Florida Cause of Leak Study
Background Info – Florida’s Tanks Program
2005
Single-wall USTs
60%
ASTs with
Secondary Containment
80%
18,040
16,286
ASTs
USTs
3,954
11,937
Source - STCM, Feb 05
Double-wall USTs - 40%
Single-wall ASTs - 20%
Total Facility Inspections Performed
in Florida
Source: STCM, Feb 05
35000
30000
25000
20000
Inspections
15000
10000
5000
0
'84
'86
'88
'90
'92
'94
'96
'98
'00
'02
'04
436,121 Total Inspections Performed
Petroleum Discharge Report Forms Received
Discharges
Source: STCM, Feb 05
7000
6303
6000
5000
4000
3467
3385
3000
2341
2330
2000
1834
1775
1374
1000
0
1010
326
141
4 18 19 53
1298
1206 1271
987
881
597504537615564
'80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
32,769 Total Discharge Report Forms Received
23
Post-1998 Petroleum Discharge Report
Forms Received
Source: STCM, Feb 05
Discharges
1400
1271
1200
1000
881
800
597
600
504
537
615
564
400
200
23
0
'98
'99
'00
'01
'02
'03
'04
4992 Post-1998 Discharge Report Forms Received
'05
Summary - Florida Cause of Leak Study
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Florida Identified Reported Releases (1995-2002)
Florida Contracted with County Inspectors to Review
Release Sites and Document Information
Completed Forms Sent to EPA for Data Entry & Analysis
Various Quality Control Steps
Current Status - EPA Report is ready for Peer Review
Methodology
Invalid Files Include:
•Releases from Bare Steel UST Systems
•Release From Non-Compliant Component
•Release of Old UST/AST Found at Closure
•Unknown Sources
Size of Study
ƒ 2280 Release Files Reviewed
ƒ 642 Valid Release Files
ƒ 512 UST Releases
ƒ 130 AST Releases
AST Results
Sources of Releases
Other
16%
Dispenser
12%
Tank
5%
Delivery
32%
Piping
35%
Other Sources Include: Fuel Filters, Outlet Valve,
and Human Spilling
Causes of Releases
Other
16%
Phys/Mech
Damage
19%
Loose
Unknown Component
8%
12%
Corrosion
9%
Spill/Overfill
36%
Other Causes Include: Vandalism, Valve Failure,
Contractor Accident, Other Human Error
Causes of Piping Release
Phys/Mech
Damage
29%
Corrosion
26%
Puncture
2%
Other
9%
Unknown
13%
Loose
Component
21%
Method of Detection
Closure/
Removal
8%
Other
2%
Leak
Detection
22%
Visual/
Olfactory
68%
Success of Leak Detection
LD Detected
22%
LD Failed
8%
LD Unable, or
Unknow n
70%
LD Unable, or Unknown: Either the release came from a part of
the system that a LD system was not designed to detect, or the
inspector could not determine whether LD failed to detect.
Overfills
and
Piping
UST Results
Sources of Releases - USTs
Turbine P ump
10%
Other
11%
Dispenser
25%
Tank
12%
Spill/Overfill in
Fill A rea
19%
P iping
23%
- Tank Usage Versus Releases 70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
% releases
er
th
O
lad
C
as
rg
l
Fi
be
St
ee
s
l
% usage
Clad Tanks Had Relatively Fewer Releases
- Causes of Tank Releases Other
13%
Unknown
14%
Phys/Mech
Damage
22%
Loose
Component
8%Corrosion
16%
Puncture
27%
Primary Cause of Steel Tank Release – Corrosion
Primary Cause of Fiberglass Tank Release - Puncture
- Piping Usage Versus Releases 80
60
% release
40
%usage
20
0
Steel
Fiberglass
Flexible
Plastic
Further Analysis Required to Determine Statistical Significance
- Causes of Piping Releases Corrosion
Puncture 7%
15%
Other
16%
Unknown
20%
Phys/Mech
Damage
22%
Loose
Component
20%
•Primary Cause of Steel Piping Release – Corrosion
•Primary Cause of Fiberglass Piping Release – Loose Component
•Primary Cause of Flexible Plastic Piping – Phys/Mech Damage
Summary of Causes - USTs
Other
16%
Unknown
17%
Phys/Mech
Damage
13%
Overfill
12%
Loose
Component
18%
Corrosion
4%
Puncture
8%
Spill
12%
Other Releases Include: Delivery to Monitoring Well,
Vehicle Accident, Improper Installation, Vandalism
- Success of Leak Detection LD Detected
25%
LD Unable, or
Unknown
50%
LD Failed
25%
LD Unable, or Unknown: Either the release came from a part of
the system that a LD system was not designed to detect, or the
inspector could not determine whether LD failed to detect.
- Method of Detection % of Detections
40
30
20
10
Visual/
Olfactory
Leak
Detection
Closure/
Removal
Compliance
Inspector
Other
0
Other Methods Include: Unscheduled TTT/LTT, Dispenser
Upgrades, Maintenance Inspections, Water in Tank
Piping,
Dispensers
& Spill Buckets
Florida Leak Autopsy Study
•Field-verified, Quality assurance
•County Tanks Inspectors Complete Forms
•Continuation of Florida Cause of Leak Study
•Data compared to Forms submitted by tank owners
Material
Other Attributes
Ancillary Equipment
Galvanized Steel
Sacrificial Anodes
Spill Containment
Bucket
Fiberglass
Impressed Current System
No Spill Containment
Composite
Internal Lining
Overfill Protection
Unprotected Steel
Single Wall
Ball Check Valve
Other Approved
Double Wall (same material)
Flow Shut-Off
Concrete
Double Wall (different material)
Tight Fill
Polyethylene
Secondary Containment with a
liner
Alarm System
Unknown
Other Approved (Tank Bladders, etc.)
Remote Fill
Other (Specify)
Compartmented
No Overfill Protection
External Liner
Other (Specify)
Florida Leak Autopsy Study
Four Page Form
Florida Leak Autopsy Forms 1 Jan 03 – 1 Mar 05
Valid AST
Discharges
30%
Invalid AST Forms
2%
•859 Forms
Forms under
investigation
1%
Valid UST
Discharges
34%
Invalid UST
Forms
33%
UST Sources
Dispenser &
Piping Sumps
1%
Dispensers
16%
Line Leak
Detectors
2%
Overfills Submersible
Turbine
5%
Pumps
4%
Piping
18%
Spill Buckets
31%
305 Valid Forms
Fill Pipes
3%
Tanks
10%
Flex
connectors &
Swing joints
4%
Vehicles,
Vapor
recovery, vent
lines,
vandalism and
shear valves
6%
Tanks – 10%
Double-wall tanks – 2%
Single-Wall
Fiberglass Tanks
14
2
Single-Wall
Internally Lined
Tanks
5
1
Single-Wall
Composite Tanks
5
1
2
Unknown
Double-Wall
Fiberglass Tanks Double-Wall
Composite Tanks
Single-Wall
Protected Steel
Tanks
Piping – 18%
Double-wall piping –9%
Double-Wall
Fiberglass Piping
4
15
Single-Wall
10 Protected
Steel Piping
24
Double-Wall
Thermoplastic
Flexible Piping
Single-Wall
Fiberglass
Piping
3
Other Single-Wall
Pipe – (Copper)
Sources - >2003
Piping
22%
Overfills/Spills/
Spill Buckets
39%
Dispensers
18%
Submersible
Turbine Pumps
4%
Other
13%
Tanks
10%
Sources - <2003
Dispensers
25%
Piping
23%
Submersible
Turbine Pumps
10%
Other
11%
Tanks
12%
Overfills/Spills/
Spill Buckets
19%
Combined Data
Piping
23%
Dispensers
21 %
Submersible
Turbine Pumps
8%
Other
10%
Tanks
11%
827 Valid UST Forms
Overfills/Spills/
Spill Buckets
26%
Mark Barolo
EPA, Office of Underground Storage Tanks
703/603-7141
[email protected]
www.epa.gov/oust./
Marshall T. Mott-Smith
Bureau of Petroleum Storage Systems
(Phone) 850/245-8842
[email protected]
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/tanks/default.htm
Florida Department of Environmental Protection