CHAPTER 1: MATTER AND
CHANGE
Chemistry 1-2
Mr. Chumbley
As I take attendance, go through
your notebook. Update the Table
of Contents, and number any of
the unused reference pages with
Roman numerals.
SECTION 1: CHEMISTRY IS A
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
EQ: How is chemistry studied and used?
WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

For most of human history, the natural sciences
were divided into two broad categories:
Biological Sciences
 Physical Sciences
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However, those divisions began to break down as
knowledge increased
Chemistry is the study of the composition,
structure, and properties of matter, the processes
that matter undergoes, and the energy changes
that accompany these processes
BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
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As the understanding of matter and its processes
increased, different branches of chemistry arose
to better describe specific types of chemicals and
processes
Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Theoretical Chemistry
A chemical is any substance that has a definite
composition
CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS
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Basic chemical research is conducted for the
purpose of expanding knowledge
Applied chemical research is conducted for the
purpose of solving a specific problem
Technological development involves the
production and use of products to improve the
quality of life
HOMEWORK!


Review your notes from today. Use the Cornell
Note-Taking Revision Checklist to go back over
your notes.
On the Left Side respond to the following
question:

What is one situation in which chemistry has been
used to solve a problem (big or small) in my life?
SECTION 2: MATTER AND ITS
PROPERTIES
EQ: How can matter be described?
WHAT IS MATTER?


It is much easier to identify that things are made up
of matter than it is to define matter
By looking at the same properties for all matter there
are two universal commonalities:
Things made of matter take up space (have volume)
 Things made of matter have mass
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Mass is a measure of the amount of matter
Using these universal characteristics we can define
matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
ATOMS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF
MATTER
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While matter exists in many
different forms, the most
fundamental form is the atom
An atom is the smallest unit
of an element that maintains
the chemical identity of that
element
An element is a pure
substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler,
stable substances and is
made of one type of atom
ATOMS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF
MATTER
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When atoms of different elements chemically
combine, molecules of a compound are formed
A compound is a substance that can be broken
down into simple stable substances, but is made
from the atoms of two or more elements that are
chemically bonded
The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule
HOMEWORK

Review your notes from today. Use the Cornell
Note-Taking Revision Checklist to go back over
your notes.
As I take attendance, go through
your notebook. Update the Table
of Contents, and number any of
the unused reference pages with
Roman numerals.
SECTION 2: MATTER AND ITS
PROPERTIES
EQ: What characteristic properties of matter can
be identified?
ALL SUBSTANCES HAVE CHARACTERISTIC
PROPERTIES
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The specific characteristics of a substance, either
element or compound, are considered its
properties
Properties can be used to identify individual
substances, or an entire group of substances
Properties can be one of two types
Physical Properties
 Chemical Properties

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Properties of substances are often used as
identifying characteristics
Physical properties are characteristics that can
be observed or measured without changing the
identity of the substance
Examples:
mass
color
shape
density
volume
texture
boiling point
melting point
conductivity
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
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In any situation where a substance could change
its identity, chemical properties can be observed
Chemical properties relate to a substances
ability to undergo changes that transform it into
a different substance
Examples:
reactivity
chemical
stability
flammability
toxicity
combustibility
radioactivity
PHYSICAL CHANGES
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The physical properties of a substance can
change, even if the substance does not
A physical change is a change in a substance
that does not involve a change in the identity of
the substance
Examples:
cutting
grinding
polishing
boiling
melting
dissolving
STATES OF MATTER
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Matter exists in states of matter that are
physical properties
When a substance undergoes a change of state,
it is a physical change from one state to another
While the substance has some new and different
physical properties, the chemical identity has not
changed
STATES OF MATTER
State of
Matter
Definite
Shape
Definite
Volume
Solid
Yes
Yes
Liquid
No
Yes
Gas
No
No
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As a substance changes
from solid to liquid to
gas, the atoms or
molecules become less
organized and have
increasing ability to
move away from each
other
A fourth state of matter,
plasma, is a hightemperature physical
state of matter in which
atoms lose most of their
electrons
CHEMICAL CHANGES
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A chemical change (or chemical reaction) is a
change in which one or more substances are
converted into different substances
The reactants are the substances that react in a
chemical change
The products are the substances that are formed
by the chemical change
SIGNS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE
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Production of an odor
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Change in temperature
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Change in color
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Formation of bubbles (gas)
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Formation of a precipitate (solid)
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Emission of light
ENERGY AND CHANGES IN MATTER
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In both physical and chemical changes, energy is
involved
Many different types of energy can be involved
The law of conservation of energy says that
energy can be absorbed or released, but it is
never created nor destroyed
HOMEWORK

Review your notes from today. Use the Cornell
Note-Taking Revision Checklist to go back over
your notes.
FOLD-IT 4

Create a Fold-It 4 using the following 4 terms:
Physical Property
 Chemical Property
 Physical Change
 Chemical Change


Take out your unfinished Fold-It from Friday.
Complete the last 2 flaps.
SECTION 2: MATTER AND ITS
PROPERTIES
EQ: How can different substances be classified?
MATTER CAN BE A PURE SUBSTANCE OR A
MIXTURE
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The variety of forms in which matter can exist is
enormous
Two major classifications of matter are whether
or not it is a pure substance or a mixture
Regardless of whether a sample is a pure
substance or a mixture, it can be described and
classified in terms of its properties
PURE SUBSTANCES
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A pure substance is any form of matter that has
a fixed, or definite, composition
Pure substances have two defining
characteristics:
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Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly
the same characteristic properties.

Every sample of a pure substance has exactly the
same composition.
MIXTURES
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A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of
matter each of which retains its own identity and
properties
Another way of describing a mixture is that the
matter combines physically, but not chemically
Since mixtures do not have a defined
composition, the amount of different substances
within a sample of a mixture must be specified
MIXTURES
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Mixtures can be described by the uniformity of
their composition
Homogeneous mixtures (or solutions) are
mixtures that are uniform in composition
Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures that are
not uniform in composition
MIXTURES
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One of the most important characteristics of a
mixture is that it can be physically separated
Examples of physical separation:
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Filtration
Vaporization
Settling
Centrifuge separation
Chromatography
LABORATORY CHEMICALS AND PURITY
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Typically, we treat chemicals used in the
laboratory as if they were pure
Chemicals do have impurity, and depending on
the standards and grade desired or used
The level of purity is important to know since the
level of impurities can affect results
HOMEWORK

Review your notes from today. Use the Cornell
Note-Taking Revision Checklist to go back over
your notes.