Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
Chapter 9 Section 3: Political Parties Emerge
(pages 287-290)
In this section, we will:
• Explain why so many
Americans distrusted
the ideas of political
parties.
• Contrast the views of
Hamilton & Jefferson.
• Explain why political
parties developed.
• Describe how the
election of 1796
increased political
tensions.
Key vocabulary terms
• faction
• unconstitutional
• Democratic Republican
• Federalist
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Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
A Distrust of Political Parties
• Americans had reason to distrust political parties.
They had seen how factions, or opposing groups
within parties, worked in Britain.
• Americans had seen political parties as a threat
to national unity.
• Even George Washington had warned how parties
could lead to "jealousies and false alarms."
• despite these warnings, factions grew up around 2
men in Washington's Cabinet: Alexander Hamilton
& Thomas Jefferson.
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Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
• Hamilton and
Jefferson differed in
background, looks, and
personality.
• Hamilton worked his
way up from poverty
and dressed in the
finest clothes and
spoke forcefully and
eloquently.
• Jefferson was tall
and lanky; he dressed
and spoke informally.
• two different styles
that appealed to
different groups of
people.
Hamilton
Jefferson
Which personality do you
feel would have been more
preferable to Hoosick Falls
residents in 1790? Why?
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Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
Differing Views of Hamilton & Jefferson.
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Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
• Jefferson and Hamilton's differences were rooted in
their different views about what was best for the new
nation.
Jefferson
• felt that farmers
were the backbone of
the nation.
• wanted as small a
federal government as
possible in order to
protect individual
freedoms.
• feared the Bank of
the United States
would give too much
power to the wealthy
investors who ran it as
well as the government.
• claimed the law
setting up the bank
was unconstitutional,
or not permitted by
the constitution.
Hamilton
• Wanted the U.S. to model
itself on Britain's economy.
• felt the government should
encourage manufacturing &
trade.
• Wanted the federal
government to have more power
than state government.
• Hamilton argued the
Constitution gave Congress the
power to make all laws
"necessary and proper" to carry
out its duties.
• Hamilton argued the Bank of
the United States was
necessary for the government to
collect taxes and pay bills.
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Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
Development of Political Parties
• Hamilton and Jefferson initially argued in private. • As Congress began to pass many of Hamilton's programs, Jefferson & James Madison decided to organize supporters of their views. • In 1791, Jefferson asked Governor George Clinton and Aaron Burr of New York to help defeat Hamilton's programs by convincing New Yorkers to vote for Jefferson's supporters.
• soon, leaders in other states were organizing to support either Hamilton or Jefferson. • Jefferson's supporters called themselves Democratic Republicans, which is often shortened to Republicans. Later would grow into the modern Democratic Party. • This group consisted of small farmers, artisans and some wealthy planters. • Hamilton and his supporters were called Federalists because they wanted a strong federal government. • Federalist supporters were largely merchants and manufacturers in large eastern cities like Boston and New York. • Also had the backing of some southern planters. 6
Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
What ideas did each party
believe in?
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Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
Newspapers Take Sides
• the number of American newspapers doubled in the late 1700s. 8
Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
• This growth in newspapers
resulted from demands for
information by Americans.
• as party rivalries grew,
newspapers took sides in
their editorials.
• newspapers had a huge
impact on public opinion.
• coverage by newspapers
added to the growth of
political parties.
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Chapter 9 Section 3 Smart Lecture: Political Parties Emerge
Election of 1796
Adams
Jefferson
• political parties played a large role in the election of 1796.
• Republicans backed Thomas Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr
for Vice-President.
• Federalists supported John Adams for President and Thomas
Pinckney for Vice-President.
• Let's read about how the election of 1796 further increased political
tensions on page 290.
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