Mission
Our Mission is “to strive for the wholehearted satisfaction
and enrichment of the lives of people globally” through
the Company’s core domain of value added chemicals.
Fully committed to this mission, all members of the Kao
Group work together with passion to provide products of
excellent value created from the customer’s perspective.
In so doing, we “share joy with the customer”.
®
AKYPO
Vision
We aim to be “a global group of companies that is closest
to the customer in each market”, earning the respect and
trust of all stakeholders and contributing towards the
sustainable development of society.
Trademark
Kao Chemicals Europe
Chemical Description
Appearance (20ºC)
Active Matter (%)
www.kaochemicals-eu.com
Kao Corporation, S.A.
Puig dels Tudons, 10
E-08210 Barberà del Vallès
(Barcelona) Spain
Tel: +34 93 7399-300
Fax:+34 93 7399-377
e-mail:[email protected]
Kao Chemicals GmbH
Kupferstrasse 1
D-46446 Emmerich, Germany
Tel: +49(0)2822 711-0
Fax:+49(0)2822 711-201
e-mail:[email protected]
Our Chemicals, Your Business
The technology of KAO’s surfactants at your service
®
AKYPO Range
R
O
O
OH
AKYPO® LM-40
n
- Open Plant Cleaning application
O
INTRODUCTION
Kao Chemicals Europe commercializes a wide range of anionic
surfactants under the product name AKYPO®, which are
multifunctional additives recommended especially for
professional and industrial cleaning products and also for
household detergents.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Product
R
n
AKYPO® LF 1
C8
5
AKYPO® LF 2
C8
8
AKYPO® LF 4
C6 / C8
3+8
The AKYPO® products are alkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids (ECAs)
AKYPO® LF 6
C4 / C8
1+8
or their salts, with variable alkyl chain length (R) and various
AKYPO® RLM 25
C12 / C14
2.5
degrees of ethoxylation (n). In terms of alkyl chain length, the
AKYPO® products can be divided into two main categories, the
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
C12 / C14
4.5
AKYPO® LF and AKYPO® RLM ranges, each with its
AKYPO® RLM 100
C12 / C14
10
characteristic application properties. The variable ethoxylation
degree also affects these properties. AKYPO® LF types, whose
AKYPO® GENE KTS
ECA + polymer
alkyl chain length ranges from C4 to C8, are low foaming
AKYPO® LM-40
Optimized ECA
surfactants with high dispersing and hydrotropic abilities.
AKYPO® RLM products are based on a C12-C14 alkyl chain and
their degree of ethoxylation ranges from 2.5 to 10 EO. They are
characterized by good foaming behavior at different pHs. Both categories exhibit outstanding stability under strong pH conditions,
and allow the formulation of cleaners with a high electrolyte and builder content.
In addition to the aforementioned products, the AKYPO® range includes two “specialty” surfactants: AKYPO® GENE KTS, an
optimized blend of an ECA and a polymer, which exhibits superior performance for carpet cleaners, and AKYPO® LM-40, specially
designed as an excellent foaming agent for Open Plant Cleaners (OPC).
AKYPO® LM-40 is a brand-new ether carboxylate surfactant specially designed for use in Open Plant Cleaning processes, mainly in
the Food and Beverage industry (Patent filed).
MAIN PROPERTIES
-
PHYSICAL DATA
Outstanding foam retention
Mild profile
Creamy and stable foam
Good eco-toxicity
Stable in extreme conditions
Concentrated and solvent-free
Application time
Formulations are diluted with
water before being introduced in
to the appropriate foaming device.
FOAMABILITY
Comparison of foam levels using Ross-Miles method
1g am/L ; RT; neutral pH
Foaming ability and foam control are extremely important
properties to be considered in a cleaning formulation.
pH Value (1%)
2.0 – 3.5
Viscosity (20ºC)
100 - 500 cPs
0’
4’
0’
1’
Standard
Anionic
Surfactant
Product is applied at a dilution of 1-10% and left to act for some time.
AKYPO® LM-40 shows excellent performance in alkaline formulations combined with amphoteric surfactants such as:
•
•
•
200
mL foam
150
Alkyl Dimethyl Amine Oxides (OXIDET® DMCLD, OXIDET® DM-20, OXIDET® DM-4)
Betaines (BETADET® HR, BETADET® HR 50-K)
Sultaines (BETADET® SHR, BETADET® S-20)
Product
100
50
0
5 sec
AKYPO® LF Range
AKYPO® RLM Range
5 min
EO/PO Surfactant
SLES
SLES: Sodium Laureth Sulfate
2
Clear, colorless to pale
yellowish liquid
RECOMMENDED USE
Foam Behavior
The brand name AKYPO® LF stands for “Low Foaming” ECAs.
Their foaming behavior is comparable to, or even lower than
that of typical Ethoxylated-Propoxylated (EO/PO) non-ionic
surfactants, usually used for low foaming cleaners. Conversely,
longer alkyl chain length ECAs, like the AKYPO® RLM range,
exhibit high levels of foam. The foam formed is dense and
stable but at the same time easily rinsed.
Appearance
AKYPO® LM-40
Kao is a company fully committed to the environment and recognized as one of the world leaders in environmental responsibility.
In accordance with Kao’s general policy, the AKYPO® range meets the highest standards of quality. They are readily biodegradable
products, show good aquatic toxicity and can be used in ecological and “green” certified formulations. Despite the fact that most
cleaning formulations, and particularly those for Industrial application, are highly aggressive, the AKYPO® products, once
neutralized, exhibit a very mild profile and are highly recommended for Household products too.
The foam behavior of a detergent is very much dependent on
the formulation's characteristics, such as, pH value, electrolyte
content, surfactant type and concentration, among others.
min. 90 %
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: FOAM RETENTION
ECOTOXICOLOGIC PROFILE & MILDNESS
MAIN PROPERTIES
Active Matter
A
B
C
D
E
AKYPO® LM-40
4.1
2.7
2.7
4.3
3.3
OXIDET® DMCLD
4.2
8.3
---
3.3
6.7
BETADET® SHR
---
---
5.7
---
---
TETRANYL® BC-80*
---
---
---
10
---
Sodium hypochlorite (15%)
---
---
---
Sodium hydroxide
5
5
15
5
pH 13
Up to 100
Up to 100
Up to 100
Up to 100
Up to 100
Deionized water
Product is used in high alkaline
cleaning formulations and also
disinfectant formulations based
on sodium hypochlorite or
cationic agents.
Preferred ratios as active matter:
20
AKYPO® LM-40 : co-surfactant
from 4 : 1 to 1 : 1
* Benzalkonium Chloride
11
AKYPO® GENE KTS - the ultimate carpet cleaner
Stability in . . .
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
AKYPO® GENE KTS is an optimized blend of an ether carboxylate and a polymer in a proportion that makes it a good carpet
cleaner and stain remover.
FOAM CONSISTENCY
MAIN PROPERTIES
-
PHYSICAL DATA
Good cleaning effect
No organic solvents
Good residue removal
Good anti-soiling effect
Superfine foam
Short drying time
Antistatic effect
Easy to apply in aerosol cans
Tap water contains calcium and magnesium ions. The stability
of a cleaning formulation and its performance are highly
dependent on water hardness.
Ionic Nature
Anionic
Active Matter
≈ 31 %
Appearance
Opaque Liquid
Freezing Point
0 ºC
pH Value
8.5 – 9.5
Viscosity (20ºC)
≈ 300 cPs
As a carpet cleaner should, AKYPO® GENE KTS shows good cleaning action in conjunction with resistance against re-soiling. Not
only does it remove stains from the carpet, but it also deposits a protective layer on the surface of the textile. Its fast drying shortens
the cleaning time and its creamy foam allows the product to be spread evenly, leaving no untreated spots. Additionally, on synthetic
carpets the product has a remarkable antistatic effect.
FORMULATION REFERENCE
FORMULATION GUIDELINE
The mixture is used with a propellant in aerosol cans and produces finepored foam easy to spread. The formulation can also be used directly or
in spray with special “Foam Formation Valve”.
Once it is applied, it dries into macroscopic solid needles that are easily
removed by vacuum cleaner or a rag. This kind of formulation can be
used for either Household or Institutional applications.
AKYPO® GENE KTS
20
Demineralized Water
79.5
Na2 Hydrogen Phosphate (.2H2O)
0.5
Cleaning Effect
A small area of a nylon carpet with common dirt was
cleaned with AKYPO® GENE KTS and the rest with water. In
the picture below, comparative results after a few hours‘
drying time are shown.
Antistatic Effect
CLEANED AREA
Nylon
needle felt
Nylon
fitted carpet
10
AKYPO ® LF Range
AKYPO ® RLM Range
SLES
SLS
Soap
MEA LS
0
AKYPO® products are very stable in the presence of acids.
Among them, the AKYPO® LF types show the highest stability,
being compatible even with hydrofluoric acid and oxidizing
acids such as nitric acid.
Treatment
None
Max. charge of test person (V)
Leather sole
Plastic sole
- 2200
- 2800
AKYPO® GENE
KTS
+ 48
+ 70
None
- 2600
- 3300
AKYPO® GENE
KTS
+ 35
+ 55
Builders and electrolytes are commonly used in hard surface
cleaners to increase cleaning performance. AKYPO® products
allow stable formulations to be prepared containing high
amounts of them. Fine tuning is needed to choose the best
AKYPO® option depending on the electrolyte.
50
75
Maximum acid content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am
HCl
H3PO4
HNO3
HF
AKYPO® LF
30
70
30
10
AKYPO® RLM
30
70
-
-
STABILITY IN NaOH SOLUTIONS
Alkaline Media
Electrolytes
25
STABILITY IN ACID SOLUTIONS
Acid Media
Maximum NaOH content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am
0%
As seen below, tests carried out at Centraal Laboratorium
TNO in Holland demonstrate the outstanding antistatic effect
of AKYPO® GENE KTS on synthetic fiber carpets.
Carpet
AREA WITH
COMMON DIRT
DIN 53905
According to DIN 53905 (Hard Water Stability Test), all
AKYPO® products achieve the maximum score (75 points).
They are much more stable than other anionic surfactants like
Sodium or Monoethanolamine Lauryl Sulfates (SLS or MEA LS),
and therefore give more stable formulations with optimal
cleaning results.
As shown graphically, AKYPO® products are more stable under
high alkaline conditions than other surfactants like Sodium
Laureth Sulfate or amine oxides. Low alkyl chain types,
AKYPO® LF, show the highest alkaline compatibility, accepting
even 20% of sodium hydroxide.
APPLICATION TESTS
HARD WATER STABILITY TEST
Hard W ater
5%
10%
15%
20%
SLES
AKYPO® RLM Range
Cocamine Oxide
AKYPO® LF Range
STABILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTROLYTES
Maximum electrolyte content in %; 1month; RT; 1% am
MGDA.
3Na
AKYPO® LF
AKYPO® RLM
TKPP
Na2SiO3.
5H2O
30
20
15 - 20
5 - 30
20
1 - 15
TKPP: Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate
MGDA.3Na: Methylglycine Diacetic Acid. 3Na
Na2SiO3.5H2O: Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate
3
AKYPO® Range
Compatibility with . . .
FORMULATIONS GUIDELINE
HYPOCHLORITE STABILITY TEST
Oxidizing Agents
Industrial & Institutional
Presence of NaClO in solution (%) vs time
1% am Surfactant; 3% initial NaClO
The chemical structure of AKYPO® products is not sensitive to
oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite or peroxides. The
graph shows the stability of sodium hypochlorite in the
presence of different surfactants during a storage period of 3
months at room temperature. It can be seen that the stability of
sodium hypochlorite in the presence of AKYPO® surfactants is
comparable to that of Cocamine Oxide, a well known
surfactant used as a perfume solubilizer in chlorine-based
bleaches.
Considering all the aforementioned properties, AKYPO® RLM products represent an excellent choice as the main anionic surfactant
in I&I formulations, especially the ones that require a large amount of foam in extreme conditions. Below are some guide
formulations showing the versatility of the AKYPO® RLM range.
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
0
30
60
90
days
AKYPO® LF & RLM
Blank
Cocamine Oxide
Mono Alkylquat
Alkyl Polyglucoside
Alkaline Cleaner
%
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
4
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
3
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
NaOH (50%) O
10
OXIDET® DMCLD*
6
OXIDET® DMCLD*
2
Chelating Agent*
3
Phosphoric Acid
5
NaClO (150 g/L)
30
Deionized Water
Up to 100
Deionized Water
Up to 100
NaOH (50%)
10
* Cocamine Oxide
* MGDA.3Na
Market
Product INITIAL
Household
Chimney Cleaner
Disinfectants
Anionic surfactants can form complexes with ammonium-quats, used as biocides, inhibiting their disinfecting properties. The graph
below shows the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Benzalkonium Chloride (BzCl) required to prevent the growth of
Staphyloccocus Aureus in the presence of a fixed quantity (500 ppm) of different added surfactants.
The AKYPO® RLM type exhibits lower inhibition and only a concentration of between 50 and 100 ppm of BzCl is needed. In the
case of AKYPO® LF there is even synergy, and less biocide is needed to prevent microorganism growth.
2.4
OXIDET® DMCLD*
8.3
NaOH
3.1
Monoethanolamine
1
Sodium Citrate
1
This special formulation is capable of
removing all the heavy dirt produced by
the combustion of wood inside a chimney.
Various tests in real conditions were
carried out, with outstanding results.
MIC (ppm)
10
1
without
surfactant
4
AKYPO ® LF 4
AKYPO ® RLM
25
AKYPO ®RLM
45 CA
soap
SLS
SLES
1.5
Deionized Water
APPLICATION
Up to 100
FIRST RINSE
Chimney Cleaner
Car Care
(see also Car Care brochure)
Car Shampoo
%
%
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
5
AKYPO® RLM 100
5
SULFONAX® *
2
AMIDET® N*
6
Butyl Diglycol
4
FINDET® 10/18**
4
H3PO4 (85%)
Citric Acid (50%)
3
Citric Acid (50%)
Deionized Water
Up to 100
Deionized Water
Bath Cleaner
100
%
Market Product
As an example of another Household product with
AKYPO® RLM products, here is a concentrated bath
cleaner with a very mild profile and creamy foam.
1000
Disinfecting Cleaner
Up to 100
BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE COMPATIBILITY TEST
Disinfecting effect of BzCl solution in the presence of surfactants (500 ppm)
%
%
AKYPO® RLM 25
Deionized Water
Typical anionic surfactants such as soap, SLS or SLES, clearly inhibit the disinfecting effect of BzCl, and it is necessary to increase the
concentration of biocide to over 100 ppm.
Acid Cleaner
* PEG-4 Rapeseedamide
** Fatty Alcohol C10+6EO
pH < 3
Up to 100
* Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid
9
AKYPO® RLM Range
AKYPO® LF Range
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Just like the AKYPO® LF range, AKYPO® RLM products are liquid at room temperature and highly concentrated. Their main
application is Industrial Cleaning although they are suitable for Household applications thanks to their mildness.
Trademark
CAS Number
Chemical Description
Appearance
at 20ºC
% Active
Matter
AKYPO® LF products are liquid at room temperature, highly concentrated and commercially available in acid form. They are used
singly or in combination for application in Industrial & Institutional formulations.
Trademark
CAS Number
Chemical Description
Appearance
at 20ºC
% Active
Matter
AKYPO® RLM 25
27306-90-7
Laureth-4 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 94
AKYPO® LF 1
53563-70-5
Capryleth-6 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 90
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
27306-90-7
Laureth-6 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 92
AKYPO® LF 2
53563-70-5
Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 89
AKYPO® RLM 100
27306-90-7
Laureth-11 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 90
AKYPO® LF 4
53563-70-5
105391-15-9
Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid +
Hexeth-4 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 89
AKYPO® LF 6
53563-70-5
107600-34-0
Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid +
Buteth-2 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 87
MAIN PROPERTIES
High Foamability
FOAM BEHAVIOR
MAIN PROPERTIES
Ross Miles method; mL of foam vs time
1g am/L; RT; neutral pH
The AKYPO® RLM range produces high foaming
levels with high foam stability. The foaming level is
between that of standard non-ionic surfactants and
SLES. Furthermore, the foam is dense and stable.
FOAM BEHAVIOR with pH
Low Foamability
Ross Miles method; RT; 1g a.m./L
200
mL foam
150
100
50
0
Non Ionic
Surfactant
SLES
®
®
AKYPO
RLM 100
AKYPO
RLM 45CA
Foam level
of typical
foaming
surfactants
200
150
mL foam
Low Foaming gives the name to the AKYPO® LF range as
this is one of the main properties that makes this range so
special. They can be used in formulations that are to be
applied at high pressure and under extreme conditions that
require low levels of foam. As seen in the graph, the
AKYPO® LF range is low foaming, especially at low pHs,
even more than common EO/PO surfactants.
100
50
®
AKYPO
RLM 25
0
3
5 sec
5 min
High Stability
GENERAL STABILITY
1% a.m. surfactant ; RT; 24h ; Maximum content in %
Electrolytes
AKYPO® RLM 25
Acids
AKYPO® LF range is capable of dispersing large quantities of
particulate soil, a well appreciated characteristic for heavyduty cleaners. This dispersing ability helps to remove the
dirt from surfaces and, above all, avoids its re-deposition by
suspending the dirt in the solution.
Alkali
MGDA.
3Na
EDTA.4Na
TKPP
Na2SiO3.
5H2O
HCl
H3PO4
NaOH
5
20
20
1
25
70
5
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
30
20
20
15
30
70
10
AKYPO® RLM 100
20
20
20
15
30
70
15
Good
Bad
The chart shows the
lower transmittance given
by formulas containing
AKYPO® LF, meaning that
particles are suspended
throughout the solution.
pH
13
EO/PO surfactant
AKYPO® LF 1
AKYPO® LF 4
AKYPO® LF 6
AKYPO® LF 2
ASSESSMENT OF THE DISPERSING ABILITY
Dispersing Ability
Although AKYPO® RLM products have poorer stability in the presence of alkalis and electrolytes than AKYPO® LF products, they
are still very stable in these solutions, and better than other anionic and non-ionic surfactants.
7
% Transmittance
Bad
75
50
25
Good
0
No
Hydrotrope
Additive
APG
SCS
®
AKYPO
LF Range
APG: Alkyl Polyglucoside
SCS: Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
8
5
AKYPO® LF Range
HYDROTROPY TEST
Hydrotropy
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING
% of Hydrotrope (am) to make formulation clear
CLEANING ABILITY
High Pressure Cleaning
In Industrial & Institutional cleaners, it is common to use large
quantities of electrolytes. In this medium, non-ionic surfactants
usually give hazy formulations. The AKYPO® LF range allows
clear and stable formulations using lower amounts of product
than other hydrotropic agents.
Bad
2
1,5
Road Film Truck Cleaning
Real Scale
AKYPO® LF products have all the properties a high pressure cleaner needs:
low foamability, compatibility with electrolytes, stability in acid or basic
media and, specially, good dispersing ability. The following formula has
been tested both at laboratory scale and at real scale.
%
Good
Bad
Test Formula
Hydrotrope
X
MGDA.3Na
6
FINDET® 10/18
HOUSEHOLD
%
*
1
pH 13
Deionized Water
Up to
100%
Good
0
APG
SCS
®
AKYPO
LF Range
* Fatty Alcohol C10 + 6EO
BEFORE
Standard
formula
%
AKYPO® LF 4
2.5
Non-ionic surf.
3
Builders*
9
NaOH (50%)
Balanced and cost-effective Household products can be formulated with the addition of an AKYPO® LF.
EFFECTIVENESS TEST
Ecolabel degreaser
IKW Test
®
AKYPO®
LF 4
Up to 100
AFTER
* Blend of TKPP and MGDA.3Na
Cleaning in Place (CIP)
CIP FORMULATIONS
The surfactants used in CIP formulations have to be very effective, easily
rinsable and, above all, low foaming. In all these properties, the AKYPO® LF
range achieves high marks. The graph shows the foam volume of a 1g am/L
surfactant solution at room temperature circulating in a closed system for 30
minutes. The solution is then kept “steady” and the foam is measured again
5 minutes later.
BEFORE
As an example, here is a remarkably effective formulation, as
the IKW test indicates (Recommendation for the Quality Assessment
of the Product Performance of All-Purpose Cleaners; SÖFW-Journal 130,
10-2004, pages 83-93). Additionally, with AKYPO® LF 2, the
Market
Product
pH 11.5
Deionized Water
formulation meets the Ecolabel requirements.
CLEANING ABILITY
Laboratory Assessment
10% formula dilution; RT
0,5
3
KOH
High Pressure Cleaning
Formulation
CIRCULATION TEST METHOD
AFTER
®
AKYPO LF1
®
AKYPO LF2
circulation
®
%
AKYPO LF4
Blank
1.1
FINDET® 1214N/19
2.5
NaOH (50%)
Deionized Water
* Fatty Alcohol C12-C14 + 7EO
6
pH 11.5
Up to 100
AKYPO® LF
3
H3PO4 (75%)
97
%
AKYPO® LF
1
NaClO (150g/L)
30
NaOH (50%)
16
Bayhibit-AM
2
Deionized Water
Up to
100
steady
®
AKYPO® LF 2
%
Alkaline &
Disinfecting
1g am/L; RT; pH as is
Degreaser
Acid
AKYPO LF6
Market Product
Degreaser (1st replica)
EO/PO
0
nd
Degreaser (2 replica)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
mL foam
AKYPO® LF products exhibit different
behaviors in this test, showing comparable
or lower foaming ability than EO/PO
surfactants used in the field.
*Materials used in this formulation fulfil EU Ecolabel criteria
7
AKYPO® RLM Range
AKYPO® LF Range
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Just like the AKYPO® LF range, AKYPO® RLM products are liquid at room temperature and highly concentrated. Their main
application is Industrial Cleaning although they are suitable for Household applications thanks to their mildness.
Trademark
CAS Number
Chemical Description
Appearance
at 20ºC
% Active
Matter
AKYPO® LF products are liquid at room temperature, highly concentrated and commercially available in acid form. They are used
singly or in combination for application in Industrial & Institutional formulations.
Trademark
CAS Number
Chemical Description
Appearance
at 20ºC
% Active
Matter
AKYPO® RLM 25
27306-90-7
Laureth-4 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 94
AKYPO® LF 1
53563-70-5
Capryleth-6 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 90
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
27306-90-7
Laureth-6 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 92
AKYPO® LF 2
53563-70-5
Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 89
AKYPO® RLM 100
27306-90-7
Laureth-11 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 90
AKYPO® LF 4
53563-70-5
105391-15-9
Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid +
Hexeth-4 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 89
AKYPO® LF 6
53563-70-5
107600-34-0
Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid +
Buteth-2 Carboxylic Acid
Liquid
≈ 87
MAIN PROPERTIES
High Foamability
FOAM BEHAVIOR
MAIN PROPERTIES
Ross Miles method; mL of foam vs time
1g am/L; RT; neutral pH
The AKYPO® RLM range produces high foaming
levels with high foam stability. The foaming level is
between that of standard non-ionic surfactants and
SLES. Furthermore, the foam is dense and stable.
FOAM BEHAVIOR with pH
Low Foamability
Ross Miles method; RT; 1g a.m./L
200
mL foam
150
100
50
0
Non Ionic
Surfactant
SLES
®
®
AKYPO
RLM 100
AKYPO
RLM 45CA
Foam level
of typical
foaming
surfactants
200
150
mL foam
Low Foaming gives the name to the AKYPO® LF range as
this is one of the main properties that makes this range so
special. They can be used in formulations that are to be
applied at high pressure and under extreme conditions that
require low levels of foam. As seen in the graph, the
AKYPO® LF range is low foaming, especially at low pHs,
even more than common EO/PO surfactants.
100
50
®
AKYPO
RLM 25
0
3
5 sec
5 min
High Stability
GENERAL STABILITY
1% a.m. surfactant ; RT; 24h ; Maximum content in %
Electrolytes
AKYPO® RLM 25
Acids
AKYPO® LF range is capable of dispersing large quantities of
particulate soil, a well appreciated characteristic for heavyduty cleaners. This dispersing ability helps to remove the
dirt from surfaces and, above all, avoids its re-deposition by
suspending the dirt in the solution.
Alkali
MGDA.
3Na
EDTA.4Na
TKPP
Na2SiO3.
5H2O
HCl
H3PO4
NaOH
5
20
20
1
25
70
5
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
30
20
20
15
30
70
10
AKYPO® RLM 100
20
20
20
15
30
70
15
Good
Bad
The chart shows the
lower transmittance given
by formulas containing
AKYPO® LF, meaning that
particles are suspended
throughout the solution.
pH
13
EO/PO surfactant
AKYPO® LF 1
AKYPO® LF 4
AKYPO® LF 6
AKYPO® LF 2
ASSESSMENT OF THE DISPERSING ABILITY
Dispersing Ability
Although AKYPO® RLM products have poorer stability in the presence of alkalis and electrolytes than AKYPO® LF products, they
are still very stable in these solutions, and better than other anionic and non-ionic surfactants.
7
% Transmittance
Bad
75
50
25
Good
0
No
Hydrotrope
Additive
APG
SCS
®
AKYPO
LF Range
APG: Alkyl Polyglucoside
SCS: Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
8
5
AKYPO® Range
Compatibility with . . .
FORMULATIONS GUIDELINE
HYPOCHLORITE STABILITY TEST
Oxidizing Agents
Industrial & Institutional
Presence of NaClO in solution (%) vs time
1% am Surfactant; 3% initial NaClO
The chemical structure of AKYPO® products is not sensitive to
oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite or peroxides. The
graph shows the stability of sodium hypochlorite in the
presence of different surfactants during a storage period of 3
months at room temperature. It can be seen that the stability of
sodium hypochlorite in the presence of AKYPO® surfactants is
comparable to that of Cocamine Oxide, a well known
surfactant used as a perfume solubilizer in chlorine-based
bleaches.
Considering all the aforementioned properties, AKYPO® RLM products represent an excellent choice as the main anionic surfactant
in I&I formulations, especially the ones that require a large amount of foam in extreme conditions. Below are some guide
formulations showing the versatility of the AKYPO® RLM range.
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
0
30
60
90
days
AKYPO® LF & RLM
Blank
Cocamine Oxide
Mono Alkylquat
Alkyl Polyglucoside
Alkaline Cleaner
%
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
4
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
3
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
NaOH (50%) O
10
OXIDET® DMCLD*
6
OXIDET® DMCLD*
2
Chelating Agent*
3
Phosphoric Acid
5
NaClO (150 g/L)
30
Deionized Water
Up to 100
Deionized Water
Up to 100
NaOH (50%)
10
* Cocamine Oxide
* MGDA.3Na
Market
Product INITIAL
Household
Chimney Cleaner
Disinfectants
Anionic surfactants can form complexes with ammonium-quats, used as biocides, inhibiting their disinfecting properties. The graph
below shows the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Benzalkonium Chloride (BzCl) required to prevent the growth of
Staphyloccocus Aureus in the presence of a fixed quantity (500 ppm) of different added surfactants.
The AKYPO® RLM type exhibits lower inhibition and only a concentration of between 50 and 100 ppm of BzCl is needed. In the
case of AKYPO® LF there is even synergy, and less biocide is needed to prevent microorganism growth.
2.4
OXIDET® DMCLD*
8.3
NaOH
3.1
Monoethanolamine
1
Sodium Citrate
1
This special formulation is capable of
removing all the heavy dirt produced by
the combustion of wood inside a chimney.
Various tests in real conditions were
carried out, with outstanding results.
MIC (ppm)
10
1
without
surfactant
4
AKYPO ® LF 4
AKYPO ® RLM
25
AKYPO ®RLM
45 CA
soap
SLS
SLES
1.5
Deionized Water
APPLICATION
Up to 100
FIRST RINSE
Chimney Cleaner
Car Care
(see also Car Care brochure)
Car Shampoo
%
%
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
5
AKYPO® RLM 100
5
SULFONAX® *
2
AMIDET® N*
6
Butyl Diglycol
4
FINDET® 10/18**
4
H3PO4 (85%)
Citric Acid (50%)
3
Citric Acid (50%)
Deionized Water
Up to 100
Deionized Water
Bath Cleaner
100
%
Market Product
As an example of another Household product with
AKYPO® RLM products, here is a concentrated bath
cleaner with a very mild profile and creamy foam.
1000
Disinfecting Cleaner
Up to 100
BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE COMPATIBILITY TEST
Disinfecting effect of BzCl solution in the presence of surfactants (500 ppm)
%
%
AKYPO® RLM 25
Deionized Water
Typical anionic surfactants such as soap, SLS or SLES, clearly inhibit the disinfecting effect of BzCl, and it is necessary to increase the
concentration of biocide to over 100 ppm.
Acid Cleaner
* PEG-4 Rapeseedamide
** Fatty Alcohol C10+6EO
pH < 3
Up to 100
* Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid
9
AKYPO® GENE KTS - the ultimate carpet cleaner
Stability in . . .
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
AKYPO® GENE KTS is an optimized blend of an ether carboxylate and a polymer in a proportion that makes it a good carpet
cleaner and stain remover.
FOAM CONSISTENCY
MAIN PROPERTIES
-
PHYSICAL DATA
Good cleaning effect
No organic solvents
Good residue removal
Good anti-soiling effect
Superfine foam
Short drying time
Antistatic effect
Easy to apply in aerosol cans
Tap water contains calcium and magnesium ions. The stability
of a cleaning formulation and its performance are highly
dependent on water hardness.
Ionic Nature
Anionic
Active Matter
≈ 31 %
Appearance
Opaque Liquid
Freezing Point
0 ºC
pH Value
8.5 – 9.5
Viscosity (20ºC)
≈ 300 cPs
As a carpet cleaner should, AKYPO® GENE KTS shows good cleaning action in conjunction with resistance against re-soiling. Not
only does it remove stains from the carpet, but it also deposits a protective layer on the surface of the textile. Its fast drying shortens
the cleaning time and its creamy foam allows the product to be spread evenly, leaving no untreated spots. Additionally, on synthetic
carpets the product has a remarkable antistatic effect.
FORMULATION REFERENCE
FORMULATION GUIDELINE
The mixture is used with a propellant in aerosol cans and produces finepored foam easy to spread. The formulation can also be used directly or
in spray with special “Foam Formation Valve”.
Once it is applied, it dries into macroscopic solid needles that are easily
removed by vacuum cleaner or a rag. This kind of formulation can be
used for either Household or Institutional applications.
AKYPO® GENE KTS
20
Demineralized Water
79.5
Na2 Hydrogen Phosphate (.2H2O)
0.5
Cleaning Effect
A small area of a nylon carpet with common dirt was
cleaned with AKYPO® GENE KTS and the rest with water. In
the picture below, comparative results after a few hours‘
drying time are shown.
Antistatic Effect
CLEANED AREA
Nylon
needle felt
Nylon
fitted carpet
10
AKYPO ® LF Range
AKYPO ® RLM Range
SLES
SLS
Soap
MEA LS
0
AKYPO® products are very stable in the presence of acids.
Among them, the AKYPO® LF types show the highest stability,
being compatible even with hydrofluoric acid and oxidizing
acids such as nitric acid.
Treatment
None
Max. charge of test person (V)
Leather sole
Plastic sole
- 2200
- 2800
AKYPO® GENE
KTS
+ 48
+ 70
None
- 2600
- 3300
AKYPO® GENE
KTS
+ 35
+ 55
Builders and electrolytes are commonly used in hard surface
cleaners to increase cleaning performance. AKYPO® products
allow stable formulations to be prepared containing high
amounts of them. Fine tuning is needed to choose the best
AKYPO® option depending on the electrolyte.
50
75
Maximum acid content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am
HCl
H3PO4
HNO3
HF
AKYPO® LF
30
70
30
10
AKYPO® RLM
30
70
-
-
STABILITY IN NaOH SOLUTIONS
Alkaline Media
Electrolytes
25
STABILITY IN ACID SOLUTIONS
Acid Media
Maximum NaOH content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am
0%
As seen below, tests carried out at Centraal Laboratorium
TNO in Holland demonstrate the outstanding antistatic effect
of AKYPO® GENE KTS on synthetic fiber carpets.
Carpet
AREA WITH
COMMON DIRT
DIN 53905
According to DIN 53905 (Hard Water Stability Test), all
AKYPO® products achieve the maximum score (75 points).
They are much more stable than other anionic surfactants like
Sodium or Monoethanolamine Lauryl Sulfates (SLS or MEA LS),
and therefore give more stable formulations with optimal
cleaning results.
As shown graphically, AKYPO® products are more stable under
high alkaline conditions than other surfactants like Sodium
Laureth Sulfate or amine oxides. Low alkyl chain types,
AKYPO® LF, show the highest alkaline compatibility, accepting
even 20% of sodium hydroxide.
APPLICATION TESTS
HARD WATER STABILITY TEST
Hard W ater
5%
10%
15%
20%
SLES
AKYPO® RLM Range
Cocamine Oxide
AKYPO® LF Range
STABILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTROLYTES
Maximum electrolyte content in %; 1month; RT; 1% am
MGDA.
3Na
AKYPO® LF
AKYPO® RLM
TKPP
Na2SiO3.
5H2O
30
20
15 - 20
5 - 30
20
1 - 15
TKPP: Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate
MGDA.3Na: Methylglycine Diacetic Acid. 3Na
Na2SiO3.5H2O: Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate
3
®
AKYPO Range
R
O
O
OH
AKYPO® LM-40
n
- Open Plant Cleaning application
O
INTRODUCTION
Kao Chemicals Europe commercializes a wide range of anionic
surfactants under the product name AKYPO®, which are
multifunctional additives recommended especially for
professional and industrial cleaning products and also for
household detergents.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Product
R
n
AKYPO® LF 1
C8
5
AKYPO® LF 2
C8
8
AKYPO® LF 4
C6 / C8
3+8
The AKYPO® products are alkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids (ECAs)
AKYPO® LF 6
C4 / C8
1+8
or their salts, with variable alkyl chain length (R) and various
AKYPO® RLM 25
C12 / C14
2.5
degrees of ethoxylation (n). In terms of alkyl chain length, the
AKYPO® products can be divided into two main categories, the
AKYPO® RLM 45 CA
C12 / C14
4.5
AKYPO® LF and AKYPO® RLM ranges, each with its
AKYPO® RLM 100
C12 / C14
10
characteristic application properties. The variable ethoxylation
degree also affects these properties. AKYPO® LF types, whose
AKYPO® GENE KTS
ECA + polymer
alkyl chain length ranges from C4 to C8, are low foaming
AKYPO® LM-40
Optimized ECA
surfactants with high dispersing and hydrotropic abilities.
AKYPO® RLM products are based on a C12-C14 alkyl chain and
their degree of ethoxylation ranges from 2.5 to 10 EO. They are
characterized by good foaming behavior at different pHs. Both categories exhibit outstanding stability under strong pH conditions,
and allow the formulation of cleaners with a high electrolyte and builder content.
In addition to the aforementioned products, the AKYPO® range includes two “specialty” surfactants: AKYPO® GENE KTS, an
optimized blend of an ECA and a polymer, which exhibits superior performance for carpet cleaners, and AKYPO® LM-40, specially
designed as an excellent foaming agent for Open Plant Cleaners (OPC).
AKYPO® LM-40 is a brand-new ether carboxylate surfactant specially designed for use in Open Plant Cleaning processes, mainly in
the Food and Beverage industry (Patent filed).
MAIN PROPERTIES
-
PHYSICAL DATA
Outstanding foam retention
Mild profile
Creamy and stable foam
Good eco-toxicity
Stable in extreme conditions
Concentrated and solvent-free
Application time
Formulations are diluted with
water before being introduced in
to the appropriate foaming device.
FOAMABILITY
Comparison of foam levels using Ross-Miles method
1g am/L ; RT; neutral pH
Foaming ability and foam control are extremely important
properties to be considered in a cleaning formulation.
The brand name AKYPO LF stands for “Low Foaming” ECAs.
Their foaming behavior is comparable to, or even lower than
that of typical Ethoxylated-Propoxylated (EO/PO) non-ionic
surfactants, usually used for low foaming cleaners. Conversely,
longer alkyl chain length ECAs, like the AKYPO® RLM range,
exhibit high levels of foam. The foam formed is dense and
stable but at the same time easily rinsed.
Clear, colorless to pale
yellowish liquid
pH Value (1%)
2.0 – 3.5
Viscosity (20ºC)
100 - 500 cPs
0’
4’
0’
1’
AKYPO® LM-40
Product is applied at a dilution of 1-10% and left to act for some time.
Ratio AKYPO® LM 40 / Am
AKYPO® LM-40 reaches its best performance in alkaline formulations combined with amphoteric surfactants at specific ratios.
4/1 3/1 such
2/1 as
1.5/1
1/1 Oxides
4/1 3/1 2/1
Foam ability and retention time depend on the ratio between AKYPO® LM-40 and amphoteric surfactants
Amine
®
®
®
®
(e.g. OXIDET DMCLD or OXIDET DM-20) or Sulfobetaines (BETADET SHR or
BETADET
S-20). These amphoteric surfactants
OXIDET®
DMCLD
are selected according to the alkali content.
BETADET® SHR
AKYPO® LM-40 / OXIDET® DMCLD:
from 4/1 to 1.5/1
BETADET® S-20
AKYPO® LM-40 / BETADET® SHR:
from 2/1 to 1/1
AKYPO® LM-40 / BETADET® S-20:
from 3/1 to 1.5/1
5% NaOH
10% Na
150
mL foam
The foam behavior of a detergent is very much dependent on
the formulation's characteristics, such as, pH value, electrolyte
content, surfactant type and concentration, among others.
200
Appearance
Standard
Anionic
Surfactant
Kao is a company fully committed to the environment and recognized as one of the world leaders in environmental responsibility.
In accordance with Kao’s general policy, the AKYPO® range meets the highest standards of quality. They are readily biodegradable
products, show good aquatic toxicity and can be used in ecological and “green” certified formulations. Despite the fact that most
cleaning formulations, and particularly those for Industrial application, are highly aggressive, the AKYPO® products, once
neutralized, exhibit a very mild profile and are highly recommended for Household products too.
Foam Behavior
min. 90 %
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: FOAM RETENTION
ECOTOXICOLOGIC PROFILE & MILDNESS
MAIN PROPERTIES
Active Matter
Ratio AKYPO® LM 40 / Amphoteric surfactant
100
4/1 3/1
®
50
Excellent FOAM RETENTION
OXIDET® DMCLD
Conventional FOAM RETENTION
BETADET® SHR
0
5 sec
5 min
Not suitable FOAM QUALITY
BETADET® S-20
AKYPO® LF Range
AKYPO® RLM Range
EO/PO Surfactant
SLES
Outstanding FOAM RETENTION
2/1 1.5/1 1/1 4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1 4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1
5% NaOH
10% NaOH
15% NaOH
Not feasible formulation
SLES: Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Outstanding FOAM RETENTION
2
11
Excellent FOAM RETENTION
Mission
Our Mission is “to strive for the wholehearted satisfaction
and enrichment of the lives of people globally” through
the Company’s core domain of value added chemicals.
Fully committed to this mission, all members of the Kao
Group work together with passion to provide products of
excellent value created from the customer’s perspective.
In so doing, we “share joy with the customer”.
®
AKYPO
Vision
We aim to be “a global group of companies that is closest
to the customer in each market”, earning the respect and
trust of all stakeholders and contributing towards the
sustainable development of society.
Trademark
Kao Chemicals Europe
Chemical Description
Appearance (20ºC)
Active Matter (%)
www.kaochemicals-eu.com
Kao Corporation, S.A.
Puig dels Tudons, 10
E-08210 Barberà del Vallès
(Barcelona) Spain
Tel: +34 93 7399-300
Fax:+34 93 7399-377
e-mail:[email protected]
Kao Chemicals GmbH
Kupferstrasse 1
D-46446 Emmerich, Germany
Tel: +49(0)2822 711-0
Fax:+49(0)2822 711-201
e-mail:[email protected]
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