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Chapter 10 and 11 Topic Question Set
Section 10.1
1. Define an earthquake:
2. Identify three causes of an earthquake.
3. How many earthquakes occur each year? How many of them are strong enough to be noticed by
anything other then scientific equipment?
4. What is a Fault? Where are most faults located?
5. What causes the stress or energy that builds up and eventually releases, causing an earthquake?
6. The point on a fault where a “break” occurs, releasing built-up energy is called the ______ of an
earthquake.
7. The point on the surface or the earthy directly above the focus of an earthquake is called the
_______.
8. Which of your above two answers do most non-scientists want to know about? Why?
9. Energy released from earthquakes move from one point to another as ________.
10. In which direction does the energy travel relative to the focus/epicenter?
11. If you threw a rock into a pond, what would you see after the rock hit the water?
12. How is this similar to an earthquake wave?
13. Are all earthquake waves the same?
14. The two types of body waves are ____ and ____ waves.
15. Which type of waves compress the ground in front of it and stretches it out behind the wave?
16. What would a P wave do to a wall if the wall was in a east-west line and the earthquake waves
originates west of the wall?
17. Which earthquake wave resembles the motion of a snake?
18. What would an S wave do to the same wall in the situation mentioned above?
19. Which wave travels faster?
Section 10.2
20. An instrument that detects the passing of earthquake waves beneath it is called ___________.
21. The “data sheet” produced by a seismograph is called a ______________.
22. If a P wave travels through the ground twice as fast as a S wave, and it takes P wave 10 seconds
to travel from the earthquake epicenter to where you are standing, how long would it take S wave
to arrive?
23. Based on what you have learned from the above question, if a P wave travels 10 miles per
second and an S wave travels 5 miles per second, and the difference in arrival time between the S
and P wave of an earthquake is two seconds, how far away was the earthquake from you?
24. Could seismologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake by using just one seismograph?
25. How many seismograph does it take to locate the epicenter?
26. The “strength” of an earthquake is called the earthquakes ____________.
27. ( True/ False) An earthquake of magnitude 2 is twice as “strong” as an earthquake of magnitude
1.
28. The scale used to illustrate the damage caused by an earthquake is called the ___________
Scale.
Section 10.3
29. What is “liquifaction”?
30. What would happen to your house if the ground below it liquefied due to seismic wave?
31. A large wave caused by seismic waves on the ocean floor is called a __________________.
32. Based on the map on page 225, identify two states with the highest risk of earthquakes.
33. A place along the San Andreas Fault that has not experienced earthquakes in a significant
amount of time, and that is located between two parts of the fault that are seismically active is called
a ___________________.
Section 11.1
34. Most mountain ranges occur as a result of what process?
35. Define “Continental Margin”:
36. (True/False) Continental plates contain both continental and oceanic crust.
37. Mountain building takes place along continental margins that are ________ (active b. passive)
38. Identify two things that are evidence of an active continental margin.
39. The east coast on North America would e considered to be a/an ___________ continental
margin. The west coast of South America would be considered to be a/an ___________ continental
margin.
Section 11.2
40. What forces acts upon rocks along plate boundaries?
41. Define Compression, Tension and Shear: ( on the back)
42. The Appalachian Mountains were formed by what type of stress?
43 What type of stress would be occurring along a diverging plate boundary?
44. What type of stress is occurring along the San Andres Fault?
45. Considering the type of mountain range the Shenandoah Mountains are in, what type of fold do
you think the Shenandoah valley is?
46. Five examples of folded mountain ranges are: (yes, this is in 11.3; saving paper!)