Review:
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types of hormones
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glands and their hormones
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hormones of the pituitary gland
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negative and positive feedback loops
Oct 14­3:05 PM
Regulation of Blood Sugar
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this a negative feedback loop controlled by two antagonistic hormones
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insulin converts glucose into glycogen and lowers blood sugar
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glucagon converts stored glycogen into glucose causing an increase in blood sugar
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regulation of blood sugar follows a number of steps
Oct 14­3:06 PM
1
Step 1: Low levels of blood sugar stimulate the secretion of glucagon
Step 2: Increased glucagon causes stored glycogen in the liver to be converted into glucose for release into the blood stream
Step 3: As blood sugar levels rise the glucagon stops but high blood sugar levels result in the release of insulin
Step 4: Increased insulin levels cause the intake of glucose into muscle cells and convert excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver
Step 5: When blood sugar levels drop the cycle starts again.
Oct 14­3:08 PM
Insulin (pancreas)
High Blood Sugar
Normal Blood
Sugar
Low Blood
Sugar
Glucagon (pancreas)
Cortisol (pancreas)
Oct 14­3:13 PM
2
Disorders of the Pancreas
a. Type 1 Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus)
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known as juvenile or insulin dependent diabetes (occurs in people under 20)
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cause by lack of insulin production in the pancreas
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results in high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood
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symptoms include fatigue, thirst, frequent urination, possible blindness
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treatments include insulin injection (for life)
Oct 14­3:17 PM
b. Type 2 Diabetes (Adult onset diabetes)
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occurs in people over 40 years old
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insulin is produced by the pancreas but cells do not recognize it
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cells do not use the sugar found in the blood
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treatment includes a strict control of carbohydrate intake to reduce the amount of blood sugar in the blood
Oct 14­3:30 PM
3
Disorders of the Endocrine System
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see sheet provided
1. Dwarfism:
Oct 20­8:02 PM
2. Giantism:
Oct 21­7:52 AM
4
3. Hyperthyroidism:
Oct 21­7:54 AM
4. Hypothyroidism:
Oct 21­7:55 AM
5
5. Diabetes Mellitus:
Oct 21­7:57 AM
Readings
Pages 427 ­ 440
(Be sure to read section on Banting and Best on page 439)
Oct 14­3:34 PM
6
Review:
Text: pages 420 ­ 446
Questions:
pg. 447, #'s 2,5,6,8,9,10,11,17,20
pg.452, #'s 37,52,53
jeopardy1288971466
Oct 22­9:16 AM
7