General College Physics II (PHY 104)
Equation Sheet
|qQ|
r2
~ = qE
~
F
qQ
r
pe = qV
Q
V =k
r
F =k
pe = k
|Q|
r2
|σ|
E=
= 2πk |σ|
20
E=k
∆V = Ed
A
C = 0
d
V = −2πkσ |x|
Q = C∆V
1
1
1 Q2
pe = Q∆V = C(∆V )2 =
2
2
2C
P = IV = I 2 R =
V = IR
R=
I0
Irms = √
2
V2
R
ρL
A
V0
Vrms = √
2
R1 R2
Req =
R1 + R2
Req = R1 + R2
µ0 I1 I2
l
2π d
µ0 I
B=
2πr
F = |q| vB sin θ
F =
B = µ0 N I/l
F = IlB sin θ
∆ΦB
E = −N
∆t
E = N BωA sin ωt
ΦB = BA cos θ
ΦB = BA cos ωt
1
r
2
hi
di
m=
=−
ho
do
n2
sin θC =
n1
c
v
1
1
1
+ =
do di
f
f=
n=
n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2
Conventions:
• The focal length f is positive for concave mirrors and converging lenses,
and negative for convex mirrors and diverging lenses.
• For a single-lens or single-mirror system, we choose do > 0.
• A real image has di > 0, while a virtual image has di < 0.
• An upright image has hi > 0, while an inverted image has hi < 0.
λ
n
d sin θ
#λs =
λ
λn =
λ
D
2tn
1/2
1/2
#λs =
+
+
0
0
λ0
sin θ =
E = hf
En = −(13.6 eV)
p=
hf
h
E
=
=
c
c
λ
Z2
n2
N = N0 e−λt
T1 =
2
2
ln 2
λ
Electron mass
Proton mass
Neutron mass
Atomic mass unit (1 u)
Proton charge
Electrical constant
Permittivity of free space
Permeability of free space
Gravitational constant
Planck’s constant
Speed of light in vacuun
9.11 × 10−31 kg
1.6726 × 10−27 kg
1.6749 × 10−27 kg
−27
1.6605 × 10
kg = 931.5 MeV/c2
1.602 × 10−19 C
k = 8.988 × 109 N·m2 /C2
0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 /N·m2
µ0 = 4π × 10−7 T·m/A
G = 6.67 × 10−11 N·m2 /kg2
h = 6.63 × 10−34 J·s
c = 3.00 × 108 m/s
1 eV = 1.602 × 10−19 J
Material
Resistivity, ρ
Silver
1.59 × 10−8 Ω·m
Copper
1.68 × 10−8 Ω·m
Gold
2.44 × 10−8 Ω·m
Tungsten 5.6 × 10−8 Ω·m
Medium
Vacuum
Air (at STP)
Water
Lucite
Crown glass
Index of refraction, n
1.0000
1.0003
1.33
1.51
1.52
3
From Giancoli 7th, Appendix B
Atomic
Mass
Number
Number
Atomic
Z Element
Symbol
A
Mass†
0 (Neutron) n
1
1.008665
1 Hydrogen H
1
1.007825
proton
p
1
1.007276
Deuterium 21 H
2
2.014102
3
Tritium
3
3.016049
1H
2 Helium
He
3
3.016029
4
4.002603
6 Carbon
C
11 11.011434
12 12.000000
13 13.003355
14 14.003242
82 Lead
Pb
206 205.974466
207 206.975897
208 207.976652
210 209.984189
211 210.988737
212 211.991898
214 213.999806
84 Polonium Po
210 209.982874
214 213.995202
85 Astatine
At
218 218.008695
†
Masses given are those for the neutral atom, including
(except for the proton).
4
Half-life
(if radioactive)
10.183 min
12.32 yr
20.334 min
5730 yr
22.20 yr
36.1 min
10.64 h
26.8 min
138.376 days
164.3 µs
1.5 s
the Z electrons