STUDY QUESTIONS (120): FINAL EXAM – Intercultural Communication
Understanding Intercultural Communication, Chapters 7-12
McHenry County College, Fall Semester, 2014 – Ron Compton, Instructor
Chapter 7, “What Are the Different Ways to Communicate Nonverbally Across Cultures?”
Match the following five terms with their respective definitions:
a. Artifacts
b. Proxemics
c. Paralanguage
d. Haptics
e. Nonverbal communication
d ___ 1. Study of the perceptions and meanings of touch behavior.
a ___ 2. Ornaments or adornments that we use to communicate just by wearing.
e___ 3. Communicating without words through multiple communication channels.
c ___ 4. Nonword sounds and characteristics of speech.
b___ 5. Study of space between persons, physical contact, and the inner anxiety we have when
people violate our space.
Match the following five terms with their respective definitions or examples:
a. Adaptor
b. Cultural display rule
c. Illustrator
d. Regulator
e. Emblem
e ___ 6. The “thumbs up” sign without saying words.
d ___ 7. Nodding your head rapidly to speed up a speaker during a conversation.
a ___ 8. Your personal habit of covering your mouth when you yawn.
c ___ 9. As you tell a hairstylist that you want only one inch of your hair cut, using your fingers
to show a space of one inch.
b ___ 10. Knowing that it is appropriate to display disgust or anger in public in Thai culture.
True/False:
11. More than half of a message is inferred through nonverbal channels.
a. True
b. False
12. Oculesics is the study of eye contact behavior.
a. True
b. False
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13. Many hand gestures, such as the gesture for “okay,” are performed the same way across
cultures.
a. True
b. False
14. You may feel negative feelings if someone touches you when you don’t know them well,
because it violates unspoken rules regarding haptics.
a. True
b. False
15. Artifacts can place a person in a particular status or class.
a. True
b. False
Multiple Choice:
16. Nonverbal cues can __________ the verbal message; this is a form of leakage, or hiding how
we really feel.
a. regulate
b. illustrate
c. complement
d. contradict
17. How something is said and not what is said describes what aspect of nonverbal
communication?
a. Paralanguage
b. Proxemics
c. Haptics
d. Oculesics
18. Gerald has learned that the new culture to which he will be moving is a low-contact culture.
In order to fit in, Gerald knows that he must do less (fewer) ___________.
a. hand gestures
b. interaction with strangers
c. touching
d. eye contact
19. ____________ are ornaments or adornments that we use to communicate just by wearing.
a. Cues
b. Kinesics
c. Proxemics
d. Artifacts
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20. In U.S. culture, the intimate zone is approximately __________ in distance and is reserved
for ________________.
a. 0–6 inches; closest friends and family
b. 0–6 inches; friends, family, acquaintances, and colleagues
c. 0–18 inches; closest friends and family
d. 0–18 inches; friends, family, acquaintances, and colleagues
Chapter 8, “What Causes Us to Hold Biases Against Outgroups?”
Match the following five terms with their respective definitions:
a. Discrimination
b. Racism
c. Stereotype
d. Ethnocentrism
e. Prejudice
c ___ 21. Exaggerated pictures we make about a group of people on the basis of our inflexible
beliefs and expectations about the characteristics or behaviors of the group.
e ___ 22. Describes an individual’s feelings and predispositions toward outgroup members in a
pejorative or negative direction.
d ___ 23. Considering the views and standards of one’s own ingroup as much more important
than any outgroup’s.
a ___24. Verbal and nonverbal actions that carry out prejudiced attitudes.
b ___25. Feelings of superiority based on biological or racial differences, or both, along with
strong ingroup preferences and rejection of outgroups that are different in custom or
belief.
Match the following five terms with their respective definitions:
a. Selection
b. Perception
c. Interpretation
d. Attribution
e. Organization
b ___ 26. The process of selecting cues from the environment, organizing them into a clear
pattern and labeling that pattern, and then interpreting that pattern.
d ___ 27. The explanation for, or the meaning of, why people behave as they do.
e ___ 28. Guided by our culture and the language we speak, grouping our perceptions into
similar objects and labeling them with a symbol or name.
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c ___ 29. Attaching meaning to the data that we have received and grouped into a pattern; also
known as expectations.
a ___ 30. Picking out cues from one’s cultural landscapes, having learned to pay close attention
to the cues that are valuable in one’s culture.
True/False:
31. If we are mindful, we can stop stereotyping.
a. True
b. False
32. Prejudice relates to attitude and discrimination relates to action or behavior.
a. True
b. False
33. When we make interpretations, we attach meaning to the data we receive.
a. True
b. False
34. When Hamish feels negative or hostile feelings toward outgroup members but takes no
action, he is engaging in small-group discrimination.
a. True
b. False
35. Our perceptions of others are usually highly subjective, selective, and biased.
a. True
b. False
Multiple Choice:
36. _______________ derives from two Greek words, meaning “one’s own ethnic or cultural
group” and “one’s group should be looked upon as the center of the world.”
a. Fundamental attribution error
b. Prejudice
c. Discrimination
d. Ethnocentrism
37. During the ____________ part of the perception process, the cues that are considered
valuable in one’s culture are what one pays closer attention to.
a. perception
b. selection
c. attribution
d. organization
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38. Harve, who is from Belgium, has feelings of hostility toward the Dutch, and tends to have
negative views of Dutch people’s behaviors and characteristics, although he has never taken
any harmful action against them. He is __________ toward the Dutch but has not practiced
______________ against them.
a. prejudiced; discrimination
b. racist; prejudice
c. prejudiced; attribution
d. stereotyping; prejudice
39. Hadiya has been walking down the street and been the recipient of racist jokes and hate-filled
remarks. She is the victim of what degree of ethnocentrism?
a. Distance of indifference
b. Distance of avoidance
c. Distance of disparagement
d. Distance of violence
40. Helga is from the Netherlands and believes her nation is highly competitive with Norway.
So, according to the Stereotype Content Model, the perception of ___________ dimension
between the Netherlands and Norway is low.
a. ethnocentrism
b. competition
c. competence
d. warmth
Chapter 9, “How Can We Manage Intercultural Conflict Flexibly?”
Match the following five terms with their respective descriptions of conflict styles:
a. Compromising
b. Avoiding
c. Obliging (or accommodating)
d. Integrating (or collaborative)
e. Dominating (or competitive/controlling)
e ___ 41. Involves pushing for one’s own position above others’ conflict interest. Includes
aggressive, defensive, and controlling tactics.
c ___ 42. Involves high concern of others’ conflict interest above and beyond one’s own conflict
position. Includes smoothing over a conflict or giving in to a partner’s wishes.
d ___ 43. Involves a high concern for both self-interest and also the other person’s interest. Uses
nonevaluative descriptive messages and qualifying statements.
b ___ 44. Involves dodging the conflict topic, party, or situation altogether. Includes denying the
conflict exists and glossing over the topic.
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a ___ 45. Involves a give-and-take concession approach to reach a mid-point agreement.
Includes fairness appeals, trade-off suggestions, and other short-term solutions.
Match the following five terms with their respective definitions:
a. Identity-based goals
b. Tangible resources
c. Content goals
d. Relational conflict goals
e. Intangible resources
d ___ 46. How individuals define a particular relationship, or would like to define it in that
situation.
a ___ 47. Face-saving and face-honoring issues in a conflict episode.
b ___ 48. Conflict resources that may include money and other scarce (or perceived to be scarce)
commodities.
c ___ 49. The practical issues that are external to individuals involved.
e ___ 50. Conflict resources that may include deeply felt desires or emotional needs.
True/False:
51. In the United States, the Black mode of conflict is high-keyed (energetic, nonverbally
animated, and emotionally expressive).
a. True
b. False
52. A workplace that holds both collectivistic and small power distance values is one where
managers have authority and power.
a. True
b. False
53. Cultural empathy involves the ability of participants to understand accurately the experiences
of others from diverse cultures.
a. True
b. False
54. The avoiding style of conflict describes a high degree of self-interest and a low degree of
other-interest in a conflict.
a. True
b. False
55. U.S. culture tends to view obliging and avoiding styles negatively, as indifferent to or fleeing
from the conflict.
a. True
b. False
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Multiple Choice:
56. Ilona, who was raised in a collectivist culture, needs to work on what communication tool in
order to be more effective in a conflict with an individualist?
a. More active sharing of her voice or opinions
b. Increasing other-oriented face-giving behaviors
c. Attending more to nonverbal signals from an individualist
d. Giving credit to their team or family
57. During their conflict over where to go on vacation, Ian wants to be respected for his
knowledge about traveling. This is a description of which kind of conflict goal?
a. Relational conflict
b. Identity-based
c. Content
d. Tangible
58. Which of the following suggestions should individualists do in a conflict with a collectivist?
a. Engage in assertive style of conflict behavior
b. Actively express ideas
c. Learn to apologize when part of the problem
d. Compliment his/her abilities and unique contributions
59. In her culture, Iduia has learned that during conflict, she should avoid eye contact and speak
softly in order to avoid attacking the social images of others. These nonverbal and verbal
strategies are called _____________ and she probably lives in a(an) ______________
culture.
a. facework; individualistic
b. facework; collectivistic
c. avoiding conflict style; individualistic
d. avoiding conflict style; collectivistic
60. Ignacio’s workplace values personal freedom. Employees expect equal treatment and they
even may ask for managers to justify their decisions. According to the intercultural
workplace conflict grid, Ignacio’s workplace takes the ___________ approach.
a. impartial
b. status-achievement
c. benevolent
d. communal
Chapter 10, “What Are the Challenges in Developing an Intercultural-Intimate Relationship?”
Match the following five terms with their respective definitions:
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a. Majority-group identifiers
b. Intercultural-intimate conflict
c. Synthesizers
d. Structural commitment
e. Intimate relationship
e ___ 61. A very personal or private relationship marked by warmth and familiarity.
b ___ 62. Antagonistic friction or disagreement between two romantic partners due, in part, to
cultural or ethnic group membership differences.
a ___ 63. Biracial children who identify with the parent from the dominant culture or religion,
who may or may not publicly acknowledge the identity of their other parent.
d ___ 64. Taking into consideration external social and family reactions in deciding to either
continue or terminate an intercultural-intimate relationship.
c ___ 65. Biracial children who acknowledge the influence of both aspects of their parents’
backgrounds and synchronize the diverse aspects of their parents’ values into a coherent
identity.
Match the following five terms with their respective definitions:
a. Coping
b. Disaffiliates
c. Minority-group identifiers
d. Racial awareness
e. Relationship maintenance
b ___ 66. Biracial children who identify with neither parent’s cultural background.
d ___ 67. Stage at which members of an interracial couple gradually become aware of each
other’s and society’s views on interracial relationships.
c ___ 68. Biracial children who identify with the minority parent.
a ___ 69. Stage at which an interracial couple faces struggles in gaining approval from their
families and friends and the strategies they come up with in dealing with such external
pressures.
e ___ 70. Stage in which an interracial couple has continuous hard work in dealing with new
challenges such as having children, moving, and meeting new social circles.
True/False:
71. The “blind” panel in the Johari Window includes information about myself that I don’t know
and that others do know about me.
a. True
b. False
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72. Individuals who view their ethnic identities and traditions as very important aspects of their
self-concept are more likely to date and/or marry out of their own groups.
a. True
b. False
73. Individualists are more likely to use a low-context verbal approach in initiating, maintaining,
and ending a close relationship.
a. True
b. False
74. The “Romeo and Juliet effect” occurs when families become overenthusiastic and
romanticize an interracial couple’s relationship.
a. True
b. False
75. An interracial couple whose coping strategy involves “normalizing” tries to withdraw as a
normal way to respond to racist insults.
a. True
b. False
Multiple Choice:
76. Joanna is an individualist, and so she considers whether to continue her relationship with a
romantic partner based on subjective emotional feelings and experiences. This reflects what
kind of commitment?
a. Emotional commitment
b. Voluntary commitment
c. Personal commitment
d. Structural commitment
77. As a collectivist, Jafaar’s relationship orientation is most likely to include which of the
following?
a. I-identity relationship expectations
b. Ingroup relationship pressures
c. An emphasis on personal privacy issues
d. Low-context direct messages
78. Jordan lives in the United States and has a white father and a Filipino mother. She identifies
with her mother’s heritage and minimizes her father’s heritage. Which identity form is Sonya
practicing?
a. Majority-group identifier
b. Minority-group identifier
c. Synthesizer
d. Disaffiliate
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79. A hallmark of intimacy is ______________ self-disclosure, which is an individual’s
willingness to reveal exclusive private information to a significant other.
a. high-breadth
b. deep-layered
c. autonomous
d. voluntary
80. ______________ means creating a favorable assessment by others so that others can either
be attracted to them or at least find them credible.
a. Interpersonal attraction
b. Voluntary commitment
c. Structural commitment
d. Impression formation
Chapter 11, “What Are the Communication Issues Facing a Global Identity?”
Match the following five terms with their respective definitions:
a. Spatial zone dialectics
b. Tribal pole
c. Gliding e.netizen
d. Solitude pole
e. Fixated e.netizen
d ___ 81. One end or pole of the spatial zone dialectic; the pull toward privacy
b ___ 82. One end or pole of the spatial zone dialectic; the need for shared communal space
a ___ 83. At the same time, individuals experience the solitude pole and the tribal pole
e ___ 84. Strong attachment to the Internet and having a solid e.netizen identity
c ___ 85. Minimal attachment to the Internet, which is viewed as a hobby or way to gather
information
Match the following e.netizen terms with their corresponding descriptions:
a. Explorers
b. Evolved
c. Engaged
d. Energized e. Exclusive
e ___ 86. Loyal to the Internet, their main connection to the world
b ___ 87. Comfortable borrowing identities
a ___ 88. As a consumer-based identity, in search of the next big thing
d ___ 89. Bored easily, so constant sensory stimulation is needed
c ___ 90. Valuing group efforts at decision making, sharing of opinions
True/False:
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91. The e.netizen identity is a combination of individualism and aspects of U.S. culture.
a. True
b. False
92. The e.net identity is partially shaped by popular culture.
a. True
b. False
93. The interfaced e.netizen identity has very strong attachments to the Internet and is
continuously connected to the Internet.
a. True
b. False
Multiple Choice:
94. The aspect of ____________ is reflected by the fact that Karen has access to the Internet
because she is a member of the U.S. middle-class, but Kiyo, who is from Burma, does not.
a. spatial zone dialectics
b. temporal zone dialectics
c. pop culture
d. privileged space
95. The aspect of ____________ is reflected by the fact that Luigi, who lives in a remote village
in the Italian Alps, carries a mobile cellular phone that uses the latest hip-hop music for ring
tones.
a. spatial zone dialectics
b. temporal zone dialectics
c. pop culture
d. normative culture
96. The ___________ identity is a composite identity that is shaped by technology, by popular
culture, and by mass consumption.
a. personal
b. e.netizen
c. global
d. local
97. For the e.net’er, spatial zone dialectics describes the tension between the __________ pole
and the ___________ pole.
a. solitude; tribal
b. popular culture; tradition
c. personal identity; social identity
d. monotrack; multitrack
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98. Lyle spends time on the Internet with chatroom friends while at the same time he is using the
Internet to listen to music and to pay his bills. He is experiencing which aspect of temporal
zone dialectics?
a. Monotrack focus
b. Multitrack focus
c. Global identity
d. Local identity
99. The _______________ e.net philosophy means that e.net individuals can fuse enjoyment of
the here-and-now moment with doing other task related activities.
a. monotrack focus
b. “being”
c. “doing”
d. “being-in-doing”
100. Lakota really enjoys feeling like he is alone at the same time he is communicating with
individuals across the globe via his computer. This experiencing of opposite tensions reflects
what aspect of the e.netizen identity?
a. Spatial zone dialectics
b. Temporal zone dialectics
c. Identity zone dialectics
d. Globalization dialectics
Chapter 12, “How Can We Become Ethical Intercultural Communicators?”
Match the following five terms with their respective definitions:
a. Ethical universalism
b. Meta-ethics
c. Meta-ethics contextualism
d. Ethical relativism
e. Ethical absolutism
a ___ 101. Emphasizes the importance of deriving universal ethical guidelines by placing ethical
judgments within the proper cultural context.
b ___ 102. The cultivation of an ethical way of thinking in our everyday lives that transcends any
particular ideological position.
e ___ 103. Emphasizes the principles of right and wrong in accordance with a set of universally
fixed standards regardless of cultural differences.
c ___ 104. Emphasizes the importance of understanding the problematic behavior from a layered
stance that peels away different layers of the ethical dilemma.
d ___ 105. Emphasizes the importance of understanding the cultural context in which the
problematic behavior is being judged.
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Match the following five terms with their respective definitions:
a. Parallel thinking
b. Perspective thinking
c. Colonial ethnocentrism
d. Universalistic value orientation
e. Particularistic value orientation
b ___ 106. Stepping into the mind-set—and “heart-set”—of the other cultural person viewing the
same event.
d ___ 107. Belief that a set of consistent rules should apply to all individuals, regardless of
relationship type or circumstances
a ___ 108. Substituting a global or local event with people in your own ingroup and then
checking whether you would still arrive at a similar attribution or experience a similar
emotional reaction.
e ___ 109. Belief that the nature of the relationship or the situation should guide decision
making.
c ___ 110. Those in dominant power positions in society impose their ethical standards on
nondominant groups.
True/False:
111. What is wrong in one cultural situation may be deemed as right in another culture.
a. True
b. False
112. What is right is always right in all cultures.
a. True
b. False
113. In ethical absolutism, the importance of cultural context is minimized.
a. True
b. False
114. In meta-ethics, a layered contextual perspective means that a particular perspective is
designated as the top “layer” and is used to make ethical judgments.
a. True
b. False
115. In the position of ethical relativism, when making judgments about others’ behavior, the
cultural context is not important.
a. True
b. False
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Multiple Choice:
116. When asked if she thought a certain behavior was right or wrong, Lourdes responded that in
order to decide, she would have to know the culture in which the behavior occurred,
indicating that Lourdes is operating from the _________________ position.
a. ethical absolutist
b. ethical relativist
c. ethical universalist
d. meta-ethical contextualist
117. _________________ is defined as the rights and privileges of dominant power groups that
can impose their ethical standards on other nondominant groups or powerless individuals.
a. Ethical relativism
b. Ethical universalism
c. Colonial ethnocentrism
d. Perspective thinking
118. Lars communicates effectively with dissimilar others. He retains the best of his cultural,
ethical, and other aspects of his identity, but he also has an open-minded attitude and uses
his culture-sensitive knowledge and skills to communicate. What concept does this reflect?
a. Colonial ethnocentrism
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Ethical universalism
d. Dynamic flexibility
119. Leanna believes that what is right is always right in all cultures and that treating each person
consistently across cultures means fairness. She is operating from which ethical position?
a. Ethical absolutism
b. Ethical relativism
c. Ethical universalism
d. Meta-ethical contextualism
120. The ethical stance that is an ideal to strive for, but that unfortunately is difficult to put into
practice because of the tendency for dominant groups to produce the guidelines by which
behaviors should be judged, is called ____________________.
a. ethical absolutism
b. ethical relativism
c. ethical universalism
d. meta-ethical contextualism