Semester 2, 4.5 #2 Study Guide
Parts of Speech - Define the following parts of and give examples. Underline the given part of speech in each
example sentence.
1. Preposition: shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
a. Example sentence: The cat jumped over the fence.
b. Example sentence: We will drive under the bridge.
Conjunction: connects two sentences or two things in a sentence.
a. Example sentence: I will sweep, but I will not mop.
b. Example sentence: I love peanut butter and fluff sandwiches.
Verb: action or state of being
a. Example sentence: I drank all of my Dr. Pepper.
b. Example sentence: Sallie is exhausted.
Noun: person, place, thing, or idea
a. Example sentence using a PROPER NOUN: We live in Social Circle, Georgia.
b. Example sentence using a COMMON NOUN: The desks are arranged in rows.
Adjective: describes a noun or pronoun
a. Example sentence: Your red jacket is hanging by the door.
b. Example sentence: The full moon shines bright tonight.
Interjection: expresses feeling/emotion
a. Example sentence: Ouch! A bee stung me!
b. Example sentence: Wow, you sure are in a great mood today!
Adverb: describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb
a. Example sentence: The fox ran swiftly through the snow.
b. Example sentence: The twins are quite pretty.
Pronoun: replaces a noun in a sentence
a. Subject pronoun: is the subject (he, she, they, etc.)
i. Example sentence: He will go to town for groceries.
b. Object pronoun: is the object (them, us, etc.)
i. Example sentence: I want to go to the beach with them.
c. Possessive pronoun: shows ownership (my, mine, ours, etc.)
i. Example sentence: My pencil is broken.
d. Reflexive pronoun: refers back to the subject; ends in -self or –selves; after the verb (myself,
herself, etc.)
i. Example sentence: I will wash the clothes myself.
e. Intensive pronoun: shows emphasis; ends in –self or –selves; before the verb (myself,
themselves, himself, etc.)
i. Example sentence: Dr. Nichols herself made the announcement.
f. Demonstrative pronoun: this, that, these, those
i. Example sentence: This marker has run dry!
g. Interrogative pronoun: begins a question (who, whom, whose, which, what)
i. Example sentence: Which movie shall we watch?
h. Indefinite pronoun: non-specific (anyone, somebody, each, both, etc.)
i. Example sentence: Will somebody help me carry these boxes in?
Define each type of sentence.
9. Simple: one independent clause (We need milk, eggs, and bread.)
10. Compound: two independent clauses joined by a FANBOYS conjunction or a semi-colon (We need milk,
eggs, and bread, so we will go to the store.)
11. Complex: one independent clause, one dependent clause (Because we need milk, eggs, and bread, we
will go to the store.)
12. Compound/Complex: two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses (Because we need
milk, eggs, and bread, we will go to the store, but we can only go after we stop for gas.)
Identify each of the following sentences as SIMPLE (S), COMPOUND (CP), OR COMPLEX (CX).
13. CP - My dad and I like tacos, and we’re making them for dinner.
14. S - Some trees and shrubs live thousands of years.
15. CP - It rained, but we marched in the parade anyway.
16. S - Janet read the book Stuart Little and reported on it in class last Friday.
17. CX - I wrote Jane a letter while she was way at camp.
18. CX - When Uncle Jack comes to town, we all have a good time.
19. S - How many states can you see from Lookout Mountain?
Identify the following sentences as RUN-ON (RO), FRAGMENT (F), or CORRECT (C).
20. RO - Professor Smith is the lead teacher, Professor Brown is his assistant.
21. F - When we were camping.
22. C - While Dad was at work, we went to the grocery store.
23. RO - Janet loves blue cars and all of her cars been blue.
24. RO - There is no way I can fail this test, I studied for hours!
25. C - Freddie is the manager; Shawn is the assistant manager.
Correct the capitalization and/or punctuation errors in the following sentences.
26. The printer’s capacity has diminished since we bought it.
27. Jill asked, “Who will show us the way out?”
28. I mailed the package to 455 West Spring Street in Naples, Florida.
29. Sherry’s new motorcycle is nice and shiny!
30. The computer’s screen was cracked.
31. The mailman’s route goes through Atlanta, Georgia.
32. Bob’s shirt is on backwards, and he has not noticed all day!
33. In our class, we are learning about parts of speech, capitalization, and punctuation.
34. “Mom brought home pizza for dinner,” Jack said.
Define the following terms:
35. Plot: the sequence of events in a story
36. Theme: the lesson/moral of the story
37. Setting: time and place of a story
st
nd
rd
38. Point of View: the viewpoint from which the story was written (1 , 2 , 3 person)
Read the passages and answer the questions below.
A CROW perishing with thirst saw a pitcher, and hoping to find water, flew to it with delight. When he reached it, he
discovered to his grief that it contained so little water that he could not possibly get at it. He tried everything he could
think of to reach the water, but all his efforts were in vain. At last he collected as many stones as he could carry and
dropped them one by one with his beak into the pitcher, until he brought the water within his reach and thus saved his
life.
39. What is the theme in the passage above?
a. If at first you don't succeed, try, and try again.
b. Nobody is perfect.
c. You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink.
d. Physical activity will help you when you least expect it.
Scrabble is a game that provides hours of challenging fun for you and your friends. In this game you use your letters to
build new words from words already on the game board. Scrabble is a fun way to learn new words and meanings.
40. What is the main idea of the passage?
a. Scrabble is challenging and fun.
b. Scrabble is a good game for building vocabulary.
c. It takes skill to play a good game.
d. Scrabble can take hours to play.
Native Americans dried strips of meat, pounded it into a paste, and then mixed it with fat. Sometimes they added
berries and sugar. Then they pressed it into small cakes. They called these cakes pemmican. Pemmican didn't spoil, and
it provided lots of energy for people traveling or going hunting. Today explorers still carry and eat this food.
41. This passage is mainly about...
a. who uses pemmican today.
b. what can be put into pemmican.
c. how pemmican was prepared by Native Americans.
d. why people eat pemmican today.
Consider how many activities you do outside of school. Remember that school needs to be a priority. It's great to do
extra things--as long as they don't rob you of needed energy for learning. If you feel like you are too busy, ask your
parents if you can cut down to one or two favorite things. You may try one activity one semester (i.e. being in a play) and
something different the next (playing a sport). We often feel we have to do everything at once at once, and that can
wear us out!
42. The main idea in this passage is:
a.
People often feel as if they are too busy.
b.
The author suggests trying activities at different times.
c.
We should try to do as much as we can at once.
d.
School should be a priority.
Author’s Purpose (Identify and explain each.)
43. P: to persuade
44. I: to inform
45. E: to entertain
Underline the topic sentence of each short passage.
46. There were three reasons why I did not enjoy the school trip. Firstly, the journey to our hotel was long, hot and
boring. Secondly, we spent all our time in museums doing boring worksheets. And thirdly, we had to go to bed
really early.
47. The best holiday that I ever had was when I was 8 years old. My family drove into the Scottish mountains in a
rented caravan, and we spent the whole time walking in the wonderful nature in that part of the world. We
were very lucky with the weather.
48. The school could do much more to protect the environment. I don't understand, for example, why we cannot
use metal cutlery instead of plastic ones that just get thrown away after the meal. We could also have different
trashcans to recycle paper and cola cans. We could also limit the number of copies that teachers and students
are allowed to make on the photocopier machine.
49. If you want to live a long and healthy life, you have to get into good habits when you are young. It is important
to get some fresh air and exercise every day. Furthermore, it is essential that you give your body the right
nutrition like fruit and vegetables. Too much junk food is certainly not advisable. Of course, it is vital also not to
start addictive habits such as smoking or the taking of other drugs.
Fact (F) or Opinion (O)?
50. O - Purple is the prettiest color.
51. O - Michael Jordan is the best basketball player to ever live.
52. F - There are 50 states in the United States.