 March 2011
near the east coast of Honshu M 9.0 (Fig. 5a). In the histograms (Fig. 7m, m1 ,m2),
the counting of earthquakes was stopped on 11 March 2011 to avoid aftershocks. The
subduction zone of very old oceanic lithosphere of the Pacific plate is less sensitive
or delayed on LOD variations and the Eurasian plate during its westward movement
looses the continental lithosphere of Japan behind, which can also hide reaction on
Earth’s rotation variations.
Histogram for the East Pacific Rise shows that one side of the Rise moves quicker.
Comparing the ratio for the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 177/140 > 197/173
(Table 2) to the ratio for the East Pacific Rise, it is possible to conclude that the South
American continent overrides the Nazca plate including the East Pacific Rise in future.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
5
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
|
53
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Triggering of earthquakes by the Earth’s rotation variations is unequivocally proven by
histograms showing an increment number of earthquakes during Earth’s rotation maximums and minimums. Earthquakes are therefore triggered by both the Earth’s rotation
deceleration and acceleration. Asymmetric distribution of earthquakes occurrence in
histograms of LOD graph branches from mid-ocean ridges also give information about
unilateral movement of plates in agreement with author’s (Ostřihanský, 1997) conception of lithospheric plates movements and movement of mid-ocean ridges with the average speed of adjacent plates. The increased number of earthquakes in LOD branch
record during the Earth’s acceleration of the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge shows
that the Indian plate moves northward, driven probably by the Eötvös force (Eötvös,
1913; Ostřihanský, 1997) or by attraction of Moon and Sun rectifying the Earth’s flattening to ecliptic and Moon’s orbit. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific rise
show the quicker westward movement of westerly sided plate by tidal friction or by inertia of plates during the Earth’s rotation acceleration. However, the possibility of the
plate movement is given by the gravity subsidence of all oceanic lithosphere older than
180 mil. years, i.e. by its subduction releasing place among plates. On the western
side, the oceanic lithosphere of the Pacific plate drops down due to gravity and its old
age and thickness on eastern side of Eurasian and Indian plates. From eastern side,
the oceanic lithosphere of the Pacific plate is overridden by the American continent.
Because earthquakes are triggered during the Earth’s rotation acceleration or deceleration and earthquakes occur during distinctive lithospheric movements confirmed by
shifts along faults, slips determined by seismology and most perfectly by GPS measurement (Figs. 5b and 6), any objections of Jordan (1974) and Ranalli (2000) about
impossibility of the plate movement owing the high mantle viscosity are out of discussion. Remarkable repetition of Sumatran earthquakes 19 year ago exactly on one day
in the full Moon on LOD minimum and close to solstice, probably in connection with
nutation, only underline the effect of the Earth’s rotation. Precursor of the Sumatra
Discussion Paper
6 Conclusions
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
5
References
10
Discussion Paper
|
54
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
25
Discussion Paper
20
|
15
Böhm von Böhmersheim, A.: Abplattung und Gebirgsbildung, Franz Deuticke, Leipzig und
Wien, 1910.
Bostrom, R. C.: Westward displacement of the lithosphere, Nature, 234, 536–538, 1971.
Burša, M.: Secular tidal and non-tidal variations in the Earths rotation, Studia geoph et geodet.,
31, 219–224, 1987.
Cathles, L. M.: The viscosity of the Earth’s mantle, Princeton Press, Princeton, NJ, 1975.
Chebanenko, I. I.: Osnovnye zakonomernosti rozlomnoy tektoniki zemnoy kori, Izd. AN USSR,
Kiev, 1963.
Cochran, E. S., Vidale, T. E., and Tanaka, S.: Earth tides can trigger shallow thrust fault earthquakes, Science, 306, 1164–1166, 2004.
Cochran, E. S. and Vidale, J. L.: Comments on “Tidal synchronicity of 26 December 2004
Sumatran earthquake and its aftershocks” by Crockett, R. G. M., Gilmore, G. K., Phillips, P.
S., and Gilbertson, D. D., Geophys. Res. Lett., 34(L04302), 1–2, 2007.
Crespi, M., Cuffaro, M., Doglioni, C., Giannone, F., and Riguzzi, F.: Space geodesy validation
of the global lithospheric flow, Geophys. J. Int., 168, 491–506, 2007.
Crockett, R. G., Gilmore, G. K., Phillips, P. S., and Gilbertson, D. D.: Tidal synchronicity of
the 26 December 2004 Sumatran earthquake and its aftershocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,
L19302, doi:10.1029/2006GL027074, 2006.
Discussion Paper
Acknowledgements. I thank reviewer T. Gerya for providing me with literature inspiring me to
revise and improve the paper.
|
Supplementary material related to this article is available online at:
http://www.solid-earth-discuss.net/4/33/2012/sed-4-33-2012-supplement.pdf.
Discussion Paper
earthquake 2004 in the Macquarie Is. three days before can be completed by precursors of earthquake in Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge 8 January 2010 before the Haiti
earthquake 12 January 2010 (Fig. 4d) and by several LOD maximums and minimums
before the Chilean earthquake of 27 February 2010 (Fig. 4f).
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
55
|
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
30
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
Darwin, G. H.: On the tidal friction of a planet attended by several satellites and on the evolution
of the solar system, Philos. Trans., 172, 491–435, 1881.
Doglioni, C., Carminati, E., Cuffaro, and Srocca, D.: Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints, Earth Sci. Rev., 83, 125–175, 2007.
Eötvös, L.: Verhandlungen der 17. Algem. Konferenz d. Internat. Erdmessungen, Part 1, Astronomische Gesellschaft Hamburg, 111 pp., 1913.
Hey, R. N. and Vogt, P. R.: Spreading centers jumps near the Galapagos hotspot, Tectonophysics, 37, 41–52, 1977.
Hide, R.: Rotation of the atmospheres of the Earth and planets, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. Lond., 313,
107–121, 1984.
Holmes, A.: Radioactivity and the Earth movement, Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasg., 28, 559–606,
1939.
Jordan, T. H.: Some comments on tidal drag as a mechanism for driving plate motions, J.
Geophys. Res., 79, 2141–2142, 1974.
Kalenda, P., Neumann, L., Skalský, L., Ostřihanský, L., Kopf, T., and Croll, J.: Vertical static
pendulums, earthquake prediction and global tectonics, Monography issued by International
Academy, 1. vydánı́, prosinec 2011, ISBN: 9788090512603, 2010.
Knopoff, L. and Leeds, A.: Lithospheric momenta and the deceleration of the Earth, Nature,
237, 93–95, 1972.
Madariaga, R., Ruegg, J. C., Vigny, C., Mettois, M., Campos, J., and Kausel, E.: The Mw
8.8 Maule earthquake of 27 February 2010, a tale of a long expected earthquake, Abstract
EGU2010-15700, in: Large Magnitude Earthquakes and Tsunami Activity in 2010: Views on
the Haiti and Chile events, edited by: Bezzeghoud, M., convenor. EGU General Assembly,
Vienna 2010.
MacDonald, G. J. F.: The deep structure of the continents, Rev. Geophys., 1, 587–665, 1963.
McKenzie, D. and Weiss, N.: Speculations on the thermal and tectonic history of the Earth,
Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. S., 42, 131–174, 1975.
Moore, G. W.: Westward tidal drag as the driving force of plate tectonics, Geology, 1, 99–100,
1973.
Munk, W. H. and MacDonald, G. J. F.: The rotation of the Earth, University Press, Cambridge,
1960.
NASA ARIA Preliminary Coseismic Displacement, 11 March 2011 Sendai-Oki earthquake.
Ostřihanský, L.: Forces causing the movement of plates, poster presented at IUGG XX. Gen-
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
56
|
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
30
Discussion Paper
25
|
20
Discussion Paper
15
|
10
Discussion Paper
5
eral Assembly, Vienna, 11–21 August 1991.
Ostřihanský, L.: The causes of lithospheric plates movements, Charles University Prague,
Chair of Geography and Geoecology, available at: http://geo.mff.cuni.cz/∼ostrihansky/, last
access: December 2011, 1997.
Ostřihanský, L.: Plate movements, earthquakes and variations of the Earth’s rotation, Acta
Univ. Carol.-Geol., 48, 89–98, 2004.
Ostřihanský, L.: Lithospheric resonances of the Earth’s rotation, Abstract EGU2010-1715, in:
Unresolved problems in plate tectonics: kinematic reconstructions, plate driving forces, and
plate boundary interactions, edited by: Doglioni, C., convener, EGU General Assembly, Vienna 2010.
Ranalli, G.: Westward drift of the lithosphere: not a result of rotational drag, Geophys. J. Int.,
141, 535–537, 2002.
Reasenberg, P.: Second-order moment of central California seismicity 1969–1982, J. Geophys.
Res., 90, 5479–5495, 1985.
Report from Wired Science, available at: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/03/
chile-earthquake-moved-entire-city-10-feet-to-the-west/#ixzz0hr4xF7ZM, 2010.
Rosen, R. D., Salstein, D. A., Eubanks, T. M., Dickey, J. D., and Steppe, J. A.: El Nino signal in
atmospheric angular momentum and Earth rotation, Science, 225, 411, 1984.
Schmidt, R. E.: Die Geomechanik des Erdinneren und ihre Auswirkung auf die Erdkruste,
Relationes Annuae Instituti Geologici Publici Hungarici, B. Disputationes, 159–231, 1948.
Schuster, A.: On lunar and solar periodicities of earthquakes, P. R. Soc. London, 61, 445–465,
1897.
Schuster, A.: Some problems of seismology, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1, 97–100, 1911.
Stacey, F. D.: Physics of the Earth, John Willey & Sons, 2 Edn., 1977.
Stovas, M., V.: Neronomirnost obertanya Zemli, kak planetarnogeomorfologichnye tak geotektonichnye faktori, Geol. Zh. t., XVII, 3, 58–69, 1957.
SOEST News, Preliminary Coseismic Displacement Field M 8.8 Maule Earthquake, Chile, 27
February 2010.
USGS Poster of the Haiti Earthquake of 12 January 2010 – Magnitude 7.0, available at:
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/poster/2010/20100112.php, 2010.
Tanaka, S., Ohtake, M., and Sato, H.: Evidence for tidal triggering of earthquakes as
revealed from statistical analysis of global data, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B10), 2211,
doi:10.1029/2001JB001577, 2002.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
|
Discussion Paper
10
Discussion Paper
5
Varga, P. and Denis, C.: Geodetic aspects of seismological phenomena, J. Geod., 84, 107–121,
doi:10.1007/s00190-009-0350-1, 2010.
Veronnet, A.: Rotation de l’elipsoide heterogene et figure exacte de la Terre, J. Math. Pure.
Appl., 6(VIII), 331–463, 1912.
Veronnet, A.: Constitution et evolution d’univers, Gaston Doin et Cie., Paris, 62–63, 1927.
Vine, F. J. and Matthews, D. H.: Magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges, Nature, 228, 947–
949, 1963.
Wahr, J. M.: The Earth’s rotation, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 16, 231–249, 1988.
Weems, R. E. and Perry, W. H.: Strong correlation of major earthquakes with solid-earth tides
in part of United States, Geology, 17(7), 661–664, 1989.
Wilcock, W. S. D.: Tidal triggering of earthquakes in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Geophys J.
Int., 179, 1055–1070, doi:10.1111/j.1366-246X.2009.04319.x, 2009.
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
|
Discussion Paper
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Abstract
Discussion Paper
|
57
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
,
5.9
7.5
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.7
9.1
6.1
5.9
6.2
5.8
6.0
6.6
6.2
6.2
5.8
6.0
21.12.2010
12.6.2010
23.12.2007
20.12.2006
26.12.2006
6.7.2005
26.12.2004
13.1.2002
20.7.1997
22.1.1993
21.12.1991
31.12.1990
27.12.1985
13.1.1979
18.12.1975
3.7.1970
16.12.1963
21.12.2010
12.6.2010
24.12.2007
21.12.2006
25.12.2006
5.7.2005
26.12.2004
14.1.2002
17.7.1997
20.1.1993
21.12.1991
31.12.1990
27.12.1985
13.1.1979
18.12.1975
2.7.1970
17.12.1963
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
|
58
Discussion Paper
21.12.2010
12.6.2010
22.12.2007
22.12.2006
27.6.2006
5.7.2005
26.12.2004
15.1.2002
17.7.1997
20.1.1993
22.12.1991
29.12.1990
27.12.1985
11.1.1979
17.12.1975
2.7.1970
16.12.1963
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Date of LOD
minimum
Discussion Paper
Date of syzygy
|
Magnitude
Discussion Paper
Syzygy
|
Date of
earthquake
Discussion Paper
Table 1. List of 17 earthquakes magnitudes over M 5.8 that occurred in the solstices time,
taken from 49 earthquakes triggered in LOD minimums in chosen rectangle 14◦ N–7◦ S, 106–
90◦ E covering the Sumatra and Andaman Sea from 1963 to 2011, totaling 264 earthquakes.
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Locality
14 N–7 S
◦
106–90 E
◦
◦
5 N–50 S
◦
60–80 W
2008–
VII2011
1973–
IV.2011
14
19.88 %
254
5.8
7a
14.87 %
50.42 %
244
219.7
5.8
5.8
7a
7b
14
50.75 %
264
5.8
8
0.000059 %
151
5.8
7b1
8
0.0016 %
146
5,8
7b2
8
0.000073 %
151
5.8
7b3
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
LOD 27.32
days record
Inflex. point
LOD first
1999–
VII.2006
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
Negative
LOD peak
Positive
LOD peak
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
LOD13.66
days record
131/133
7b
8
0.010 %
138
5.8
7b4
14
47.86 %
283
5.8
7c
8
4.11 %
164
5.8
7c
8
1.89 %
148
5,8
14
9.54 %
167
3.0
7c
92/75
7d
8
5.89 %
101
3.0
7d1
8
87.90 %
80
3.0
7d2
28
1.30 %
349
6.0
8
maximum
8
minimum
8
maximum
8
minimum
14
1.39 %
214
6.0
7e1
10.66 %
88
6.0
7e2
18.35 %
80
6.0
7e3
50.66 %
111
6.0
52.84 %
348
3.0
∗
186/203 (93/123)
7e
7e4
162/186
7f
8
0.012 %
186
3.0
7f1
8
0.042 %
201
3.0
7f2
8
0.052 %
186
3.0
7f3
8
0.00022 %
185
3.0
7f4
14
88.70 %
219
3.0
8
78.76 %
110
3.0
8
1.44 %
120
3.0
14
0.81 %
57
3.0
7g
7g1
7g2
22/35
7g
|
59
111/108
Discussion Paper
1973–
VI.2011
Fig.
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
10–5◦ N
35–55◦ W
Earthquakes
desc./asc.
LOD branch
12
12
LOD sec.
2000–
VII2011
Minimum
earthquake
magnitude
Syzygy
LOD sec.
28–5◦ N
35–55◦ W
northern part
Number
of earthquakes
Syzygy
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
Negative
LOD peak
Positive
LOD peak
Inflexion
13.66 days
Inflexion
desc. bra.
Inflexion
asc. bran.
LOD 13.66
days recors
LOD first
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
Schuster’s
test
Discussion Paper
45–60◦ S
165–90◦ E
1963–
IV.2011
Number
of histogr.
intervals
|
Chilean
subduction
zone
◦
Type of
correlation
Discussion Paper
Southeast
Indian
Ocean Ridge
◦
Date
range
|
Sumatra and
Andaman Sea
Area
Discussion Paper
Table 2. Results of Schuster’s test and ratio of earthquakes on descending and ascending
branches of LOD record in investigated areas: Sumatra and Andaman Sea, Southeast Indian
Ocean Ridge, Chilean subduction zone, Mid-Atlantic Ridge Haiti region, New Zealand region,
Japan Trench and East Pacific Rise.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Locality
Mid-Atlantc
Ridge
Parallel with
meridian
23.5–15 N
44–48◦ W
2–2.5◦ N
10–35◦ W
Central part
10–45◦ S
10–20◦ W
Southern part
Type of
correlation
Number
of histogr.
intervals
Schuster’s
test
Number
of earthquakes
Minimum
earthquake
magnitude
Earthquakes
desc./asc.
LOD branch
Fig.
1976–
V.2011
LOD 13.66
days record
14
4.88 %
110
3.0
107/119
7h
8
0.0039 %
129
3.0
7h1
8
25.43 %
126
3.0
7h2
8
0.013 %
139
3.0
7h3
8
0.36 %
107
3.0
2000–
II.2011
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
Negative
LOD peak
Positive
LOD peak
LOD 13.66
days record
14
0.34 %
266
3.0
8
1.00 %
162
3.0
2000–
VII.2011
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD 13.66
2000–
VI.2011
133
3.0
0.024 %
317
3.0
7i2
12
days record
8
0.18 %
272.9
3.0
0.00008 %
203
3.0
7j1
8
0.062 %
154
3.0
7j2
177/140
7j
14
4.95 %
324
4.5
8
0.13 %
182
4.5
7k1
8
84.16 %
176
4.5
7k2
8
26.00 %
210
4,5
7k3
8
22.45 %
164
4,5
14
4.85 %
175
5.0
8
2.11 %
109
5.0
7l1
8
22.03 %
88
5.0
7l2
14
58.23 %
85
5.0
14
18.47 %
173
5.8
8
23.36 %
91
5.8
162/162
7k
7k4
98/77
7l
7l
83/90
7m
7m1
8
26.17 %
99
5.8
14
50.11 %
370
3.0
8
2.14 %
218
3.0
7n1
8
11.94 %
195
3.0
7n2
60
7m2
197/173
7n
|
* first minimum/ first maximum
0–30◦ S
2000–
VII.2011
1963–
III.2011
35.76 %
Discussion Paper
East Pacific
Rise
36–42◦ N
138–145◦ E
1973–
III.2011
8
14
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Japan Trench
Honshu region
41–52◦ S
160–175◦ E
1976–
I.2010
7i1
Discussion Paper
New Zealand
region
20–16◦ N
65–85◦ W
7i
|
Haiti region
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
Negative
LOD peak
Positive
LOD peak
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
LOD 13.66
days record
LOD desc.
branch
LOD asce.
branch
7h4
143/123
Discussion Paper
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
◦
Date
range
|
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge 0◦
Parallel with
equator
Area
Discussion Paper
Table 2. Continued.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
1
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
0,002
300
0,0015
250
0,001
200
0,0005
150
0
-0,001
1.
6.
20
15 0 2
.6
.2
29 0 02
.6
.2
13 0 02
.7
.2
27 0 02
.7
.2
10 0 02
.8
.2
00
24
2
.8
.2
00
7.
2
9.
20
21 0 2
.9
.2
5. 0 02
10
.
19 20 0
2
.1
0.
2
2. 00 2
11
.
16 20 0
2
.1
1.
20
30
02
.1
1.
14 2 00
.1
2
2.
28 2 00
.1
2
2.
2
11 00 2
.1
.2
25 0 03
.1
.2
00
3
-0,0005
Date
Discussion Paper
50
|
0
100
Length of a day - 86400 s
350
Discussion Paper
Denali Fault Alaska Nov. 3, 2002, M 8.9
Number of earthquakes
4, 33–130, 2012
|
Denali Fault Alaska
SED
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 1. The coincidence of LOD record and the 3 November 2002 Denali Fault Alaska
earthquake (M = 8.9) evoked by the resonance effect of 27.6 days repeating LOD amplitudes
rd
Fig.1.
coincidence
of LOD record
the 3 November
2002
Denali by
Fault
Alaska earthquake (M=8.9)
(marked
in The
green
color). Earthquakes
ofand
magnitude
M > 4.8 are
marked
triangles.
L. Ostřihanský
Discussion Paper
evoked by the resonance effect of 27.6 days repeating LOD amplitudes (marked in green color). Earthquakes of
magnitude M>4.8 are marked by triangle.
Sumatra and Andaman Sea
61
0,002
0,0015
00 s
kes
300
Sumatra March 28, 2005 M 8.6
|
Sumatra Dec. 26, 2004 M 9.1
350
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Date
Discussion Paper
rd
Fig.1. The coincidence of LOD record and the 3 November 2002 Denali Fault Alaska earthquake (M=8.9)
evoked by the resonance effect of 27.6 days repeating LOD amplitudes (marked in green color). Earthquakes of
magnitude M>4.8 are marked by triangle.
Sumatra and Andaman Sea
0,0015
250
0,001
200
0,0005
150
0
100
0
-0,001
1.
9.
2
15 00
.9 4
.2
29 0 0
.9 4
13 .20
.1 04
0
27 .2 0
.1 0 4
0
10 .2 00
.1
1 4
24 .2 0
.1 0 4
1.
2
8. 00
12 4
22 .20
.1 04
2.
2
5. 00 4
1.
20
19 0
.1 5
.2
00
2.
2. 5
20
16 0
.2 5
.2
2. 0 05
3.
20
16 0
.3 5
.2
30 0 0
.3 5
.2
13 0 0
.4 5
.2
27 0 05
.4
.2
11 0 0
.5 5
.2
25 0 0
.5 5
.2
00
5
-0,0005
Date
Discussion Paper
50
Length of a day - 86400 s
300
|
Number of earthquakes
0,002
Discussion Paper
Sumatra Dec. 26, 2004 M 9.1
350
|
Sumatra March 28, 2005 M 8.6
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 2. The coincidence of LOD record and the 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake
(M = 9.1) evoked by the negative repeating amplitudes of LOD record (marked in green color).
The earthquake of 28 March 2005 Sumatra (M = 8.6)
had been created by the extreme (1.5 ms)
Fig. 2. The coincidence of LOD record and the 26th December 2004 Sumatra earthquake (M=9.1) evoked by the
previously
long
lasting
Earth’s
velocity
increment
(marked
in yellow color), but owing to
th vicinnegative repeating amplitudes of LOD record (marked in green color). The earthquake of 28 March 2005
ity ofSumatra
vernal point
it
was
triggered
2
days
after
the
LOD
maximum.
Earthquakes
of
magnitude
(M=8.6) had been created by the extreme (1.5 ms) previously long lasting Earth’s velocity increment
M > 5.8
are marked
triangles.
Earthquakes
Andaman
Sea
are marked
violet.
(marked
in yellowby
color),
but owing
to vicinity offrom
vernal
point it was
triggered
2 days in
after
the LOD maximum.
SED
Discussion Paper
Earthquakes of magnitude M>5.8 are marked by triangle. Earthquakes from Andaman Sea are marked in violet.
|
62
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
LOD minimum
M 8.6 Sumatra 28.3.05 earthquake delay
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7m. Histogram for the Japan Trench in Honshu region (Figs 7m1, 7m2) and the Schuster’s test show very
low probabilities of earthquakes occurrences in LOD extremes. Nevertheless the LOD minimum shows an
increase number of earthquakes. The large parameter p=23.36% is incorrect (Fig. 7m1) owing to evidently nonrandom distribution. Histograms for the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge show larger number of
earthquakes in LOD ascending branch (Figs 7f, 7f1, 7f2). Then it is possible that also in the eastern side of the
Eurasian plate the ascending LOD branch will have more earthquakes. This is the case of the Japan Trench and
the earthquake of March 11, 2011 Near the east coast of Honshu M 9.0 (Fig. 5a).
|
0,0025
300
0,0015
200
1.5 ms
0,001
150
0,0005
0
100
-0,0005
50
0
21.2.2005
-0,001
-0,0015
7.3.2005
21.3.2005
4.4.2005
18.4.2005
2.5.2005
16.5.2005
Date
Discussion Paper
|
63
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 3a. The 1.5 ms extreme velocity increment and following deceleration owing to vicinity of vernal point the
Fig. 3a.
The 1.5 ms extreme velocity increment and following deceleration owing to vicinity of
28th March 2005 earthquake was triggered on LOD maximum however with 2 days delay. Aftershocks repeated
vernalthis
point
the
28twice
March
2005
was
triggered
on LOD
maximum,
however,
with
2 days
delay
with 13.66
(1/2earthquake
of Moon’s sidereal
period)
LOD variations.
Earthquakes
M>5.8 are
marked
triangle. Aftershocks repeated this 2 days delay twice with 13.66 (1/2 of Moon’s sidereal
2 daysbydelay.
period) LOD variations. Earthquakes M > 5.8 are marked by triangle.
Discussion Paper
M 8.6 Sumatra 28.3.2005
Length of a day - 86400 s
2 days
|
Number of earthquakes
0,002
2 days
2 days
Discussion Paper
Syzygy
250
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Earthquake Sumatra December 26, 2004, M 9.1
Syzygy
10
|
0,002
Discussion Paper
Fig. 3a. The 1.5 ms extreme velocity increment and following deceleration owing to vicinity of vernal point the
28th March 2005 earthquake was triggered on LOD maximum however with 2 days delay. Aftershocks repeated
this 2 days delay twice with 13.66 (1/2 of Moon’s sidereal period) LOD variations. Earthquakes M>5.8 are marked
by triangle.
26.XII.04
28.III.05
0,0015
7
0,001
6
5
0,0005
4
0
3
-0,0005
-0,001
1.
9.
15 2 00
.9 4
.
29 200
.9 4
.
13 20
.1 04
0
27 .20
.1 04
0.
10 20
.1 04
1
24 .20
.1 04
1.
8. 200
12 4
22 . 20
.1 04
2.
2
5. 004
1.
2
19 00
.1 5
.2
0
2. 05
2.
16 2 00
.2 5
.2
0
2. 05
3.
2
16 00
.3 5
.
30 200
.3 5
.
13 200
.4 5
.
27 200
.4 5
.2
11 00
.5 5
.
25 200
.5 5
.2
00
5
0
Date
9.I.05
24.I.05
5.II.05
Discussion Paper
|
64
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 3b. LOD record, syzygy and earthquakes of Sumatra and Andaman
Sea over 6th magniFig. 3b. LOD record, syzygy and earthquakes of Sumatra and Andaman Sea over 6th magnitude including the
tude including
the
Great Sumatra
earthquake
ofCoincidences
26 December
2004
M earthquake
9.1. Coincidences
are
Great Sumatra
earthquake
of 26th December
2004 M 9.1.
are evident
of this
with LOD
minimum
andearthquake
with the Full Moon.
Aftershocks
9.I. 05, 24.I.05
andwith
5.II.05the
coincide
LOD minimums.
The 9.I.2005,
evident
of this
with
LOD minimum
and
full with
Moon.
Aftershocks
earthquake 28.III.05 was triggered 3 days after the full Moon but one day before LOD maximum. Following LOD
24.I.2005
and 5.II.2005 coincide with LOD minimums. The earthquake 28.III.2005 was trigmaximum peak coincides with the new Moon exactly. .
gered 3 days after the full Moon but one day before LOD maximum. Following LOD maximum
peak coincides with the new Moon exactly.
Discussion Paper
1
|
2
Length of a day - 86400 s
8
Discussion Paper
Earthquake magnitude
9
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
3
Earthquake Sumatra December 27, 1985, M 6.6
Syzygy
|
0,003
7
5
0,002
4
0,0015
3
0,001
2
0
0
1.
9.
15 1 98
.9 5
.
29 198
.9 5
13 . 19
.1 85
0
27 .19
.1 85
0
10 .19
.1 85
1.
24 19
.1 85
1.
8. 198
12 5
22 . 19
.1 85
2.
19
5. 85
1.
1
19 98
.1 6
.1
9
2. 86
2.
1
16 98
.2 6
.1
9
2. 86
3.
1
16 98
.3 6
.
30 198
.3 6
.1
13 98
.4 6
.
27 198
.4 6
.
11 198
.5 6
.1
25 98
.5 6
.1
98
6
0,0005
Date
20.III.86
th
8
5
23.XII.09
0,002
65
0,0015
ay - 86400 s
6
9.XII.09
|
magnitude
7
0,0025
Discussion Paper
2009
Syzygy
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig.LOD
3c. LOD
record, syzygy
andand
earthquakes
of Sumatraof
and
Andaman Sea
5 magnitude
including
Fig. 3c.
record,
syzygy
earthquakes
Sumatra
andover
Andaman
Sea
overthe
5th magniearthquake of 27th December 1985. The similarity of this LOD record and the LOD record 19 years ago in Fig. 3b
tude including
the
earthquake
of
27
December
1985.
The
similarity
of
this
LOD
record
is evident and again there is coincidence of the earthquake with LOD minimum and the full Moon. The lowest and the
LOD minimums
9.IX.85
andin20.IIi.86
coincide
with earthquakes
however
without
coincidence with of
syzygies.
LOD record
19 years
ago
Fig. 3b
is evident,
and again
there
is coincidence
the earthquake
with LOD minimum and the full Moon. The lowest LOD minimums 9.IX.1985 and 20.III.1986
Earthquakes
coinciding
withcoincidence
LOD maxima
Dec.
9 and Dec. 23,
coincide with earthquakes,
however,
without
with
syzygies.
Discussion Paper
1
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0025
|
Earthquake magnitude
6
Discussion Paper
27.XII.85
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
5.
1.
19 1
.1
.1
2.
2.
16 1
.2
.1
2.
3.
16 1
.3
.
30 1
.3
.1
13
.4
.
27 1
.4
.
11 1
.5
.1
25
.5
.1
1.
9.
15 1
.9
.
29 1
.9
.
13 1
.1
0
27 .
.1
0
10 .
.1
1.
24
.1
1.
8.
12
22 . 1
.1
2.
Date
Fig. 3c. LOD record, syzygy and earthquakes of Sumatra and Andaman Sea over 5th magnitude including the
earthquake of 27th December 1985. The similarity of this LOD record and the LOD record 19 years ago in Fig. 3b
is evident and again there is coincidence of the earthquake with LOD minimum and the full Moon. The lowest
LOD minimums 9.IX.85 and 20.IIi.86 coincide with earthquakes however without coincidence with syzygies.
Earthquakes coinciding with LOD maxima Dec. 9 and Dec. 23,
2009
Discussion Paper
20.III.86
|
Syzygy
23.XII.09
0,002
5
0,0015
4
0,001
3
2
1
0
1.
9.
15 2 00
.9 9
.
29 200
.9 9
13 . 20
.1 09
0
27 .20
.1 09
0
10 .20
.1 09
1.
24 20
.1 09
1.
8. 200
12 9
22 . 20
.1 09
2.
2
5. 009
1.
2
19 01
.1 0
.2
2. 010
2.
16 2 01
.2 0
.2
2. 010
3.
16 2 01
.3 0
.
30 201
.3 0
.
13 201
.4 0
.
27 201
.4 0
.
11 201
.5 0
.2
25 01
.5 0
.2
01
0
0
Date
Discussion Paper
|
66
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 3d. Figure 3d shows quite different LOD record from records on Fig. 3b,c, which is from the
Fig. 3d shows quite different LOD record from records on Figs 3b and 3c, which is from the same area of the
same Sumatra
area ofand
theAndaman
Sumatra
Andaman
Sea
earthquakes
over two
5.8earthquakes
magnitude. Close
Sea and
covering
earthquakes
overcovering
5.8 magnitude.
Close to the solstice
and 23.XII.09
coincide with LOD
maximumsand
but in23.XII.2009
the last and first coincide
quarters between
This
to the 9.XII.09
solstice,
two earthquakes
9.XII.2009
with syzygy.
LOD maximums
but
conducts to a conjecture that also the neap tides and resulting reverse of pressure can trigger earthquake.
in the last and first quarters between syzygy. This leads to a conjecture that also the low tides
and resulting reversed pressure can trigger earthquake.
Discussion Paper
0,0005
Length of a day - 86400 s
9.XII.09
6
|
Earthquake magnitude
7
0,0025
Discussion Paper
8
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
Central and South America
300
0,002
250
0,0015
200
0,001
150
0,0005
100
M 7.0 Haiti region Jan. 12, 2010
50
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0025
0
M 6.5 Peru May 24,
2010
M 7.1 Araucania Chile Jan. 2, 2011
M 7.1 Ecuador Aug. 12, 2010
M 6.2 Maule Chile Sep. 9, 2010
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
-0,0005
1,
15 12,
, 2
29 12 00
,1 ,20 9
12 2 ,2 09
, 0
26 1, 2 09
,1 01
9, , 20 0
23 2,2 10
,2 01
9 , 20 0
23 ,3,2 10
,3 01
6 ,2 0
20 .4.2010
.4 01
4 . 20 0
18 .5.2 10
.5 01
1 .2 0
15 .6.2010
.
29 6. 2 010
. 0
13 6. 2 10
. 0
27 7. 2 10
. 0
10 7. 2 10
24.8. 2010
.8 01
7 . 20 0
21 .9.2 10
.
5 9. 010
19.10 201
.1 . 20 0
2. 0 .2 10
16 11. 01
. 2 0
30 11 01
. .2 0
14 11 01
. 0
28.12 201
.1 .2 0
11 2 .2010
. 0
25 1. 2 10
.1 01
8. . 20 1
2. 11
20
11
M 7.0 Santiago del
Estero, Argentina Jan. 1,
2011
Date
M 6.6 Maule Chile July 14, 2010
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
Fig. 4a.Fig.The
LOD record showing the Earth’s rotation acceleration during the Haiti 7.0 mag4a. The LOD record showing the Earth’s rotation acceleration during the Haiti 7.0 magnitude earthquake of
nitude earthquake
ofand
12theJanuary
2010
and the
Earth’s
rotation
deceleration
during
the Maule
January 12, 2010.
Earth’s rotation
deceleration
during
the Maule
Chile 8.8 magnitude
earthquake
of
February 27, 2010. Other Earth’s decelerations triggered earthquakes M 7.1 Ecuador, August 12, 2010 (depth
Chile 8.8
magnitude
earthquake
of
27
February
2010.
Other
Earth’s
decelerations
triggered
106 km) and the earthquake M 6.2 in vicinity of Maule Chile earthquake (50 km on the south) at depth 16 km on
earthquakes
M 9,
7.1
Ecuador,
Augustcoincide
2010exactly
(depth
km) and
earthquake
M 6.2 in vicinSeptember
2010.
Both these12
earthquakes
with106
maximums
of LODthe
record.
Earthquakes are
taken from NEIC, rectangle 25°N – 50°S, 60°W – 80°W. Magnitude over 6 is marked by triangle. (See four
ity of Maule
Chile earthquake (50 km on the south) at depth 16 km on 9 September 2010. Both
negative LOD amplitudes before the Haiti earthquake triggering).
these earthquakes coincide exactly with maximums of LOD record. Earthquakes are taken
from NEIC, rectangle 25◦ N–50◦ S, 60–80◦ W. Magnitudes over 6 are marked by triangles. (See
four negative LOD amplitudes before the Haiti earthquake triggering).
Discussion Paper
-0,001
|
M 6.6 Offshore Maule
Chile Feb. 14, 2011
0
|
67
Discussion Paper
350
|
Number of earthquakes
M 8.8 Offshore Maule Chile Feb. 27, 2010
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
5
Discussion Paper
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
|
Discussion Paper
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
|
Discussion Paper
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Abstract
|
68
Discussion Paper
Fig. 4b. shows positions of Haiti and Maule Chile earthquakes in 2010 and situation of the
Mid-Atlantic
originally
but shifted
over
equator
in Northern
Hemisphere
Fig. 4b Ridge,
shows positions
of Haiti of
andN-S
Mauledirection,
Chile earthquakes
in 2010 and
situation
of the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge,
originally
of N-S direction,
but
shiftedAmerican
over equator in
northern
hemisphere by quick movement of the North
by quick
movement
of
the
North
plate
westward.
American plate westward.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
6
Haiti region + Mid-Atlantic Ridge
|
0,0025
7
0,002
M 4.8 Jan. 4, 2010
5
M 4.9 Dec. 27, 2009
4
0,0015
3
0,001
2
1
0
1,
12
,2
00
15
9
,1
2,
20
09
29
,1
2,
20
09
12
,1
,2
01
0
26
,1
,2
01
0
9,
2,
20
10
23
,2
,2
01
0
9,
3,
20
10
23
,3
,2
01
0
6.
4.
20
10
20
.4
.2
01
0
4.
5.
20
10
18
.5
.2
01
0
0
Date
Discussion Paper
|
69
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 4c. Earthquakes in Mid-Atlantic Ridge (black bars) triggered close to inflection points of
LOD record
consequently on ascending (decelerating) and descending (accelerating) branch,
Fig. 4c. Earthquakes in Mid-Atlantic Ridge (black bars) triggered close to inflection points of LOD record
creatingconsequently
pressureonon
the North
American
plate. Earthquakes
in created
transform
fault
of North
Haiti earthascending
(decelerating)
and descending
(accelerating) branch,
pressure
on the
plate.were
Earthquakes
in transform
faultmoment
of Haiti earthquakes
bars) were triggered
at the
moment
of
quakesAmerican
(red bars)
triggered
at the
of LOD(red
minimum,
i.e. when
the
extreme
presLOD minimum, i.e. when the extreme pressure of Earth’s rotation was released and the Earth’s rotation started to
sure of decelerate.
Earth’s rotation was released and the Earth’s rotation started to decelerate.
Discussion Paper
0,0005
|
Earthquake magnitude
6
Length of a day - 86400 s
M 7.0 Haiti region January 12, 2010
Discussion Paper
M 4.7 Jan. 8, 2010
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
7
|
Discussion Paper
|
Discussion Paper
Discussion Paper
|
70
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 4d. Figure 4d shows how earthquakes in Mid-Atlantic ridge have occurred consequently
Fig. 4d shows how earthquakes in Mid-Atlantic ridge have occurred consequently from equator northward.
from equatorShortly
northward.
Shortly
theontriggering
of the
the8,most
rim
after the triggering
of the after
earthquake
the most western
rim ofearthquake
Mid-Atlantic Ridgeon
on Jan.
2010 Mwestern
4.7,
the Haiti
earthquake
12. 2010 M 2010
7.0 was triggered.
of Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
on Jan.
8 January
M 4.7, the Haiti earthquake 12 January 2010 M 7.0
was triggered.
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
8
Discussion Paper
|
Discussion Paper
|
Discussion Paper
|
71
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 4e. Position of the Haiti earthquake M 7.0 of 12 January 2010 on the transform fault (leftlateral stroke slip faulting on northern side of the Caribbean plate, Enriquillo-Plantain Garden
fault system) (USGS Poster, 2010), separating the North and South American plates.
The Caribbean plate as a cut-out in oceanic lithosphere and setting of the Galapagos Rift system between the Cocos and Nazca plates as a rupture of a narrow plate caused by the rolling
mantle: 1 – spreading center, 2 – subduction zone, 3 – shoreline with 500 m isobath, 4 – subduction zone and the schematic contour of submerged plate, 5 – direction of the rolling mantle,
6 – isochrones in M.Y. on the Nazca and Cocos plates, 7 – isochrones from the Galapagos rift
(Hey and Vogt, 1977), 8 – transform faults.
For formation of the Cocos and Nazca plates, a better image than the westward movement
of the American plate is that the Cocos and Nazca plates are firmly connected to mantle and
rotating mantle, drifting them beneath the American plate and causing their rupture. Fixed
Galapagos hotspot forms two hotspsot tracks on the both sides the rupture, forming Cocos and
Carnegie Ridges created by consequent opening of the rupture.
Discussion Paper
Fig. 4e. Position of the Haiti earthquake M 7.0 of January 12, 2010 on the transform fault (left-lateral stroke slip
faulting on northern side of the Caribbean plate, Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system) (USGS Poster of Haiti
earthquake 2010), separating the North and South American plates.
The Caribbean plate as a cut-out in oceanic lithosphere and setting of the Galapagos Rift system between the
Cocos and Nazca plates as a rupture of a narrow plate caused by the rolling mantle. 1 - spreading center, 2 subduction zone, 3 - shoreline with 500 m isobath, 4 - subduction zone and the schematic contour of submerged
plate. 5 - direction of the rolling mantle, 6 - isochrones in M.Y. on the Nazca and Cocos plates, 7 - isochrones
from the Galapagos rift (Hey and Vogt, 1977), 8 – transform faults.
For formation of the Cocos and Nazca plates better imagination is, than the westward movement of the American
plate, that the Cocos and Nazca plates are firmly connected to mantle and rotating mantle drift them beneath the
American plate causing their rupture. Fixed Galapagos hotspot forms two hotspsot tracks on the both sides the
rupture forming Cocos and Carnegie Ridges created by consequent opening of the rupture.
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
9
Mid-Atlantic Ridge + Chile trench (detail)
|
M 8.8 Offshore Maue Chile Feb. 27, 2011
0,0025
M 6.0 Apr. 23, 2010
6
0,002
M 6.5 Bio-Bio Chile
July 14 2010
0,0015
5
0,001
4
0,0005
3
0
2
0
-0,001
1,
12
,
15 200
9
,1
2,
29 200
,1
2, 9
2
12 009
,1
,2
26 010
,1
,2
0
9, 10
2,
20
23
1
,2 0
,2
01
9,
0
3,
2
23 010
,3
,2
0
6. 10
4.
20
20
1
.4 0
.2
01
4.
0
5.
2
18 010
.5
.2
0
1. 10
6.
2
15 01
.6 0
.2
29 010
.6
.2
13 010
.7
.2
27 010
.7
.2
01
0
-0,0005
date
M 5.8 Jan. 27, 2010
M 4.4 Feb. 26, 2010
M 5.2 March 26, 2010
M 5.2 May 16, 2010
M 4.5 Apr. 19, 2010
M 5.0 July 10, 2010
Mid-Atlantic Ridge + Chile trench (detail)
M 6.8 Bio-Bio, Chile Feb. 11, 2011
M 7.1 Araucania, Chile Jan. 2, 2011
8
M 6.5 Bio-Bio Chile July 14, 2010
0,002
M 6.2 Offshore Maule Chile Sep. 9, 2010
6
5
0,0015
72
0,001
|
gnitude
7
- 86400 s
M 7.1 Ecuador Aug. 12, 2010
Discussion Paper
M 6.6 Offshore Maule Chile Feb. 14, 2011
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. Increased
4f. Increased LOD
variations
after theafter
end of the
January
2010
earthquakes
the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
Fig. 4f.
LOD
variations
end
ofcaused
January
2010incaused
earthquakes
in the
(black bars) and earthquakes in Chile Trench subduction zone (red bars). In most cases earthquakes in MidMid-Atlantic
Ridge
(black
bars)
and
earthquakes
in
Chile
Trench
subduction
zone
(red
bars).
In
Atlantic Ridge precede earthquakes in Chile Trench.
most cases earthquakes in Mid-Atlantic Ridge precede earthquakes in Chile Trench.
Discussion Paper
1
|
Earthquake magnitude
7
M 6.0 May 19, 2010
Length of a day - 86400 s
M 6.3 March 26, 20010
Discussion Paper
8
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
1.
15
.6
29
.6
13
.7
27
.7
4.
18
.5
6.
20
.4
9,
23
,3
9,
23
,2
1,
12
15
,1
2
29
,1
2
12
,1
26
,1
M 4.4 Feb. 26, 2010
M 5.2 March 26, 2010
date
M 5.2 May 16, 2010
M 4.5 Apr. 19, 2010
M 5.0 July 10, 2010
Fig. 4f. Increased LOD variations after the end of January 2010 caused earthquakes in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(black bars) and earthquakes in Chile Trench subduction zone (red bars). In most cases earthquakes in MidAtlantic Ridge precede earthquakes in Chile Trench.
M 6.6 Offshore Maule Chile Feb. 14, 2011
Mid-Atlantic Ridge + Chile trench (detail)
M 6.8 Bio-Bio, Chile Feb. 11, 2011
M 7.1 Araucania, Chile Jan. 2, 2011
8
0,002
7
0,0015
6
0,001
5
4
0,0005
3
0
-0,0005
-0,001
29
.6
.2
13 010
.7
.2
27 010
.7
.2
10 010
.8
.2
24 010
.8
.2
0
7. 10
9.
20
21
1
.9 0
.2
0
5.
1
10 0
.
19 201
0
.1
0.
2
2. 010
11
.
16 201
.1
1. 0
30 201
.1
0
1.
14 201
.1
0
2
28 .201
.1
2. 0
2
11 010
.1
.2
25 011
.1
.2
0
8. 11
2.
20
11
0
M 5.0 July 10, 2010
M 4.4 Sep. 5, 2010
M 4.4 Jan. 4, 2011
Date
M 5.2 Feb. 15, 2011
Discussion Paper
|
73
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 4g.Fig.Earthquakes
insummer
summer
with After
LOD
maximum.
After
4g. Earthquakes in
20102010
coincidecoincide
exactly withexactly
LOD maximum.
quiet
period September
– quiet period
December 2010 at the beginning
of
the
yearbeginning
2011 earthquakes
of the Chile
Trench
occur in LOD minimum.
This
September–December
2010,
at
the
of
year
2011
earthquakes
of
the
Chile
Trench
convinces about the release of the subduction zone. Earthquakes in subduction zone react first on Earth’s
occur invariations
LOD minimum.
This
convinces
about
the release
of the subduction
in reverse mode
(in LOD
minimum) and
then earthquakes
in Mid-Atlantic
Ridge occur. zone. Earthquakes
in subduction zone react first on Earth’s variations in reverse mode (in LOD minimum), and then
earthquakes in Mid-Atlantic Ridge occur.
Discussion Paper
1
|
2
Length of a day - 86400 s
M 6.2 Offshore Maule Chile Sep. 9, 2010
Discussion Paper
M 6.5 Bio-Bio Chile July 14, 2010
Earthquake magnitude
|
M 7.1 Ecuador Aug. 12, 2010
Discussion Paper
M 5.8 Jan. 27, 2010
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
6
74
8
M 6.3 Christchurch Feb. 21, 2011
24.IV. M 6.0 Halmahera Sea
21.XII. M 5.9 N. Sumatra
15.XII. M 6.0 Banda Sea 9 days delay
23.XI. M 6.1 Papua N.G
10.XI. M 6.5 Indo-Antarctic Ridge
31.V. M 5.9 Moro gulf
5.V. M 6.6 Southern Sumatra
9.V. M 7.2 NorthSumatra 4 days delay
12.VI. M 7.6 Nicobar Is
16.VI. M 7.0 Papua N.G. 4 days delay
0,0025
0,002
- 86400 s
.
2.XII. M 6.6 Papua N.G
3.XI. M 6.0 Papua N.G
8.X. M 6.1 Halmahera Sea
Pacific plate influence
25.X. M 7.8 Mentawai Indonesia
26.IX. M 6.0 Papua N.G
29.IX. M 6.2 Papua N.G
15.VIII. M 6.3 New Britain
21.VIII. M 6.0 N. Sumatra
21.VII. M 6.1 Molluck Sea
23.VII. M 7.6 Moro Gul
4.VIII. M 6.4 Papua N.G 3.VIII. M 6.3 Molucca Sea
26.VI. M 6.7 Java
0,001
0,0005
0,002
0,0015
0,001
Length of a day
0
-0,0005
-0,001
10
-0,0015
0
-0,002
Date
Fig. 4h.Fig.
Earthquakes
theIndian
Indian
To avoid
influence
of earthquakes
triggered
4h. Earthquakes of
of the
plate plate
in 2010.in
To 2010.
avoid influence
of earthquakes
triggered
by westward
◦ earthquake > 6 M.
movement
of the Pacific of
plate,
onlyPacific
band 90°E
– 150°Eonly
was taken.
mark
by westward
movement
the
plate,
bandTriangles
90–150
E was taken. Triangles mark
earthquake > M 6.
Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge + New Zealand earthquakes
0,0025
M 7.1 Christchurch Sep. 3, 2010
Discussion Paper
|
ay - 86400 s
31
.1
2.
20
10
3.
12
.2
01
0
5.
11
.2
01
0
8.
10
.2
01
0
10
.9
.2
01
0
13
.8
.2
01
0
16
.7
.2
01
0
18
.6
.2
01
0
21
.5
.2
01
0
5.IV.M6.2 Molluck Sea
6.IV.M 7.8 Noth Sumatra
7.IV. M 6.6 Papua N.G
17.IV.M 6.2 Bismarck Sea 11 days delay
60
0,0015
|
5
14.III.M 6.8 Halmahera Sea 7 days dela
70
Discussion Paper
7
23
.4
.2
01
0
20
15.II.M 6.2 Banda Sea 5 days delay
50
26
.3
.2
01
0
30
5.II. M 6.2 Indian-Antarctic Ridge
40
26
.2
.2
01
0
29
.1
.2
01
0
Number of earthquakes
80
|
20
10
90
Discussion Paper
1.
1.
Indian plate 90°E - 150°E
|
agnitude
100
Discussion Paper
10
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
31
.1
2.
20
10
3.
12
.2
01
0
5.
11
.2
01
0
8.
10
.2
01
0
10
.9
.2
01
0
13
.8
.2
01
0
16
.7
.2
01
0
18
.6
.2
01
0
21
.5
.2
01
0
23
.4
.2
01
0
26
.3
.2
01
0
26
.2
.2
01
0
29
.1
.2
01
0
1.
1.
-0,002
Discussion Paper
20
10
0
Date
Fig. 4h. Earthquakes of the Indian plate in 2010. To avoid influence of earthquakes triggered by westward
movement of the Pacific plate, only band 90°E – 150°E was taken. Triangles mark earthquake > 6 M.
Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge + New Zealand earthquakes
|
8
0,0015
5
0,001
4
0,0005
3
0
2
0
-0,001
1
15 .1.2
.
29 1. 2 010
. 0
12 1. 2 10
. 0
26 2. 2 10
. 0
12 2. 2 10
. 0
26 3. 2 10
.3 01
9 . 20 0
23 .4.2 10
.4 01
7 . 20 0
21 .5.2 10
.5 01
4 . 20 0
18 .6.2 10
.6 01
2 . 20 0
16 .7.2 10
.
30 7. 2 010
. 0
13 7. 2 10
. 0
27 8. 2 10
.8 01
10 . 2 0
. 0
24 9. 2 10
. 0
8. 9. 2 10
22 10. 01
.1 20 0
5. 0 .2 10
19 11. 01
.1 20 0
3. 1 .2 10
17 12. 01
. 2 0
31 12 . 010
.1 20
14 2 .2 10
. 0
28 1. 2 10
. 0
11 1. 2 11
. 0
25 2. 2 11
.2 01
.2 1
01
1
-0,0005
Date
Discussion Paper
|
75
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 4i. Earthquakes in N. Zealand region in 2010 till February 2011. The earthquake of
Christchurch
3 September
2010
occurred
in the 2011.
second
LOD minimum,
asSep.
most
of earthFig. 4i. Earthquakes
in N. Zealand
region
in 2010 till February
The earthquake
of Christchurch
3,
2010
in the plate
second in
LOD
minimum2010.
as most See
of earthquakes
in the Indian
plateearthquake
in autumn 2010.after
See 3 27.6 days.
quakes
in occurred
the Indian
autumn
3 repetitions
of this
repetitions of this earthquake after 27.6 days. Disastrous earthquake Christchurch Feb. 21, 2011 occurred in
Disastrous
earthquake
Christchurch 21 February 2011 occurred in reciprocal cycles in LOD
reciprocal
cycles in LOD maximum.
maximum.
Discussion Paper
1
Length of a day - 86400 s
6
0,002
|
Earthquake magnitude
M 6.3 Christchurch Feb. 21, 2011
Discussion Paper
7
0,0025
M 7.1 Christchurch Sep. 3, 2010
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
11
Discussion Paper
|
Discussion Paper
|
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Discussion Paper
|
76
Discussion Paper
Fig. 4 j.of
Construction
of northwardand
and westward
movement ofmovement
the Indian plate. Directions
wereIndian
measured from
Fig. 4j. Construction
northward
westward
of the
plate. Directions were
LOD graph back for 7 days after the earthquake. It means that earthquakes triggered exactly on LOD minimum
were
caused
by
northward
movement.
Those
triggered
on
LOD
maximum
were
caused
by
westward
movement.
measured from LOD
graph
back
for
7
days
after
the
earthquake.
It
means
that earthquakes
Earthquakes between LOD extremes determined sections on ascending or descending branch (back in 7 days),
which LOD
were added
vectorially. Figurewere
shows thatcaused
most of earthquakes
on Sumatra were triggered
on LOD
triggered exactly on
minimum
by
northward
movement.
Those
triggered on
minimum with only one exception caused probably by delay. Earthquakes from Banda Sea directs westward
similarly as
subduction zone
site. Earthquakesmovement.
in LOD small maximumEarthquakes
between 28 days maximums
show
LOD maximum were
caused
byin that
westward
between
LOD extremes
that those earthquakes were probably delayed. For those the area on the west from N. Guinea is typical.
Earthquakes on the north rim are triggered on the LOD minimum. Most of earthquakes from Banda Sea, N.
determined sections
on ascending or descending branch (back in 7 days), which were added
Hebrides , Kermadek and Tonga directs westward.
vectorially. Figure shows that most earthquakes on Sumatra were triggered on LOD minimum,
with only one exception caused probably by delay. Earthquakes from Banda Sea direct westward similarly to subduction zone on that site. Earthquakes in LOD small maximum between
28 days maximums show that those earthquakes were probably delayed. For those the area
on the west from N. Guinea is typical.
Earthquakes on the north rim are triggered on the LOD minimum. Most earthquakes from
Banda Sea, N. Hebrides, Kermadek and Tonga direct westward.
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
12
8
M 7., N. Zealand Sep. 3, 2010
M 7.0 N. Guinea Sep. 29, 2010
M 7.8 Mentawai Indonesia Oct. 25, 2010
0,0025
0,002
6
0,0015
5
0,001
4
0,0005
3
2
1
-0,0005
0
-0,001
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11
2 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 2 0 20 2 0 20 2 0 20 2 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
1. .1. .1. .2. .2. .3. .3. .4. .4. .5. .5. .6. .6. .7. .7. .7. .8. .8. .9. .9. 10. 10 . 11. 11 . 12. 12 . 12 . .1. .1. .2. .2.
.
1 15 29 12 26 12 26 9 23 7 21 4 18 2 16 30 13 27 10 24 8. 2. 5. 9. 3. 7. 1. 14 28 11 25
Date
2
1 3
1
0,0025
7
0,002
6
5
77
0,0015
0,001
ay - 86400 s
8
|
agnitude
Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge + Indian plate earthquakes
Discussion Paper
summer LOD minimum is evident.
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 4l. shows comparison of Indian plate earthquakes > M 6 (red bars) and earthquakes on
the Southeast
Indian
Ocean
Ridge
(black
bars)
separating
the
Indian plate
from Antarctica.
The
Fig. 4l shows
comparison
of Indian
plate
earthquakes
>M
6 (red bars) and
earthquakes
on the Southeast
Indian
Ocean Ridge
(black bars) separating
the Indian plate
Antarctica. is
Theevident.
large number of earthquakes in
large number
of earthquakes
in summer
LODfrom
minimum
Discussion Paper
0
|
Earthquake magnitude
7
Length odf a day - 86400 s
M 7.3 Vanuatu Dec. 25, 2010
M 6.3 N. Zealand Feb. 21, 2011
M 7.1 Solomon Is. Jan. 3, 2010
Discussion Paper
M 7.6 Moro Gulf July 23, 2010
M 7.6 Nicobar Is. Maz 12, 2010
M 7.8 North Sumatra Apr. 6, 2010
|
Indian plate 90°E - 180°E
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Fig. 4l shows comparison of Indian plate earthquakes > M 6 (red bars) and earthquakes on the Southeast Indian
Ocean Ridge (black bars) separating the Indian plate from Antarctica. The large number of earthquakes in
summer LOD minimum is evident.
Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge + Indian plate earthquakes
Discussion Paper
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11
2 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 2 0 20 2 0 20 2 0 20 2 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 7. 8. 8. 9. 9. 0. 0 . 1. 1 . 2. 2 . 2 . 1. 1. 2. 2.
1. 15. 29. 12. 26. 12. 26. 9. 23. 7. 21. 4. 18. 2. 16. 30. 13. 27. 10. 24. 8.1 2.1 5.1 9.1 3.1 7.1 1.1 14. 28. 11. 25. Date
2
1 3
1
7
0,002
6
0,0015
5
0,001
4
0,0005
3
0
-0,001
1.
15 1.2
.1 01
29 . 20 0
.1 10
12 . 2
.2 01
26 . 20 0
. 1
12 2. 2 0
.3 01
26 . 20 0
.3 10
.
9. 201
4
23 .2 0
.4 01
. 0
7. 201
5
21 .2 0
.5 01
. 0
4. 201
6
18 .2 0
.6 01
. 0
2. 201
16 7.2 0
.7 01
30 . 20 0
. 1
13 7. 2 0
.8 01
27 . 20 0
.8 10
10 . 2
.9 01
24 . 20 0
.9 10
8. . 2
1 0
22 0. 2 10
.1 01
5. 0 .2 0
1 0
19 1. 2 10
.1 01
3. 1 .2 0
1 0
17 2. 2 10
. 0
31 12 . 10
.1 20
2 . 10
20
10
-0,0005
Date
Discussion Paper
|
78
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 4m. Earthquakes in Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge show differences whether they are on
descending
branch
(blue bars
33 earthquakes)
or ascending
(orangeLOD
bars – only
Fig. 4 m.LOD
Earthquakes
in Southeast
Indian–Ocean
Ridge show differences
whether theybranch
are on descending
branch (blue barsThis
– 33 earthquakes)
or ascending
– only 22
earthquakes).
This shows that pushing
22 earthquakes).
shows that
there isbranch
force(orange
actingbars
during
the
Earth’s acceleration,
there is force acting during the Earth’s acceleration pushing the Indian plate northward.
the Indian plate northward.
Discussion Paper
1
|
0
2
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0025
Discussion Paper
Earthquake magnitude
|
8
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Chile and Japan Trenches
M 6.0 Off the coast of Honshu, Japan March 14, 2011
M 9.0 Near the coast of Honshu March 11, 2011
10
0,0018
0,0016
M 6.8 Biobio, Chile Feb. 11, 2011
0,0014
7
0,0012
6
0,001
5
0,0008
4
0,0006
3
23
.3
.2
01
1
9.
3.
20
11
23
.2
.2
01
1
0
9.
2.
20
11
0,0002
0
1.
12
.2
01
0
15
.1
2.
20
10
29
.1
2.
20
10
12
.1
.2
01
1
26
.1
.2
01
1
1
Date
Discussion Paper
|
79
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 5a. The LOD record and earthquakes in Japan and Chile at the beginning of 2011. Seemingly incoherent
earthquakes
in Chilein Japan
Trench
and Japan
bars) over M 6
Fig. 5a. The LOD
record and earthquakes
and(blue
Chile atbars)
the beginning
of 2011. Trench
Seemingly(red
incoherent
earthquakes inby
Chile
(blue bars)
Japan Trench
(red bars) rotation
over 6 M were
triggered by the
LOD Trench
were triggered
theTrench
second
LODandminimum
(Earth’s
increment)
butsecond
in Chile
minimum (Earth’s rotation increment) but in Chile Trench one months (exactly 27.32 days) sooner. Supposing the
one month
(exactly
27.32
days)
sooner.
Supposing
the
continental
lithosphere
of
the South
continental lithosphere of the South American and Eurasian plates fixed in GPS satellite system, then the mantle
American
and
Eurasian
fixed increment
in GPSeastward.
satellite
system,
mantle
beneath
rotates
during theplates
Earth’s rotation
Rotating
mantlethen
dragsthe
the Nazca
platebeneath
down the rotates
and the oceanic lithosphere of the Pacific plate moves away from Japan. At the same time it drags
duringChile
theTrench
Earth’s
rotation increment eastward. Rotating mantle drags the Nazca plate down
the continental lithosphere of northern Honshu 8 feet eastward.
the Chile Trench and the oceanic lithosphere of the Pacific plate moves away from Japan. At the
same time it drags the continental lithosphere of Northern Honshu 8 feet (∼ 2.44 m) eastward.
Discussion Paper
0,0004
|
2
Discussion Paper
8
Length of a day - 86400 s
M7.1 Araucania, Chile Jan 2, 2011
|
M 6.6 Offshore Maule, Chile Feb. 14, 2011
9
Earthquake magnitude
Discussion Paper
13
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
minimum (Earth’s rotation increment) but in Chile Trench one months (exactly 27.32 days) sooner. Supposing the
continental lithosphere of the South American and Eurasian plates fixed in GPS satellite system, then the mantle
beneath rotates during the Earth’s rotation increment eastward. Rotating mantle drags the Nazca plate down the
Chile Trench and the oceanic lithosphere of the Pacific plate moves away from Japan. At the same time it drags
the continental lithosphere of northern Honshu 8 feet eastward.
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
|
Discussion Paper
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
|
Discussion Paper
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
|
Fig. 5b. GPS horizontal movement of
J Honshu
I
northern Honshu (NASA 2011).
was dragged by the rolling mantle out
Back of
Close
from the continental lithosphere
Eurasian plate.
|
80
Discussion Paper
Fig. 5b. GPS horizontal movement of Northern Honshu (NASA 2011). Honshu was dragged
by the rolling mantle out from the continental lithosphere of Eurasian plate.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
|
Discussion Paper
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
|
Discussion Paper
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Figures
I
I
|
Fig. 6. The movement of South American
Tables
continent during the magnitude 8.8
– offshore
Maule Chile earthquake and the 3.04 m
westward jump of the continent in the city of
J more
Concepcion after the earthquake. Read
(Report from Wired Science 2010).
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/03/c
J
hile-earthquake-moved-entire-city-10-feet-tothe-west/#ixzz0hr4xF7ZM
Back
|
81
Discussion Paper
Fig. 6. The movement of South American continent during the magnitude 8.8 – offshore
Maule Chile earthquake and the 3.04 m westward jump of the continent in the city of Concepcion after the earthquake. Read more (Report from Wired Science 2010). http://www.
wired.com/wiredscience/2010/03/chile-earthquake-moved-entire-city-10-feet-to-the-west/
#ixzz0hr4xF7ZM
Close
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
15
p=19.88%
N=254
Full or new Moon
position
30
|
20
10
0
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Days
x
Discussion Paper
Number of earthquakes
40
=180°
Discussion Paper
=-180°
=15(2x-1)° =12.86(2x-15)°
60
p=14.87%
N=244
50
|
Earthquake histogram Sumatra and Andaman Sea 1963-2011
earthquake occurrece before and after the full or new Moon
Fig. 7a. Histogram of earthquake occurrence in days before and after the full or new Moon for 14 and 12-interval
p=50.42%
N=2266
=180°
0,0016
LOD maximum
p=50.75%
N=264
0,0014
0,0012
40
82
0,001
|
arthquakes
50
=15(2x-13)° =12.86(2x-15)°
ay - 86400 s
=-180°
60
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Sumatra and Andaman sea 1963-2011
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
distribution.
Transformation
formulas from
days x to phase
for the Schuster’s
test are
Fig. 7a.
Histogram
of earthquake
occurrence
in angle
days before
and after
thegiven
fullabove.
or new Moon for
14 and 12-interval distribution. Transformation formulas from days x to phase angle ϕ for the
Schuster’s test are given above.
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Days
x
Earthquake histogram Sumatra and Andaman sea 1963-2011
=180°
0,0016
LOD maximum
p=50.75%
N=264
|
p=50.42%
N=2266
50
0,0014
0,0012
40
0,001
0,0008
30
0,0006
20
0,0004
Discussion Paper
Number of earthquakes
=15(2x-13)° =12.86(2x-15)°
Length of a day - 86400 s
=-180°
60
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7a. Histogram of earthquake occurrence in days before and after the full or new Moon for 14 and 12-interval
distribution. Transformation formulas from days x to phase angle for the Schuster’s test are given above.
|
10
0,0002
0
1
2
3
x
4
5
6
7
8
LOD minimum
9
10
11
12
13
14
Days
Fig. 7b. Histogram for earthquake occurrence during the 13.66 days sidereal Earth’s rotation cycle. Owing to
Discussion Paper
|
83
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7b.distinctive
Histogram
for occurrences
earthquake
occurrence
the 13.66
days test
sidereal
Earth’s
rotation
earthquake
in LOD
minimum and during
LOD maximum
the Schuster’s
gives very
high value
of the parameter
p over 50%.
Separating the occurrences
13.66 days histogram
into twominimum
8-interval histograms
alongmaximum, the
cycle. Owing
to distinctive
earthquake
in LOD
and LOD
descending and ascending LOD graph braches, result gives p=0.000059% for descending branch and
Schuster’s
test gives
very branch
high value
of7b2.
the8-interval
parameter
p over
%. Separating
the 13.66
days
p=0.0016%
for ascending
Figs 7b1,
histogram
in LOD50
minimum
gives p=0.000073%
and
symmetric
random
distribution histograms
of earthquakes Fig.
7b3.descending
Fig. 7b4 for LODand
maximum
gives partly
asymmetric
histogram
into two
8-interval
along
ascending
LOD
graph braches,
earthquake distribution and p=0.010%
result gives p = 0.000059 % for descending branch and p = 0.0016 % for ascending branch,
Fig. 7b1,b2. 8-interval histogram in LOD minimum gives p = 0.000073 % and symmetric random distribution of earthquakes, Fig. 7b3. Figure 7b4 for LOD maximum gives partly asymmetric earthquake distribution and p = 0.010 %.
Discussion Paper
0
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
16
Discussion Paper
Eathquake histogram Sumatra and Andaman Sea
1963-2011 on LOD descending branch
=-180°
=22.5(2x-9)
=180°
0,0016
0,0012
40
0,001
0,0008
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
x
Fig. 7b1. Continued.
Fig. 7b1.
|
84
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
20
|
30
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
Discussion Paper
p=0.000059%
N=151
50
Number of earthquakes
|
60
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Fig. 7b1.
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Sumatra and Andaman Sea
1963-2011 on LOD ascending branch
=22.5(2x-9)
=180°
0,0012
40
0,001
0,0006
20
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
x
Fig. 7b2. Continued.
Fig. 7b2.
|
85
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0008
|
30
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
Discussion Paper
0,0016
p=0.0016%
N=146
50
Number of earthquakes
|
=-180°
60
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
17
Discussion Paper
Eathquake histogram Sumatra and Andaman Sea
1963-2011 at LOD minimum peak
=-180°
=180°
60
|
0,0012
40
0,0008
0,0006
20
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7b3. Continued.
Fig. 7b3
|
86
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
30
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,001
|
Number of earthquakes
50
Discussion Paper
p=0.000073%
N=151
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7b3
Eathquake histogram Sumatra and Andaman Sea
1963-2011 at LOD maximum peak
=-180°
60
=180°
0,0014
40
0,001
30
0,0008
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7b4. Continued.
Fig, 7b4
|
87
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
|
Number of earthquakes
50
Discussion Paper
p=0.010%
N=138
|
0,0016
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
18
=22.5(2x-21)
=180°
0,0016
x
0,0014
p=1.89%
N=148
LOD maximum
40
0,0012
0,001
30
0,0008
0,0006
20
0,0002
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12 13
x
LOD minimum
14
Days
=180°
0,0016
20
LOD maximum
88
0,0014
0,0012
|
uakes
p=9.54%
N=167
86400 s
25
Discussion Paper
2008-2011
=-180°
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. Counting
7c. Counting earthquakes
earthquakes in days
be also
performed
fromperformed
inflection points
of LOD
graph. Thispoints
gives less
Fig. 7c.
incan
days
can
be also
from
inflection
of LOD
accurate number of earthquakes in LOD extremes and more earthquakes in days before extremes. Counting
graph.earthquakes
This gives
less
accurate
number
of
earthquakes
in
LOD
extremes
and
more
earthfrom fixed extremes is recommended because the LOD graph is influenced by many factors but
arebefore
decisive for
triggering of Counting
earthquakes earthquakes from fixed extremes is recommended
quakesextremes
in days
extremes.
because the LOD graph is influenced by many factors, but extremes are decisive for triggering
of earthquakes.
Earthquake histogram Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge
Discussion Paper
0,0004
10
|
Number of earthquakes
50
Length of a day - 86400 s
=-180°
Discussion Paper
x
60
p=4.11%
N=164
|
Earthquake histogram Sumatra and Andaman Sea 1963-2011,
counting of earthquaked between inflection points of LOD
graph =180°
=-180°
=22.5(2x-9)
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
LOD minimum
Earthquake histogram Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge
2008-2011
25
0,0014
0,0012
0,001
15
0,0008
10
0,0006
0,0004
5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LOD minimum
9
10
11
12
13
14
Days
Fig. 7d. Histogram of earthquakes from the South Indian Ocean Ridge shows maximums in LOD extremes but
Discussion Paper
|
89
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7d.
of ofearthquakes
from the
South
Indian number
Ocean
Ridge shows
maximums
owingHistogram
to the movement
the Indian plate northward
there
is the increased
of earthquakes
in descending
branch
LOD record,
i.e. more
earthquakes
in the
movingplate
plate than
in the stable one.
in LOD(accelerating)
extremes,
but ofowing
to the
movement
ofare
the
Indian
northward,
there is the inDetailed 8-interval histograms Fig. 7d1 and Fig. 7d2 confirm this. Descending branch p=5.89% is close to the
creased
number of earthquakes in descending (accelerating) branch of LOD record; i.e. more
random distribution with earthquake maximum in LOD minimum, but the ascending branch has irregular
earthquakes
in the moving plate than in the stable one. Detailed 8-interval histograms
distributionare
p=87.90%.
Fig. 7d1, d2 confirms this. Descending branch p = 5.89 % is close to the random distribution
with earthquake maximum in LOD minimum, but the ascending branch has irregular distribution
p = 87.90 %.
Discussion Paper
0,0002
|
Number of earthquakes
LOD maximum
20
Discussion Paper
p=9.54%
N=167
|
=180°
0,0016
Length of a day - 86400 s
=-180°
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7c. Counting earthquakes in days can be also performed from inflection points of LOD graph. This gives less
accurate number of earthquakes in LOD extremes and more earthquakes in days before extremes. Counting
earthquakes from fixed extremes is recommended because the LOD graph is influenced by many factors but
extremes are decisive for triggering of earthquakes
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
19
=180°
0,0016
0,001
15
0,0008
0,0006
0,0004
5
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7d1. Continued.
Fig. 7d1
|
90
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
10
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0014
20
Discussion Paper
p=5.89%
N=101
|
=-180°
25
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge
2008-2011 on LOD descendig branch
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Fig. 7d1
=180°
0,0016
0,0012
0,001
15
0,0008
0,0006
0,0004
5
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7d2. Continued.
Fig. 7d2
|
91
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
10
Length of a day - 86400 s
20
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0014
Discussion Paper
p=87.90%
N=80
|
=-180°
25
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge
2008-2011 on LOD ascending branch
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
20
Earthquake histogram Chile Trench 1973 - 2011
=6.429(2x-29)°
=180°
0,0014
First maximum
Earthquake Count
Second maximum
20
0,0012
0,001
0,0008
15
0,0006
10
0,0004
0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Days
First minimum
Second minimum
x
Fig. 4e. For the Chilean earthquakes the 28-interval histogram was chosen owing to the cyclic change of bigger
=180°
0,0014
92
30
0,0012
0,001
|
akes
=22.5(2x-9)
p=1.39%
N=114
400 s
=-180°
40
Discussion Paper
1973-2011 on the first LOD maximum
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7e.
theLOD
Chilean
earthquakes
28-interval
histogram
was
chosen,
owing
the cyclic
andFor
smaller
maximum
typical for LOD the
record
in 2010. The histogram
for the
Chilean
subduction
zoneto
shows
surprisingly
goodand
correlation,
p=1.30%
the whole 28-interval
Thisrecord
confirms in
that2010.
togetherThe
the LOD
change
of bigger
smaller
LODformaximum
typicalhistogram.
for LOD
histogram
second minimum and 2-3 days before the first LOD maximum are the most probable earthquakes occurrences.
for theSeparating
Chileanthe
subduction
zonein shows
surprisingly
goodthat
correlation,
p = 1.30
%, foristhe
28 days histogram
four 8 days
histograms it shows
the first LOD maximum
p=1.39%
the whole
most probable
LOD areaThis
of earthquake
triggering,
7e1-4. the LOD second minimum and 2–3 days
28-interval
histogram.
confirms
that Figs
together
before the first LOD maximum are the most probable earthquakes occurrences. Separating the
28 days histogram in four 8 days histograms, it shows that the first LOD maximum p = 1.39 % is
Earthquake histogram Chile Trench
the most probable LOD area of earthquake triggering, Fig. 7e1–4.
Discussion Paper
0,0002
|
5
Discussion Paper
25
|
p=1.30%
N=349
Length of a day - 86400 s
=-180°
30
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
second minimum and 2-3 days before the first LOD maximum are the most probable earthquakes occurrences.
Separating the 28 days histogram in four 8 days histograms it shows that the first LOD maximum p=1.39% is the
most probable LOD area of earthquake triggering, Figs 7e1-4.
Earthquake histogram Chile Trench
1973-2011 on the first LOD maximum
=180°
0,0014
p=1.39%
N=114
30
0,001
0,0008
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
x
Fig.Continued.
7e1
Fig. 7e1.
|
93
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
|
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
Discussion Paper
Number of earthquakes
=22.5(2x-9)
|
=-180°
40
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Chile Trench
1973-2011 on the first LOD minimum
|
=22.5(2x-9)
0,0005
30
0,0004
20
0,0003
10
0,0001
0
2
3
x
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7e2.
Fig.Continued.
7e2
|
Earthquake histogram
Chile Trench
94
1973-2011 on the second LOD maximum
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0002
|
Number of earhquakes
p=10.66%
N=88
Discussion Paper
=180°
0,0006
Length of a day - 86400 s
=-180°
40
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Days
x
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7e2
Earthquake histogram Chile Trench
1973-2011 on the second LOD maximum
0,0005
0,0004
20
0,0002
10
0,0001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
x
Fig.Continued.
7e3
Fig. 7e3.
|
95
Discussion Paper
Days
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0003
|
Number of earthquakes
30
0,0006
Discussion Paper
p=18.35%
N=80
=180°
0,0007
Length of a day - 86400 s
=22,5(2x-9)°
|
=-180°
40
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
22
Earthquake histogram Chile Trench
1973-2011 on the second LOD minimum
=22.5(2x-9)°
=180°
0,0007
0,0005
0,0004
20
0,0002
10
0,0001
0
2
3
x
Fig.Continued.
7e4
Fig. 7e4.
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0003
Length of a day - 86400 s
30
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0006
Discussion Paper
p=50.66%
N=111
|
=-180°
40
SED
|
Earthquake histogram
Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
96
2000-2011 (5°N - 28°N)
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
0,0001
Discussion Paper
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
x
Days
Fig. 7e4
LOD maximum
p=52.84%
N=348
0,0012
40
0,001
30
0,0008
0,0002
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LOD minimum
9
10
11
12
13
14
Days
Discussion Paper
0,0004
10
|
0,0006
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
50
Number of earthquakes
´180°
0,0016
Discussion Paper
=-180°
60
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
2000-2011 (5°N - 28°N)
Fig. 7f shows that earthquakes from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are triggered both in LOD maximums and minimums
Discussion Paper
|
97
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7f.giving
shows
thatvalue
earthquakes
from the
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
are triggered
in LOD
very high
of parameter p=52.84%.
Detailed
Schuster’s tests
for 8-interval
histograms both
for branches
or maxconfirm the clear
correlation
earthquakes
record, Figsp7f1-4.
imums extremes
and minimums,
giving
veryofhigh
valuewith
ofLOD
parameter
= 52.84 %. Detailed Schuster’s
tests for 8-interval histograms for branches or extremes confirm the clear correlation of earthquakes with LOD record, Fig. 7f1–4.
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
2000-2011 on LOD descending branch
=-180°
=180°
0,0016
0,0014
40
0,001
30
0,0008
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7f1.
Continued.
Fig.
7f1.
=-180°
=180°
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
98
2000-2011 on LOD ascending branch
Discussion Paper
1
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
|
Number of earthquakes
50
Discussion Paper
p=0.012%
N=186
|
60
Discussion Paper
23
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Days
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
2000-2011 on LOD ascending branch
=-180°
=180°
60
0,0014
40
0,001
30
0,0008
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig.Continued.
7f2.
Fig. 7f2.
|
99
Discussion Paper
1
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
|
Number of earthquakes
50
Discussion Paper
p=0.042%
N=201
|
0,0016
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7f1.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
2000-2011 at LOD minimum peak
=-180°
60
|
=180°
0,0012
0,0008
0,0006
20
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fig.
7f3
Fig. 7f3.
Continued.
=-180°
60
=180°
0,0016
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
2000-2011 at LOD
100maximum peak
Discussion Paper
Days
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
30
Length of a day - 86400 s
40
|
Number of earthquakes
0,001
Discussion Paper
p=0.0052%
N=186
50
Discussion Paper
24
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Days
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
2000-2011 at LOD maximum peak
=180°
0,0016
40
0,001
0,0008
30
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fig.
7f4
Fig. 7f4.
Continued.
|
101
Discussion Paper
Days
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
20
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0012
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
50
Discussion Paper
p=0.00022%
N=185
|
=-180°
60
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7f3
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
25
=180°
p=88.80% p=0.81%
N=219
N=57
0,0012
20
0,001
15
0,0008
0,0006
10
0,0002
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
LOD minimum
13
14
Days
=-180°
30
=180°
0,0016
p=78.76%
N=110
0,0014
102
0,0012
0,001
- 86400 s
20
|
quakes
25
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
(5°N - 10°N) 1973-2011 on descending LOD branch
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7g.
Thenarrow
narrow section
of theof
northern
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
shows very peculiar
histogram
with 3 earthFig. 7g.
The
section
the Northern
Mid-Atlantic
Ridgeearthquake
shows very
peculiar
maximums. In shorter time period there are 2 maximums close to LOD maximum, but in LOD minimum almost no
quakeearthquakes
histogram
with 3also
maximums.
Incyclic
shorter
time
period there
are
2 branches.
maximums close to LOD
. Compare
with Fig. 8 with
changes
of earthquakes
on both
LOD
maximum, but in LOD minimum almost no earthquakes. Compare also with Fig. 8 with cyclic
changes of earthquakes on both LOD branches.
Discussion Paper
0,0004
5
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
|
Number of earthquakes
25
0,0016
LOD maximum
Discussion Paper
=-180°
30
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
(5°N - 10°N) 1973-2011 and 1999-VII.2006
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
(5°N - 10°N) 1973-2011 on descending LOD branch
=-180°
30
=180°
|
0,0016
0,0014
20
0,001
15
0,0008
0,0004
5
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7g1.
Continued.
Fig.
7g1
|
103
Discussion Paper
1
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
10
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
|
Number of earthquakes
25
Discussion Paper
p=78.76%
N=110
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7g. The narrow section of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge shows very peculiar earthquake histogram with 3
maximums. In shorter time period there are 2 maximums close to LOD maximum, but in LOD minimum almost no
earthquakes. Compare also with Fig. 8 with cyclic changes of earthquakes on both LOD branches.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
(5°N - 10°N) 1973-2011 on ascending LOD branch
=180°
0,0016
0,0012
0,001
15
0,0008
0,0006
0,0004
5
0,0002
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7g2.
Fig.Continued.
7g2
Discussion Paper
2
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
10
|
Number of earthquakes
20
Lengt of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
Discussion Paper
p=1.44%
N=120
1
|
25
=-180°
Discussion Paper
26
|
104
Earthquake histogram
Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Discussion Paper
Days
Fig. 7g2
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
parallel with meridian 1976-2011 (15°N-23.5°N)
=180°
0,0012
0,001
20
0,0008
0,0006
10
0,0004
0,0002
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LOD minimum
9
10
11
12
13
14
Days
|
105
Discussion Paper
on ascending LOD branch are more numerous (Table 2) and not correlating with LOD maximum
(Fig. 7h2). There are earthquakes in Mid-Atlantic Ridge preceding earthquakes in transform
faults, including the Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010. See Fig. 4c.
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
7h shows histogram of the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge but in narrow section 44°W - 48°W where
Fig. 7h.Fig.
histogram
of the
part
of to
the
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
but in narrow
section
theshows
Mid Atlantic
Ridge is parallel
with northern
longitude (Figs
7h1-4)
avoid
maximally the effect
of transform
faults
◦
the Mid-Atlantic
Earthquakes
ascending LOD
are more
numerous
44–48 intersecting
W whereperpendicularly
the Mid Atlantic
RidgeRidge.
is parallel
withon
longitude
(Fig.branch
7h1–4)
to avoid
maximally
(Table 2) and not correlating with LOD maximum (Fig. 7h2). There are earthquakes in Mid-Atlantic Ridge
the effect
of transform faults intersecting perpendicularly the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earthquakes
preceding earthquakes in transform faults including the Haiti earthquake of Jan. 12, 2010. See Fig. 4c.
Discussion Paper
Length of a day - 86400 s
30
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0014
Discussion Paper
0,0016
LOD maximum
p=4.88%
N=110
|
=-180°
40
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
27
30
0,0012
0,001
0,0008
0,0006
10
0,0004
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7h1.
Fig.Continued.
7h1
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
106
parallel with meridian 1976-2011
(15°N-23.5°N) along
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
|
Number of earthquakes
p=0.0039%
N=129
Discussion Paper
=180°
0,0016
|
=-180°
40
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
parallel with meridian 1976-2011 (15°N-23.5°N) along
descending LOD branch
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Days
=180°
0,0016
30
0,0012
0,001
0,0008
0,0006
10
0,0004
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7h2.
Fig.Continued.
7h2
|
107
Discussion Paper
1
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
|
Number of earthquakes
p=25.43%
N=126
Discussion Paper
=-180°
40
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
parallel with meridian 1976-2011 (15°N-23.5°N) along
ascending LOD branch
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7h1
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
=-180°
=180°
30
0,0008
0,0006
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7h3.
Continued.
Fig.
7h3
|
108
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic
Ridge northern part
Discussion Paper
1
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
|
Number f earthquakes
0,001
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
p=0.013%
N=139
Discussion Paper
40
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
parallel with meridian 1976-2011 (15°N-23.5°N) at LOD
minimum peak
Discussion Paper
28
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
=-180°
=180°
0,0016
30
0,0012
0,001
20
0,0008
10
0,0004
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig.Continued.
7h4
Fig. 7h4.
|
109
Discussion Paper
1
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
|
Number of earthquakes
p=0.36%
N=107
Discussion Paper
40
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge northern part
parallel with meridian 1976-2011 (15°N-23.5°N) at LOD
maximum peak
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7h3
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
29
=180°
40
30
0,0012
0,001
20
0,0008
0,0006
0,0004
0,0002
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Days
LOD minimum
=-180°
=180°
40
0,0016
110
0,0012
86400 s
30
0,0014
|
uakes
p=1.00%
N=162
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge central part
parallel with equator 2000-2011
on LOD descending branch
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7i. In kontrast to Fig. 7h there are more numerous earthquakes in the accelerating LOD branch because the
Fig. 7i.section
In contrast
Fig. 7h,
are
more
earthquakes
the accelerating LOD
chosen is to
in narrow
band there
(0°-2.5°N)
parallel
withnumerous
equator; it reflects
the westward in
movement.
branch because the section chosen is in narrow band (0–2.5◦ N) parallel with equator; it reflects
the westward movement.
Discussion Paper
10
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0016
LOD maximum
p=0.34%
N=266
Discussion Paper
=-180°
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge central part
parallel with equator 2000-2011
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7i. In kontrast to Fig. 7h there are more numerous earthquakes in the accelerating LOD branch because the
section chosen is in narrow band (0°-2.5°N) parallel with equator; it reflects the westward movement.
=180°
40
0,0016
30
0,0012
0,001
0,0008
0,0006
10
0,0004
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7i1.Fig.
Continued.
7i1
|
111
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
|
Number of earthquakes
p=1.00%
N=162
Discussion Paper
=-180°
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge central part
parallel with equator 2000-2011
on LOD descending branch
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
30
0,0016
0,0012
0,001
0,0008
0,0006
10
0,0004
0,0002
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig.
7i2
Fig. 7i2.
Continued.
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
Discussion Paper
2
L. Ostřihanský
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
|
Number of earrhquakes
=180°
30
1
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
Discussion Paper
=-180°
40
p=35.86%
N=133
4, 33–130, 2012
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge central part
parallel with equator 2000-2011
on LOD ascending branch
SED
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge southern part
112
2000-2011
=-180°
=180°
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
L
N
10
0
Discussion Paper
0,0002
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7i2
p=0.024%
N=317
LOD maximum
0,0012
40
0,001
0,0008
30
0,0002
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LOD minimum
9
10
11
12
13
0
14
Days
Discussion Paper
|
113
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7j.
southern
part
the Ridge
Mid shows
Atlantic
shows even
more earthFig.Histogram
7j. Histogram from
from thethe
southern
part of the
Mid of
Atlantic
evenRidge
more earthquakes
in descending
than in FigLOD
7i. Thisbranch
confirms quick
the Earth’s acceleration.
quakesLOD
in branch
descending
thanwestward
in Fig. movement
7i. Thisinconfirms
quick westward movement in
the Earth’s acceleration.
Discussion Paper
0,0004
10
|
0,0006
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
50
Number of earthquakes
0,0016
Discussion Paper
60
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge southern part
2000-2011
=-180°
=180°
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge southern part
2000-2011 on LOD descending branch
=-180°
=180°
60
|
0,0016
0,0014
40
0,001
30
0,0008
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7j1.
Continued.
Fig,
7j1
=-180°
=180°
|
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge southern part
2000-2011 on LOD114
ascending branch
Discussion Paper
1
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
|
Number of earthquakes
50
Discussion Paper
p=0.00008%
N=203
Discussion Paper
31
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Days
Earthquake histogram Mid-Atlantic Ridge southern part
2000-2011 on LOD ascending branch
=-180°
40
0,001
0,0008
30
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7j2.Fig.
Continued.
7j2
|
115
Discussion Paper
1
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
20
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0012
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
50
Discussion Paper
p=0.062%
N=154
|
60
=180°
0,0016
Discussion Paper
Fig, 7j1
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
32
Earthquake histogram Haiti region 1976-2010
=-180°
LOD maximum
0,001
30
0,0008
20
0,0006
0,0004
0,0002
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LOD minimum
9
10
11
12
13
14
Days
on LOD descending branch
50
0,0016
p=0.13%
N=182
116
0,0012
0,001
86400 s
uakes
0,0014
|
40
=180°
Discussion Paper
=-180°
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
7k. The
14-interval histogram
shows
p=4.95%pthat
for the%
whole
13.66
the13.66
earthquake
Fig. 7k.Fig.The
14-interval
histogram
shows
= 4.95
that
fordays
theperiod,
whole
days period, the
occurrence in the LOD minimum is the most probable. Better results the 8-interval shows, Fig. 7k1 p=0.13%.
earthquake
occurrence
in
the
LOD
minimum
is
the
most
probable.
Better
results
theof 8-interval
However the 8-interval histogram Fig. 7k3 in center of LOD minimum in spite of partly apparent correlation
earthquake
maximum, owing
evident non-random
distribution
parameter
p=22.45%
is
shows,LOD
Fig.minimum
7k1 pand
= 0.13
%. However,
theto8-interval
histogram
Fig.the
7k3
in center
of LOD
minihigh. Similar case shows Fig. 7k4.
mum in spite of partly apparent correlation of LOD minimum and earthquake maximum, owing
to evident non-random distribution the parameter p = 22.45 % is high. Similar case shown in
Fig. 7k4. Earthquake histogram Haiti region 1976-2010
Discussion Paper
10
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0012
Lenfth of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
40
Discussion Paper
p=4.95%
N=324
|
=180°
0,0016
50
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
occurrence in the LOD minimum is the most probable. Better results the 8-interval shows, Fig. 7k1 p=0.13%.
However the 8-interval histogram Fig. 7k3 in center of LOD minimum in spite of partly apparent correlation of
LOD minimum and earthquake maximum, owing to evident non-random distribution the parameter p=22.45% is
high. Similar case shows Fig. 7k4.
Earthquake histogram Haiti region 1976-2010
on LOD descending branch
=-180°
=180°
50
0,0008
0,0006
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7k1.
Fig.Continued.
7k1
|
117
Discussion Paper
2
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,001
30
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0012
Discussion Paper
0,0014
40
1
|
0,0016
p=0.13%
N=182
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
33
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Haiti region 1976-2010
on LOD ascending branch
=-180°
=180°
0,0016
40
0,0012
0,001
30
0,0006
0,0004
10
0,0002
Discussion Paper
20
|
0,0008
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
Discussion Paper
p=84.16%
N=176
Number of earthquakes
|
50
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Abstract
0
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7k2. Continued.
Fig. 7k2
|
Earthquake histogram Haiti region 1976-2010
118
at LOD mnimum peak
Discussion Paper
1
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Days
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7k2
Earthquake histogram Haiti region 1976-2010
at LOD mnimum peak
=-180°
=180°
50
0,0006
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig.Continued.
7k3
Fig. 7k3.
|
119
Discussion Paper
2
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
Length of a day - 86400 s
30
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0008
Discussion Paper
0,001
40
1
|
0,0012
p=22.45%
N=164
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
34
Earthquake histogram Haiti region 1976-2010
at LOD maximum peak
=-180°
50
=180°
0,001
30
0,0006
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig.Continued.
7k4
Fig. 7k4.
|
120
Earthquake histogram N. Zealand 1973-2011
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
|
0,0008
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
Discussion Paper
0,0014
40
Number of earthquakes
|
0,0016
p=26.00%
N=210
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Discussion Paper
Days
Fig. 7k4
Earthquake histogram N. Zealand 1973-2011
and in shorter time period 2000-2011
|
=-180°
=180°
0,0016
p=58.23%
N=85
LOD maximum
0,0014
0,0012
20
0,001
15
0,0008
0,0006
10
0,0004
0,0002
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LOD minimum
9
10
11
12
13
14
Days
Discussion Paper
|
121
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7l. The earthquake M 7.1 Christchurch Sep. 3, 2010 and earthquake M 6.3 Feb. 21, 2011 were created in
Fig. 7l.
earthquake
M 7.1
Christchurch
3 September
2010histogram
and earthquake
LOD The
maximum
and LOD minimum
respectively
as probabilities
given by earthquake
show. Excess ofM 6.3 21
earthquakes
descending
LODinbranch
7l1 shows that
with the Southeast
Indian Ocean
February
2011 on
were
created
LODFig.
maximum
andsimilarly
LODasminimum,
respectively
as Ridge
probabilities
the Indian plate moves northward. Yellow bars mark shorter time period.
given (Fig.
by 7d)
earthquake
histogram show. Excess of earthquakes on descending LOD branch
Fig. 7l1 shows that similarly, as with the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge (Fig. 7d), the Indian
plate moves northward. Yellow bars mark shorter time period.
Discussion Paper
5
|
Number of earthquakes
25
Lehngth of a day - 86400 s
p=4.85%
N=175
Discussion Paper
30
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
35
Earthquake histogram N. Zealand 1973-2011 along
LOD descending branch
=180°
0,0016
20
0,001
0,0008
15
10
0,0004
5
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7l1.Fig.
Continued.
L1
|
Earthquake histogram N. Zealand 1973-2011 along
122
LOD ascending branch
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0012
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
25
Discussion Paper
p=2.11%
N=109
|
=-180°
30
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Days
Discussion Paper
Fig. L1
Earthquake histogram N. Zealand 1973-2011 along
LOD ascending branch
0,0012
20
0,001
0,0004
5
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7l2.Fig.
Continued.
L2
|
123
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
10
|
0,0008
15
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
25
Discussion Paper
p=22.03%
N=88
Number of earthquakes
|
0,0016
30
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Japan Trench, Honshu region 1963-2010
=-180°
=180°
0,0016
p=18.47%
N=173
LOD maximum
0,0012
20
0,001
0,0008
15
0,0006
10
0,0004
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Days
LOD minimum
2 days
quakes
200
124
0,0015
0,001
|
2 days
0,002
2 days
86400 s
Syzygy
250
Discussion Paper
0,0025
300
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7m.
Histogram for
for the
Trench
in Honshu
region (Figs
7m1, 7m2)
and7m1,
the Schuster’s
test show
Fig. 7m.
Histogram
theJapan
Japan
Trench
in Honshu
region
(Figs.
7m2) and
the very
Schuster’s
low probabilities of earthquakes occurrences in LOD extremes. Nevertheless the LOD minimum shows an
test show
very
low
probabilities
of
earthquakes
occurrences
in
LOD
extremes.
Nevertheless
increase number of earthquakes. The large parameter p=23.36% is incorrect (Fig. 7m1) owing to evidently nonthe LOD
minimum
shows
an increase
number
parameter
p = 23.36%
random
distribution.
Histograms
for the northern
part ofof
theearthquakes.
Mid-Atlantic RidgeThe
showlarge
larger number
of
earthquakes
ascending
(Figs 7f, 7f1,
7f2). Then it isdistribution.
possible that alsoHistograms
in the eastern side
thenorthern
is incorrect
(Fig.in LOD
7m1)
owing branch
to evidently
non-random
for of
the
Eurasian plate the ascending LOD branch will have more earthquakes. This is the case of the Japan Trench and
part of
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
show
number
ofMearthquakes
in LOD ascending branch
thethe
earthquake
of March 11,
2011 Near
thelarger
east coast
of Honshu
9.0 (Fig. 5a).
(Figs 7f, 7f1, 7f2). Then it is possible that also in the eastern side of the Eurasian plate the
8.6 Sumatra
28.3.05 earthquake
delay
ascending LOD branch willMhave
more earthquakes.
This is the
case of the Japan Trench and
the earthquake of 11 March 2011 Near the east coast of Honshu M 9.0 (Fig. 5a).
Discussion Paper
0,0002
|
5
Discussion Paper
Number of earthquakes
|
0,0014
25
Length of a day - 86400 s
30
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
random distribution. Histograms for the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge show larger number of
earthquakes in LOD ascending branch (Figs 7f, 7f1, 7f2). Then it is possible that also in the eastern side of the
Eurasian plate the ascending LOD branch will have more earthquakes. This is the case of the Japan Trench and
the earthquake of March 11, 2011 Near the east coast of Honshu M 9.0 (Fig. 5a).
SED
Earthquake histogram Japan Trench, Honshu region
1963-2010 on descending LOD branch
=180°
0,0016
0,0014
20
0,001
15
0,0008
10
0,0004
5
0,0002
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7m1.
Fig.Continued.
m1
|
125
Discussion Paper
2
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0012
Length of a day - 86400 s
25
Discussion Paper
p=23.36%
N=91
1
|
30
=-180°
4, 33–130, 2012
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram Japan Trench, Honshu region
1963-2010 on ascending LOD branch
p=26.17%
N=99
0,0012
20
0,001
15
0,0008
0,0004
5
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7m2.
Fig.Continued.
m2
|
126
Earthquake histogram East Pacific Rise 2000-2011
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
0,0006
10
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
|
Number of earthquakes
0,0016
Discussion Paper
25
=180°
|
30
=-180°
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
0
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
Discussion Paper
1
8
Days
Fig. m2
Earthquake histogram East Pacific Rise 2000-2011
=180°
p=50.11%
N=370
LOD maximum
0,0012
0,001
30
0,0008
20
0,0002
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LOD minimum
9
10
11
12
13
14
Date
Discussion Paper
0,0004
10
|
0,0006
Lengthof a day - 86400 s
0,0014
40
Discussion Paper
0,0016
50
Number of earthquakes
|
=-180°
Fig. 7n. Histogram for the East Pacific Rise shows an increased number of earthquakes in LOD descending
Discussion Paper
|
127
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Fig. 7n.branch.
Histogram
for the
Pacific
Rise
shows
anbutincreased
number
of earthquakes
This indicates
that East
one side
of the Rise
moves
quicker
more slowly than
the western
side of the Mid- in LOD
Atlanticbranch.
Ridge (Fig,This
7j), i.e.
the South American
continent
the Nazca
plate.quicker but more slowly than
descending
indicates
that one
side overrides
of the Rise
moves
the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 7j), i.e. the South American continent overrides
the Nazca plate.
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
38
Discussion Paper
Earthquake histogram East Pacific Rise 2000-2011
on LOD descending branch
=180°
|
=-180°
50
0,0016
0,0014
0,001
30
0,0008
0,0006
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7n1.
Fig.Continued.
7n1
|
Earthquake histogram East128
Pacific Rise 2000-2011
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
Lengt of a day - 86400 s
0,0012
|
Number of earthquakes
40
Discussion Paper
p=2.14%
N=218
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
Fig. 7n1
Earthquake histogram East Pacific Rise 2000-2011
on LOD ascending branch
=180°
0,0016
0,0012
0,001
30
0,0008
0,0006
0,0004
10
0,0002
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
Fig. 7n2.
Continued.
Fig.
7n2
|
129
Discussion Paper
1
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
0
Discussion Paper
20
|
Number of earthquakes
40
Length of a day - 86400 s
0,0014
Discussion Paper
p=11.94%
N=195
|
50
=-180°
SED
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion
Discussion Paper
39
4
-
3
-
-
0,002
-
0,0015
0,001
-
0,0005
+
0
-
-0,0005
0
-0,001
11
.3
8 . .1 9
4 9
6. .19 9
5 9
3. .19 9
6 9
1. .19 9
29 7.1 99
. 9
26 7.1 99
. 9
23 8.1 99
21 .9. 999
. 1
18 10. 999
.1 1 9
16 1. 99
.1 1 9
13 2.1 99
. 9
10 1.2 99
.2 0 0
9 . .2 0 0
3 0
6. .20 0
4 0
4. .20 0
5 0
1. .20 0
29 6.2 00
. 0
27 6.2 00
0
24.7.2 00
. 0
21 8.2 00
19 .9. 000
. 2
16 10. 000
. 2
14 11. 000
.1 2 0
11 2.2 00
.1 0 0
8 . .2 0 0
2 0
8. .20 1
3 0
5. .20 1
4 0
3. .20 1
31 5.2 01
.5 0 0
2 8 .2 1
. 0
26 6.2 01
.7 0 0
.2 1
00
1
1
Date
Discussion Paper
+
+
-
Length of a day - 86400 s
+
|
Earthquake magnitude
+
+
5
Discussion Paper
0,0025
6
2
|
Regular changes of earthquakes on ascending and descending branches of LOD
record (V.1999-IV.2001). Northern part of Mid-Atlantic Ridge (10°N-5°N)
SED
4, 33–130, 2012
Earth’s rotation
variations and
earthquakes
2010–2011
L. Ostřihanský
Title Page
Introduction
Conclusions
References
Tables
Figures
J
I
J
I
Back
Close
|
Abstract
|
130
Discussion Paper
Fig. 8. Regular changes of earthquakes positions on ascending (+) and decending (−)
Fig. 8. Regular changes of earthquakes position on ascending (+) and descending (-) branches of LOD record.
branches
of LOD
record.
Compare histogram Fig. 7g.
Compare
histogram
Fig. 7g.
Full Screen / Esc
Printer-friendly Version
Interactive Discussion