Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
Unit 8: Matter, PS.2
ID: A
Study Guide
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____
1. At its boiling temperature, the particles of a liquid are moving so slowly that they begin to form regular
patterns. _________________________
____
2. The smallest particle of an element is called a(n) atom. _________________________
____
3. Bases feel slippery and taste sour. _________________________
____
4. Bases form hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. _________________________
____
5. Water vapor is a colorless gas that is impossible to see. _________________________
____
6. A change that produces one or more new substances is called a physical change.
_________________________
____
7. The products of a neutralization reaction are acids and bases. _________________________
____
8. Particles in a liquid move around just as freely as particles in a solid. _________________________
____
9. A substance that undergoes a chemical change is still the same substance after the change.
_________________________
____ 10. A substance is a single kind of matter that has a specific composition.
1
_________________________
Name: ________________________
ID: A
Short Answer
Directions: Use the diagram below to answer each question.
1. In which state are the particles least able to move? Explain.
2. Which of the three states represents a liquid? How do you know?
3. Acids are ____________________, which means that they “eat away” at other materials.
4. Hardness, texture, color, and freezing point are examples of ____________________ properties of matter.
Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question.
5. Use the pH scale to compare an apple and a lemon.
2
Name: ________________________
ID: A
6. In terms of pH, explain what would happen if you mixed vinegar with a solution of ammonia. What type of
products would form?
7. The state of matter in which particles are arranged in the least organized manner is the
____________________ state.
8. A(n) ____________________ is a compound that turns red litmus paper blue and is often found in soaps and
detergents.
9. A(n) ____________________ is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds.
10. The fact that matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change is called the
______________________________.
Essay
1. Explain the difference between a mixture and a compound.
2. Explain how the motion of particles differs in gases, liquids, and solids.
3. Describe how to determine whether a substance is an element, compound, or mixture.
4. Explain what happens to the water molecules in an ice cube when it is removed from a freezer.
5. Is the melting of an ice cube considered a physical change or a chemical change? Explain your reasoning.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. In a water solution, how do acids differ from bases?
a. Acids turn litmus blue, while bases turn litmus red.
b. Hydrogen ions (H+) remain dissolved, but hydroxide ions (OH–) do not.
c. Acids form salts, but bases do not.
d. Acids form hydrogen ions (H+), while bases form hydroxide ions (OH–).
____
2. Which is a characteristic property of acids?
a. They turn red litmus paper blue.
b. They taste bitter.
____
____
c.
d.
They do not react with metals.
They turn blue litmus paper red.
3. Soil, a salad, and sugar water are all examples of
a. compounds.
c.
b. atoms.
d.
elements.
mixtures.
4. Neutralization is a reaction between a(n)
a. acid and a base.
b. salt and water.
base and a salt.
acid and a metal.
c.
d.
3
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____
5. An uncovered pot of soup is simmering on a stove, and there are water droplets on the wall above the back of
the stove. What sequence can you infer has occurred?
a. freezing, then thawing
c. condensation, then vaporization
b. melting, then boiling
d. vaporization, then condensation
____
6. Anything that has mass and takes up space is called
a. energy.
c. matter.
b. homogeneous.
d. heterogeneous.
____
7. Which state of matter undergoes changes in volume most easily?
a. gas
c. frozen
b. solid
d. liquid
____
8. H2O, CO2, and C12H22O11 are all examples of chemical
a. changes.
c. formulas.
b. bonds.
d. properties.
____
9. One example of a chemical change is
a. crushing a can.
b. boiling water.
c.
d.
filtering a mixture.
burning wood.
____ 10. What holds atoms together in a molecule?
a. chemical bonds
b. physical bonds
c.
d.
density
gravity
____ 11. One example of a physical change is
a. dissolving salt in water.
b. burning paper.
c.
d.
toasting marshmallows.
baking cookies.
4
ID: A
Unit 8: Matter, PS.2
Answer Section
Study Guide
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: F, freezing
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
BLM:
2. ANS:
REF:
TOP:
3. ANS:
0
DIF: L1
REF: k_02_039
Explain what happens to a substance during changes between solid and liquid.
PS.1j | PS.2a | PS.2c | PS.2d | PS.7d
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000425
knowledge
T
PTS: 0
DIF: L1
k_01_036
OBJ: Describe what makes up matter.
STA: PS.1a | PS.2a | PS.2b
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000554
BLM: knowledge
F, bitter
PTS:
STA:
BLM:
4. ANS:
0
DIF: L2
PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
comprehension
F, hydroxide ions (OH–)
PTS:
OBJ:
TOP:
5. ANS:
REF:
STA:
BLM:
6. ANS:
0
DIF: L1
REF: l_03_037
Identify the types of ions acids and bases form in water. STA: PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000465
BLM: knowledge
T
PTS: 0
DIF: L1
k_02_038
OBJ: Explain what happens to a substance during changes between liquid and gas.
PS.2a | PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2d | PS.7b
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000426
knowledge
F, chemical
PTS:
STA:
BLM:
7. ANS:
0
DIF:
PS.1k | PS.5b
knowledge
F, water and a salt
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
BLM:
8. ANS:
0
DIF: L2
REF: l_03_039
Describe what happens in a neutralization reaction.
PS.1m | PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
comprehension
F, more freely than
L1
REF: l_03_036
OBJ: Describe the properties of acids.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000463
REF: k_01_031
OBJ: Explain what a chemical change is.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000420
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000466
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_02_032
OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a liquid.
STA: PS.2a | PS.2c | PS.2f
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000423
BLM: comprehension
1
ID: A
9. ANS: F, physical
PTS:
STA:
BLM:
10. ANS:
REF:
STA:
BLM:
0
DIF: L1
REF: k_01_037
OBJ: Explain what a physical change is.
PS.2c | PS.5a
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000419
knowledge
T
PTS: 0
DIF: L1
k_01_033
OBJ: Identify the properties used to describe matter.
PS.1a | PS.2d | PS.2e | PS.2f
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000414
knowledge
SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
State B. The figure shows that the particles are arranged in a pattern of definite, fixed positions. They can
vibrate in place but not move around.
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_02_061
OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a solid.
STA: PS.2a | PS.2c | PS.2d | PS.2f
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000422
BLM: analysis
2. ANS:
State A. The particles are not in a fixed pattern as particles in a solid are; the particles can move around one
another, but they remain quite close together.
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_02_062
OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a liquid.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000423
BLM: analysis
3. ANS:
corrosive
PTS: 0
DIF: L1
STA: PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
BLM: knowledge
4. ANS:
physical
STA: PS.2a | PS.2c | PS.2f
REF: l_03_060
OBJ: Describe the properties of acids.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000463
PTS: 0
DIF: L1
REF: k_01_060
OBJ: Identify the properties used to describe matter.
STA: PS.1a | PS.2d | PS.2e | PS.2f
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000414
BLM: knowledge
5. ANS:
Lemons have a pH of about 2 and apples have a pH of about 3. A lemon is more acidic.
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: l_03_067
OBJ: Identify the types of ions acids and bases form in water.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000465
BLM: analysis
2
STA: PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
ID: A
6. ANS:
Vinegar is an acid and ammonia is a base, so a neutralization reaction would occur. The pH would be closer
to 7 than either the vinegar or ammonia alone. A salt and water would be produced.
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
BLM:
7. ANS:
gas
0
DIF: L3
REF: l_03_068
Describe what happens in a neutralization reaction.
PS.1m | PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
analysis
PTS:
OBJ:
STA:
BLM:
8. ANS:
base
0
DIF: L2
REF: m_06_053
Describe the motion of particles in a gas.
PS.1b | PS.1c | PS.2a | PS.2c | PS.2d | PS.2f
application
PTS: 0
DIF: L1
STA: PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
BLM: knowledge
9. ANS:
molecule
PTS: 0
DIF: L1
STA: PS.1a | PS.2a | PS.2b
BLM: knowledge
10. ANS:
law of conservation of mass
PTS: 0
DIF:
STA: PS.1k | PS.5b
BLM: knowledge
L1
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000466
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000424
REF: l_03_046
OBJ: Describe the properties of bases.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000464
REF: k_01_048
OBJ: Describe what makes up matter.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000554
REF: k_01_058
OBJ: Explain what a chemical change is.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000420
ESSAY
1. ANS:
A mixture consists of two or more substances that are mixed together but are not chemically combined. The
individual substances in a mixture keep their separate properties. A compound is a substance formed when
two or more elements combine chemically. The properties of a compound are different from those of the
elements that formed it.
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_01_074
OBJ: Describe the properties of a mixture.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000416
BLM: analysis
3
STA: PS.2b
ID: A
2. ANS:
In a gas, particles are spread far apart and they move in all directions at high speeds, filling all the space
available. In a liquid, particles are packed closely together but can move freely around one another. As a
result, a liquid can take on the shape of its container. In a solid, particles are packed tightly together; they can
vibrate in place but not move from their fixed positions.
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_02_078
OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a solid.
STA: PS.2a | PS.2c | PS.2d | PS.2f
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000422
BLM: analysis
3. ANS:
The atoms of any element are alike but are different from atoms of other elements. Coumpounds consist of 2
or mre elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio. Mixtures also consist of 2 or more substances,
bt the substances are not chemically combined.
PTS: 1
4. ANS:
In an ice cube, water molecules are arranged in a crystalline form. Inside the freezer, the ice cube is at a
temperature below 0°C. When it is removed from the freezer, the ice cube absorbs thermal energy from its
surroundings, mostly from the air in the room. At first, the added thermal energy causes the water molecules
to vibrate faster, raising their temperature. When the temperature of the water molecules reaches 0°C, the
melting point of water, the molecules vibrate so quickly that they break free from their fixed positions, and
the ice begins to melt.
PTS: 0
DIF: L3
REF: k_02_080
OBJ: Explain what happens to a substance during changes between solid and liquid.
STA: PS.1j | PS.2a | PS.2c | PS.2d | PS.7d
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000425
BLM: application
5. ANS:
The melting of an ice cube is considered a physical change. When an ice cube melts, it changes state from a
solid to a liquid, but its composition stays the same (H2O). Such a change in state is considered a physical
change since no new substance is formed.
PTS: 0
DIF:
STA: PS.2c | PS.5a
BLM: application
L2
REF: k_01_080
OBJ: Explain what a physical change is.
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000419
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
D
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: l_03_013
Identify the types of ions acids and bases form in water. STA: PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000465
BLM: comprehension
D
PTS: 0
DIF: L1
REF: l_03_010
Describe the properties of acids.
STA: PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000463
BLM: knowledge
D
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_01_029
Describe the properties of a mixture.
STA: PS.2b
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000416
BLM: comprehension
4
ID: A
4. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
BLM:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
BLM:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
STA:
BLM:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
TOP:
A
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: l_03_017
Describe what happens in a neutralization reaction.
PS.1m | PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2f | PS.5b
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000466
comprehension
D
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_02_018
Explain what happens to a substance during changes between liquid and gas.
PS.2a | PS.2b | PS.2c | PS.2d | PS.7b
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000426
application
C
PTS: 0
DIF: L1
REF: k_01_020
Identify the properties used to describe matter.
STA: PS.1a | PS.2d | PS.2e | PS.2f
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000414
BLM: knowledge
A
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_02_029
Describe the motion of particles in a gas.
PS.1b | PS.1c | PS.2a | PS.2c | PS.2d | PS.2f
TOP: PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000424
comprehension
C
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_01_028
Describe what makes up matter.
STA: PS.1a | PS.2a | PS.2b
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000554
BLM: comprehension
D
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_01_002
Explain what a chemical change is.
STA: PS.1k | PS.5b
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000420
BLM: application
A
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_01_016
Describe what makes up matter.
STA: PS.1a | PS.2a | PS.2b
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000554
BLM: comprehension
A
PTS: 0
DIF: L2
REF: k_01_001
Explain what a physical change is. STA: PS.2c | PS.5a
PH_EN_SC_MGS_0000419
BLM: application
5