Chemical Compounds in
Living Things
Organic Chemistry
Water
• The Human Body is mostly water.
• Approximately 2/3-3/4 of the
human body by weight is water.
• Water carries nutrients, oxygen,
carbon dioxide and waste
products through the body in
solution.
Carbon
• Organic Basis of Life
• The chemical property of
carbon to bond covalently with
other carbons form many
types of structures.
Carbohydrates
• Examples
– Sugars
– Starch
– Glycogen
– Cellulose
– Composed of:
• C:H:O in a 1:2:1 ratio
• Use: For Energy!
Carbohydrates
• Provides most of body’s needed energy.
• Monosaccharides: simple sugars - form a ring
structure of 5, 6, or 7 carbons an also contain
an oxygen and a hydroxyl group
• Disaccharides: glucose, fructose and ribose
• Polysaccharides: starches - can be branched or
unbranched chains.
Structure of Carbohydrates
• Examples
Lipids
– Fat
– Wax
– Oil
– Composed of:
• C:H:O-but less O than
carbohydrates
Use: Insulation (warmth), energy
storage, makes up cell membrane
and protects organs.
Structure of Lipids
Proteins
• Examples
– Meat
– Dairy (milk, cheese, eggs, nuts)
– Composed of:
• C:H:O:N
• Use: muscle contraction, transport
oxygen, provides immunity, carry
out chemical reactions (enzymes and
hormones).
Nucleic Acids
• Examples
– DNA
– RNA
– Composed of:
– H:O:N:C+Phosphorus
• DNA use: carry out genetic
code
• RNA use: instruct the cell to
make proteins.
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