8. Sea star,
urchins
Cladogram: a phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly, suggesting a
Classification of organisms based on the sequence in which evolutionary
branches arise.
9. lancelet
Apomorphy: A derived or specialized characteristic or trait.
Autoapomorphy: a specialized trait unique for that phylum.
6. Earthworm
7. Crabs,
Insects,
spiders
Chordata
Vertebrata
4. roundworm
Echinodermata
5. Snail,
Clam, octopus
2. Anemone
and jellyfish and
coral
aquatic
Arthropoda
radial
symmetry
Annelida
1. sponges
Deuterostome, Endoskeleton
(anus forms first, mouth second)
Exoskeleton
Mollusk
3. flatworm
Notochord
Dorsal nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Postanal tail
jointed appendages
Hydroskeleton
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Mantle
Radulla
Segmented body plan
blood, heart, coelom (true body cavity)
pseudocoelom
Cnidaria
Scolex,
Proglottids
Porifera
Nematocysts
Choanocytes
Protostome (mouth forms first hole, First Phylum to have an Anus is second hole),
body cavity (pseudocoelom)
Mesoderm, Cephalization, eyes, bilateral symmetry,
internal organs.
First Mouth, Gut, Extracellular digestion, Endoderm and Ectoderm,
Nervous system and muscles.
First Multicellular, specialization of cells
Synapomorphy: An apomorphy (derived or specialized character)
shared by two or more groups which originated in their last common ancestor.
Unicellular
Protista in the Primordial soup
http://www.palaeos.com/systematics/Cladistics/