Saint John the Apostle
Catholic Parish and School
Altar Server Handbook
February 2017
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – What is an Altar Server
Page 3
Chapter 2 – Server Duties
Page 5
Chapter 3 – The Mass
Page 7
Chapter 4 – Baptism within the Mass
Page 13
Chapter 5 – Nuptial Mass (Weddings)
Page 14
Chapter 6 – Funeral Mass
Page 15
Chapter 7 – Benediction
Page 19
Chapter 8 – Stations of the Cross
Page 20
Chapter 9 – Incense feasts
Page 21
Chapter 10 – Miter and Crozier
Page 22
Chapter 11 – Church Articles
Page 24
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Chapter 1
What is an Altar Server?
An altar server is a lay assistant to a member of the clergy during a religious
service. An altar server attends to supporting tasks at the altar such as fetching and
carrying, ringing bells, setting up, cleaning up, and so on. Until 1983, only young men
whom the Church sometimes hoped to recruit for the priesthood and seminarians could
serve at the altar, and thus altar boy was the usual term until Canon 230 was changed
in the 1983 update to the Code of Canon which provided the option for local ordinaries
(bishops) to permit females to serve at the altar. The term altar server is now widely
used and accepted.
When altar servers were only young men and seminarians the term acolyte was
used. An acolyte is one of the instituted orders which is installed by a bishop. The title of
acolyte is still only given to men as it is historically a minor order of ordained ministry.
This term is now usually reserved for the ministry that all who are to be promoted to the
diaconate receives at least six months before being ordained a deacon (c. 1035).
Vestments
Altar servers wear a surplice over a cassock. According to the general rule of the
Latin (Roman) Rite a surplice should always be worn over a cassock. Traditionally, a
server wears the same color of cassock as the priest. Thus, a red cassock would be
worn if the pastor has that privilege. Black and red are the most common colors for a
server’s cassock. Servers do not wear a clerical collar.
In some churches, Catholic and others, servers may wear an alb and cincture, or
some other approved vestments based on local custom and approved by the local
church authority.
Dress and Behavior
Always remember, you are in service to the Lord and His people at the altar.
Nothing should call attention to you. Be an example to the congregation. Remember:
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Altar servers must stay attentive during the Mass and should remain in a state of
prayer with their hands in a prayer position unless holding something or sitting down.
Patience, tolerance, and calm are very important. Remember them at all times,
especially when serving with new servers who may need your assistance.
Take care of each other. Be selfless and take up the slack when necessary. Charity
is the proper attitude.
Appropriate attire is mandatory.
Your footwear is completely visible to the congregation. In light of this black shoes
are required for all servers, along with black socks. No skin is to be visible under the
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cassocks. Shoes may be casual or dress style. No sneakers, no sandals, no flipflops.
Girls’ styles should be in keeping with the dignity of the liturgy. Spike-heeled shoes
are not appropriate.
Even though your clothing is covered by a cassock and surplice for serving at the
altar it should still be appropriate for attending Mass.
When serving, light fabric clothing under your cassock and surplice will keep you
much more comfortable and prevent overheating.
Earrings may be worn by girls but must be in keeping with the dignity of the liturgy.
If inappropriate jewelry is worn the server will be asked to remove it for the liturgy.
No gum chewing at any time.
Remember to eat something light before the long, often warm services of Holy
Week. This will keep you from getting light-headed or nauseous. Eat early enough to
still observe the 1 hour fast before receiving communion.
Hair is to be properly groomed. Long hair is to be back and off the face and
shoulders. For girls, hair bands, ponytails, buns are all appropriate and acceptable
but must be plain black or white, without decoration.
Make-up is not necessary for serving at Mass. Stand-out colored eye shadows
and/or heavy mascara and make-up is not appropriate for Mass.
Remember you serve not to call attention to yourself, but to serve with dignity at the
altar and inspire the congregation to worship.
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Chapter 2 – Server Duties
We are of one mind and heart! We serve at the altar to add dignity to the Mass, assist
the priest in his service to God on behalf of the people, and to inspire the congregation
to worship by our actions. Therefore we will serve with responsibility, joy, love, dignity,
and respect for God and each other.
Duties are assigned by your captain before Mass. Below is a general description
of the duties and responsibilities.
Crucifer
 Carries the cross and typically leads the procession.
 Leads the offertory (preparation of the gifts) procession.
 Retrieves the pyx tray from the priest after communion.
Processional Candle Bearers
 Light and extinguish the altar candles.
 Carry the two candles in procession behind the cross for the entrance and exit
processions.
Book Bearer
 Holds the Roman Missal for the priest at the opening/closing prayers.
 Assists in altar set up/clean up.
 Rings bells for epiclesis and consecration.
Bell Ringer
 Responsible for the single 3 second bell ring at the epiclesis (priest’s hands over
chalice) and the triple ring for the elevations during consecration.
Thurifer
 Incense trained servers only; provide incense needed for entrance, gospel, offertory
procession, offertory, consecration, and recessional procession.
Vimpa Servers
 Used only when a bishop is present. These servers wear vimpa (see dictionary) and
are responsible for holding the bishop’s miter and crozier.
Preparation Duties:
 Arrive at least 15 minutes before Mass starts.
 Choose your size cassock and surplice from the closet. Cassocks should be down
to the top of your shoes. A surplice should be equal in length to the tip of your
fingers when your hand is at your side.
 Light the altar candles (and all necessary candles) with the torch.
 Be sure to bow to the tabernacle when crossing in front of it.
 If incense is being used also light the charcoals.
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Torch is located by the corner window behind the server chairs next to the thurible
stand. Matches or lighter should be there. Slide the wick up about ¼ inch. Light it.
Go to the sanctuary. Light the necessary candles. Slide wick down to put it out.
Remember to slide it back up so the wax doesn’t cement it inside the tube. Return it
to the corner. Go back to the commons.
Make sure roman missal (priest’s book) is in place at the server chair. Do not move
the ribbons.
Bring processional cross to the commons.
Assemble as a group by the memorial wall.
While waiting for Mass to begin keep unnecessary chit-chat to a minimum, an
attitude of prayer is most important. Remember people are trying to pray.
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Chapter 3 – The Mass
Introductory Rites
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Servers assemble for procession to the right of the baptismal font. The cantor will
read the call to worship. Assemble as follows:
Thurifer
Crucifer
Candle bearers
Other servers two-by-two
Gospel book
Deacons
Priests
(Bishop)
(Vimpa) (Vimpa)
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When the music begins the thurifer and crucifer start (slowly) down the aisle.
Remember dignity is everything; you are processing to the altar of God.
As the procession reaches the foot of the sanctuary the servers divide as follows:
Sanctuary Steps
Candle Bearer
Deacon Priest
Server, Server, Server
(front pew left)
Candle Bearer
Crucifer Thurifer
(front pew right)
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The candle bearers wait for the deacon with the book of the gospel before going up
the steps. Once the deacon arrives at the steps, all three go up together. Servers
place their candles on the candle posts and all three return to the foot of the steps
together.
 Clergy will genuflect if you are not carrying anything you genuflect. If you are
carrying something, bow your head to the altar when the priest and deacons
genuflect.
 Exit slowly to the right and go to your pew.
 Remain standing until the liturgy of the word.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If there is a thurifer he/she ascends the side steps behind the ambo (ambo) and
stands at the corner of the altar waiting for the priest or deacon to take the
incense.
 Thurifer steps back and waits behind the ambo by its step.
 When priest/deacon is finished with the incense thurifer steps forward, receives
thurible from them, bows, returns the thurible to the stand by the window, and
goes to their chair (remain standing).
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The book bearer picks up the book and holds it so it rests against your chest. Pay
attention to the Mass. Be ready to take the book to the priest for the opening prayer
Listen to the “Gloria”. Towards the end you will hear the words, “for you alone are
the holy one, you alone are the Lord.” When you hear these words, (or before if
priest desires it) take the Roman Missal over to the Priest.
As you cross in front of the tabernacle turn to the tabernacle, bow to Jesus in the
tabernacle and continue over to the priest.
Then step in front of the priest so he can read the prayer.
When the priest is finished, give a slight bow to Father, and turn with dignity to return
to your chair. Bow as you cross in front of the tabernacle.
All sit for the liturgy of the word.
Liturgy of the Word
 All servers remain sitting in their chairs for the readings.
 Stand for the gospel acclamation and the gospel.
 Sit for the homily. No talking. Stay attentive and respectful.
 Stand for the creed and general intercessions.
 Do not sit down after the general intercessions.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- When the gospel acclamation (Alleluia) begins, thurifer takes the thurible and
boat, ascends the side steps behind the ambo and wait for the deacon to come
to the ambo (If a bishop is present take the incense directly to the bishop. He will
put the incense on the coals. Then take your place by the ambo).
 The deacon will enter the ambo and say “The Lord be with you…..”, then he will
turn and come to you.
 Hand him the incense boat. He will load the thurible with incense.
 He will incense the Gospel book then return the thurible to you.
 Receive it and remain in place until the Gospel is over and has been enthroned
on the stand in front of the ambo.
 Return the thurible to its place by the window.
 Return to your seat for the homily.
 Do yourself a favor and check the coals when the homily is over. Sometimes
they burn out or get close to burning out. Incense is still needed for the offertory,
consecration, and recessional procession. Light another coal if you feel it
necessary.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Liturgy of the Eucharist
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When the hymn begins for the preparation of the gifts and altar (offertory) the book
bearer will take the Roman Missal to the credence table, along with a 2nd server who
will carry the book stand. Place it on the left side of the altar so that the priest can
read from it.
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Other servers begin setting up the altar in pairs (two-by-two) in accordance with
figure 1. Remember to bow when you arrive at the altar and before you leave it.
The crucifer takes the cross from the stand and processes up the center aisle to the
baptismal font, remains center, and turns to face the sanctuary awaiting the
assembly of the gift bearers. If incense is used the thurifer leads.
When the altar is completely set assemble in a line at the credence table waiting for
the priest to leave his chair.
When the priest is ready to receive the gifts he will come to the center aisle at the
foot of the altar. At that time the crucifer begins procession of the gifts to the altar.
When he does, the server closest to the tabernacle steps in front of the tabernacle,
bows to it, and crosses to the choir side of the altar and joins the assembly on the
steps.
Pyx Tray
Altar Cross
Ciboria
+
Roman Missal & Stand
Corporal
Chalice & Paten
Chalices
+
Purificators
Figure 1
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The remaining servers walk straight forward between the ambo and altar and take
their place to the left of the priest.
When the crucifer arrives arrive in front of the priest, pause (priest and servers will
bow to the cross), then continue over to the cross stand, place the cross on its stand
and join your fellow servers.
The server that receives the water and wine goes to the choir side of the altar. Wait
there with the water and wine until the deacon utilizes them and returns them to you.
Bow to the deacon and take the cruets to the credence table.
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The servers who receive the ciboria and any other items that may be handed to
them place those items on the extended corporal according to figure 1, and return to
the credence table and wait.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- When the General Intercessions end and the priest and congregation sit down,
put a few grains in on the coals, take the thurible and boat and lead the crucifer
up the center aisle to the baptismal font, remain center, and turn to face the
sanctuary awaiting the assembly of the gift bearers.
 Sway the thurible gently. When the priest is ready to receive the gifts he will
come to the center aisle at the foot of the altar. When you see him there begin
the procession of the gifts to the altar. Remember the thurifer is in front of the
cross for all processions.
 When you arrive in front of the priest, bow to the priest and take the thurible and
boat to your place behind the ambo, gently swing the thurible so the coals don’t
burn out, and wait there for the priest or deacon.
 After the water and wine are prepared the priest or deacon will come to take the
incense from you. Remain in place behind the ambo and stay alert.
 When the incensing is finished the thurible will be returned to you. Bow to the
priest or deacon who returned it, reverently turn and return the thurible.
 The priest will now wash his hands.
 Remain at the thurible stand. It is only a minute or so before you have to take it
again to the front steps for the consecration.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Two servers, one with water and bowl in hand, and the other with towel return to the
left side of the altar (note, if incense is used the priest will not wash his hands until
that is complete). Wait there until the priest places his hands in the bowl. Pour the
water over his fingers. Give him the towel. Priest will dry his hands and return the
towel to you. Then bow to the priest and return the items to the credence table
 When all is complete, as a group reverently return to your chairs in an orderly
dignified manner. Remain standing, hands folded in prayer.
The Preface, Consecration, and Communion
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Remain standing reverently at your chairs for the Preface and through the “Holy,
Holy”.
 When the “Holy, Holy” is finished all servers kneel on the steps. Hands remain
folded in prayer. Stay alert and attentive.
 Ringing of the sanctuary bells: Watch the priests hand actions. 3 second bell ring at
the epiclesis (priest’s hands over chalice) and the triple ring for the elevations during
consecration.
 Remain kneeling until after the “Great Amen” and the Lord’s Prayer.
 After the Lord’s Prayer is the Sign of Peace. Do not walk to the pews. Remain in
your place and give the sign of peace to your fellow serves only.
 Remain in place and recite or sing the Lamb of God with the congregation.
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While the “Holy, Holy” is being sung or said, the thurifer places a few grains of
incense onto the coals, and reverently goes to the front of the altar and kneels on
the bottom step. Remember that the kneeling doesn’t happen until the “Holy,
Holy” is over. So if you get there before it ends remain standing until it is
finished.
 Do not take the boat with you. You won’t need it. You’ve already put the grains of
incense on the coals.
 At the raising of the Host give 3 swings of 3 (be sure the thurible hits the chain.
The clanking of the chain is a trademark of incensing properly).
 At the raising of the Chalice give 3 swings of 3.
 Remain kneeling in place until the Great Amen has been sung.
 Stand up with the people (after the Great Amen). Bow to the altar.
 Return the thurible to its stand and join your fellow servers.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stand respectfully and attentively with hands folded in prayer. Wait in place until the
priest brings you communion. When the priest reached you, give a respectful head
bow and receive communion in the usual manner. Remember to say “AMEN”.
 Once you have received and the Eucharist Ministers have gone to their assigned
spots, kneel on the side steps. Remember no talking.
 Servers will take the water cruet and place it on the right side of the altar, remove
the Roman Missal and its stand from the altar and return it to its place at the
credence table. Then return to kneeling on the steps.
 All servers remain kneeling respectfully and hands folded in prayer until distribution
to the congregation is completed.
 After the deacon or priest places the Eucharist back into the tabernacle the servers
stand and go in pairs (two by two) to the ambo side of the altar, bow, and wait for the
deacon to finish the ablutions. Return items back to the credence table. Do this two
by two until all the vessels have been returned to the credence table. Place your
items neatly on the credence table.
 Remember to bow each time you approach the altar and when you leave it, and take
no more than 2 objects at a time.
 If necessary the priest will take the pyx tray from the altar, go to the corner steps in
front of the ambo, give the pyxes to the ministers, and bless them. The crucifer will
go and stand off the steps even with the front of the ambo. When finished the priest
will turn and hand the tray to the server. Place the pyx tray on the credence table.
Return to your seat. Hands folded.
 All servers sit when the priest sits.
Concluding Rites and Recessional
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Stand when the priest does. The book bearer takes the Roman Missal over to the
priest at his chair in the usual manner. Don’t forget to bow when crossing in front of
the tabernacle.
The priest will say the final prayer (s); give the final blessing and the sending forth.
Return the Roman Missal to its place at your chair.
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When the final hymn begins (or immediately if there is no hymn) servers form the
recessional (exit) procession.
 Crucifer takes the cross and takes position 3 (or more) pews down the aisle.
 Candle bearers go to the front sanctuary step, bow, ascend the steps, take the
candles, and go stand behind the cross in the aisle. Do not bow or genuflect while
holding the candles.
 All other servers follow to the center aisle.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If incense is used, the thurifer leads this procession. Remember to put incense
on the coals.
 If it is a special occasion with many servers, the lead stops at 4th or 5th pew to
give enough room behind for all. Use your good judgment.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- When you’ve reached the 3rd, or more, pew, all turn and face the altar, and wait for
the clergy to come to the bottom step.
 Crucifer, candles, and thurifer bow your heads with the clergy.
 All others genuflect with the clergy.
 All pivot to the RIGHT and begin the procession out.
 Process reverently and in an unhurried manner.
 When the procession reaches the baptismal font, servers line up against the wall in
front of the ambry)
 The priest will bow and say: “Prosit” (pronounced proh-sit) (translated: “It is
profitable/beneficial/good)”
 Servers bow and answer: “Omnibus et singulis” (pronounced “ohm-nee-boos et
sing-oo-lees”) (translated: “for one and all”).
 Post Mass (after the final hymn is complete):
 When the blessing is finished return cross, extinguished candles, thurible, and
whatever else you may have to its proper place.
 Make sure all other altar candles are extinguished.
 Make sure the thurible is safely emptied in the used charcoal bin out back. Do not
discard coals anywhere but in the bin out back.
 Hang up your cassocks and surplices neatly in the closet. Cassocks on the black
hangers. Surplices on the white hangers. Captains, it is your responsibility to ensure
this is done properly.
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Chapter 4 – Baptisms within the Mass
The family of the baptized are seated in the front center pews on the Ambo side.
Serving Mass with baptisms is the same as a regular Mass with slight variations in the
processions.
Required articles: The baptism team will handle those items needed for the baptism.
Arrival Duties:
In addition to normal pre-Mass duties ensure the paschal candle is
lit.
The Entrance Procession:
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Servers assemble as for a regular entrance procession but turn to face the baptismal
font. Father will do the introductory rite at the font. When that is finished and the
music begins servers turn and process down the aisle in the usual manner.
After reaching your chairs, the book bearer takes the Roman Missal and goes
immediately to the priest for the opening prayer. Mass follows as usual until after
the homily.
Procession to the Font (immediately following the homily):
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Crucifer takes the cross and goes slowly down the center aisle followed immediately
by the other servers and then the families. Do not stop or turn around. Process
slowly directly to the font.
When you reach the font take your place near the ambry and wait for instruction
from the baptism coordinator. You will have to hand oils, etc., to the priest, or hold
things. Simply follow the coordinator’s instructions. Remain at the font for the entire
baptismal ceremony.
Offertory Procession:
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After the baptisms, when the music begins, all servers, except the crucifer, process
up the center aisle to the altar and proceed immediately to set-up the altar in the
usual manner.
The crucifer remains at the baptismal font, centered in the usual manner for the
offertory procession. When ready, process to the foot of the altar for the
presentation of the gifts in the usual manner.
Mass continues in the usual manner.
Recessional:
 The baptismal families will follow the servers down the center aisle for the exit
procession.
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Chapter 5 – Nuptial Mass (Wedding)
In the Roman Catholic Church weddings can be performed during a Mass, called
a nuptial Mass, or outside a Mass in what is called a nuptial ceremony. Nuptial Masses
require a priest while nuptial ceremonies may be done by a priest or deacon. No
servers are needed for a nuptial ceremony outside of Mass. 1-2 Altar servers are
needed for a Wedding with a Mass. For servers, Masses with Weddings entail no
additional duties but do make changes to the entrance and exit processions.
Pre-Mass: Regular duties (light candles, etc.).
Entrance Procession:
 In some parishes the clergy and servers will process in leading the bridal party. This
however is dependent on the priest. Different priests may have different
processional formats. There is no set format for this procession in the rubrics.
 Note: here at SJA, the servers and clergy do not process in.
 Instead, when it is time to begin, the server goes down the side aisle and takes
his/her place standing at their pew. The priest will come to the center of the
sanctuary and the Bridal party will process in.
 After the welcome, greeting, and prayer by the priest, Mass continues in the usual
manner.
The Wedding Ritual: This ritual takes place immediately following the homily. The
server(s) remain seated at their pews. No additional duties (although some priests may
want you to go with them if they wish to use holy water during the ritual).
Offertory/Altar Set-up: When the wedding ritual is ended, set-up the altar as usual.
Take cross back for offertory procession as usual. Mass continues in the usual manner.
Recessional: Servers do not process out. Servers remain at their pews until the bridal
party has exited the church.
Post Mass: Regular post Mass duties (extinguish candles, etc.).
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Chapter 6 – Funeral Mass
Additions from a standard Mass are the reception of the body at the beginning
and the final commendation at the end. Everything in between is the same as regular
Mass.
Required Articles: Incense, cross, and holy water.
Arrival Duties:
Light the sanctuary candles, paschal candle, have holy water, and
incense prepared, and cross to commons.
Reception of the Body and Procession to the Altar:
 The funeral begins with the reception of the body and the placing of the pall at the
back of the church.
 Cross, book, servers, line up for procession beginning at the 4th pew from the rear
and face the baptismal font.
 Book, holy water, incense, will be closest to the font.
 When the reception of the body is complete, the music will begin.
 The procession proceeds to the altar in the usual manner.
 Servers bow or genuflect in the usual manner and go to your seats.
 Book bearer immediately takes the book to the priest for the opening prayer.
Liturgy of the Word:
 Servers are seated for the Readings in the usual manner.
 No incense at the gospel.
 Mass continues in the usual manner:
 No pyx tray at set-up.
Final Commendation and Recessional:
 After communion and clean-up, the body is blessed, incensed, and taken away for
burial. This takes place at the foot of the altar in front of the casket.
 After the prayer after communion, cross, book and server go up the main aisle to the
5th pew and line up like for procession. Turn and face the altar.
 Incense and holy water stand in front of the first pew. Priest will use these items
during the final commendation. Simply wait for him to signal for them.
 When final commendation is complete, music will begin. Wait until those in charge
of handling the casket or ostensorium are in place around it, the turn and begin the
slow procession out.
Post Mass:
 Extinguish altar and paschal candles; put away holy water, extinguish incense coals
in the usual manner; cross back in its stand.
Funeral with Cremains
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History:
When a person dies the body is often referred to as “remains”, since the soul has
gone back to God and the body stays, remains, on earth for burial. A person’s remains
may be buried in tact in bodily form or may be cremated (burned) and buried in ash
form. Cremains are the ashes of a person’s body after cremation. The term
“cremation” itself is from the Latin “cremationem” which means “to be consumed by fire”.
Although a slang term, “cremains” has come into common use to define the
remains of a person who has been cremated. Like full bodies in caskets, cremains may
be interred (buried, laid to rest) either in the ground or in a suitable place above ground.
When bodies in caskets are interred above ground the place is called a “mausoleum”.
This term is taken from the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus which is the tomb of King
Mousolus, the ancient governor of Caria in Persia (modern-day Bodrum in Turkey).
When cremains are interred above ground that place is called a “columbarium”.
The term comes from the Latin “columba” meaning “dove” and originally referred to
small compartments used for housing doves. If you look at our columbarium you will
see that it is a wall with many small compartments.
Server Rubrics:
 Funeral Mass with cremains is the same as one with a body except that there is no
reception of the body at the door of the church. Everything else is the same.
Funerals with a Bishop
This is a regular funeral Mass with a bishop presiding. Additions from a standard
Mass are the Reception of the Body at the beginning and the Final Commendation at
the end. Everything in between is the same as regular Mass with a bishop. Remember,
these rubrics apply only to the presiding bishop. All other bishops present take care of
their own miters.
Needed: Lead (M.C.), incense, cross, book, holy water, miter, crozier, wing
server
Reception of the Body and Procession to the Altar:
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The funeral begins with the reception of the body and the placing of the pall at the
back of the church.
Cross, book, servers, line up for procession beginning at the 4th pew from the rear
and will face the baptismal font.
Book, holy water, thurifer, miter, and crozier will be closest to the font.
When the reception of the body is complete, the music will begin.
Thurifer will go in front of the cross; crozier and miter are last and process behind
the bishop.
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The procession proceeds to the altar in the usual manner.
At the Foot of the Altar:
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Servers line up in the usual manner against the pews.
Crozier and miter remain center and ready to receive these items from the bishop.
Receive the miter and crozier, bow with the clergy, and take them with you to your
seats.
Remaining servers bow or genuflect in the usual manner and go to your seats.
Book bearer immediately takes the book to the bishop for the opening prayer.
Miter will follow the book bearer and stand near the bishop’s chair.
After the opening prayer the bishop will put the miter on for the readings.
Book and miter bow to the bishop and return to your chairs.
Liturgy of the Word:

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
Servers are seated for the readings in the usual manner.
At the gospel acclamation, thurifer with boat goes to the bishop for the blessing of
the incense. Have this ready before the acclamation begins.
The bishop will place the incense into the thurifer. Thurifer goes and stands near the
ambo as usual.
Crozier and miter follow thurifer and stand near the bishop’s chair.
After the bishop blesses the incense and the deacon, he will hand off his miter and
take the crozier.
Bow to the bishop and return to your chairs. Remain standing for the gospel.
After the gospel, miter and crozier go to the bishop. He will put on the miter and
return the crozier. Bow to bishop and return to your place.
Liturgy of the Eucharist:
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Altar is prepared (set up) in the usual manner (no pyx tray).
After the altar is set, miter goes over to the bishop to take the miter.
Take the miter with you to your chair and remain standing.
Miter and crozier do not go to the foot of the altar for the receiving of the gifts.
Crucifer to the back as usual. All others in the usual manner.
If the bishop wishes incense for offertory it is done in the usual manner.
If not, thurifer makes sure coals are hot and sufficient for consecration.
Mass continues as usual with incense at the consecration.
Communion in the usual manner.
2nd Lavabo (hand washing)
 After the bishop has finished distributing communion the same servers who did the
hand washing at the offertory take the bowl, water, and towel to the bishops for a
second lavabo, then return the items to the credence table and return to your place.
17



Thurifer makes sure coals are sufficient and hot for the final commendation.
Altar cleanup takes place in the usual manner.
When communion is complete and the tabernacle has closed, miters goes to the
bishop immediately, bow to him, give it to him, bow to him again and return to your
seat.
Final Commendation and Recessional:
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This is the last part of a funeral Mass. The body is blessed, incensed, and taken
away for burial.
It takes place at the foot of the altar in front of the casket.
After the prayer after communion, crucifer, book and server go up the main aisle to
the 5th pew and line up like for procession. Turn and face the altar.
Miter and crozier stay behind the bishop. He will hand off both items when he gets
to the casket. (Or he might do this in the sanctuary after the closing prayer.
Lead, thurifer and holy water stand in front of the first pew. Bishop will use these
items during the final commendation. Simply wait for him to signal for them.
When final commendation is complete bishop will signal for his miter and crozier.
Lead and thurifer then go in front of the cross.
Book, holy water, line up behind the cross in the usual manner.
Procession goes out in the usual manner.
Line up at the ambry as usual.
Holy water may be required by the celebrant.
Always keep your hands folded in prayer when not in use, especially when
kneeling, but not when sitting. Always bow before the bishop when taking items to him
or after receiving them from him. Always bow to the tabernacle when passing in front of
it before the offertory and after communion. The bishop’s miter can rest on a chair
when not in use. The crozier will be either continually held by the crozier bearer or
leaned against the wall by the cross.
18
Chapter 7 – Benediction
The word “benediction” means “a blessing”. It is the closing ritual usually to a
period of adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. The benediction ceremony consists of
an opening hymn (usually “Tantum Ergo Sacramentum”), incensing of the Blessed
Sacrament, the actual blessing, the Divine Praises, and a closing hymn (usually “Holy
God, We Praise Thy Name”). The ritual requires at least one server but two is preferred.
Required articles: Thurible and boat, stand, kneeling pads, and humeral veil.
Arrival Duties:
Light the charcoal and vest in cassock and surplice. Get the
humeral veil and place over the 1st pew.
The Ceremony:
 Bring thurible and boat to the back of the church.
 Priest/deacon and servers process and assemble at the foot of the altar where the
Blessed Sacrament is exposed and kneel down.
 When ready the priest/deacon will place incense into the thurible and incense the
Blessed Sacrament while kneeling. Bow with the priest/deacon before and after the
incensing.
 Priest/deacon will say a prayer.
 At the end of the prayer the server retrieves the humeral veil and holds it open with
the claps ready to place it on the priest/deacon’s shoulders.
 Place the humeral veil around his shoulders placing the clasps one in each of his
hands (make sure the outside of the veil is facing you).
 Priest/deacon will ascend to the Blessed Sacrament (monstrance).
 While he ascends, server takes thurible and kneels in center of the step.
 Priest/deacon will bless the people with the Blessed Sacrament.
 While he is blessing, server incenses the monstrance until it is placed again onto the
altar. Server leaves center stairs and returns to original kneeling spot and put down
the censer.
 Priest/deacon will then come back down. Take the humeral veil from the
priest/deacon’s shoulders, fold it neatly, return it to its place, and kneel next to the
priest/deacon.
 The Divine Praises are prayed. After the divine praises, remain in your place,
priest/deacon will go to the monstrance, take the Blessed Sacrament (luna) out and
place it into the tabernacle.
 When he returns to the steps, stand up, the hymn will start.
 Priest/deacon and server with incense bow or genuflect to the altar and process out
up the main aisle. If you’re carrying the incense, bow.
 Post Benediction Duties: Deposit charcoal into the receptacle out back. Extinguish
any sanctuary candles. If necessary return humeral veil to its storage place. Hang
your vestments up neatly in the closet.
19
Chapter 8 – Stations of the Cross
Required articles: Cross and candles.
Arrival Duties:
Arrive 15 minutes prior. Light the 2 carrying candles (located in the
Work Sacristy in the cabinet to the left of the sink, on the bottom
shelf) and take them to the commons. Assemble in the commons in
the same area as for Mass.
Entrance:
 When hymn begins assemble and process down the middle aisle as follows:
(Sanctuary)
Candle
Cross
Candle
Priest or Deacon
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When you get to the front pew, stay in the above formation, bow to the altar, turn
right and stop half way down the pew, face the altar.
Priest/deacon will continue to the foot of the sanctuary steps for the opening prayers.
When prayers are done and music begins again turn to your right
Crucifer goes first followed by the 2 candles.
Process to the side in front of the 1st station (columbarium side of church).
Crucifer, use your judgment and position yourself between the 1st and 2nd stations.
Candle bearers follow.
All turn and face the priest/deacon.
Crucifer and candle bearers do not genuflect at each station.
Stations of the Cross:
 When the prayers of that station are finished. Music will start.
 Crucifer and candles turn and proceed to the next station.
 Continue the same for all the stations remaining in the side aisles.
 The 14 stations will wind around the church walls all the way over through the wing
by the organ
 After the 14th station the crucifer and candles pivot and process to the center aisle
of the church.
 Align yourself with the 1st pew with the cross in the middle and the candles on either
side of it. Just like you were for the entrance.
 Pivot and face the sanctuary.
 Priest/deacon will say the final and closing prayers.
 Music will start. Pivot and process out.
 Post Stations Duties: Extinguish candles and place them back in the work sacristy.
Place cross back in its stand. Hang your vestments up neatly in the closet.
20
Chapter 9 – Incense Feasts
Here at St. John’s we use incense on the following Solemnities, Feasts, and Holy
Days.
1. Christ the King
2. Christmas
3. Epiphany
4. Holy Thursday (Mass of the Lord’s Supper)
5. Holy Saturday (Solemn Easter Vigil)
6. Easter
7. Corpus Christi
8. Trinity Sunday
21
Chapter 10 – Miter and Crozier General Rubrics
(Bishop at Pontifical Masses)
Entrance Rite:
 Procession:
 Veneration of the Altar:
 After Opening Prayer:
Miter and Crozier ON
Miter and Crozier OFF
Miter only ON
Liturgy of the Word:
 Readings, Blessing of Incense and deacon of the word: Miter ON
 The blessing of the deacon takes place after the placing of the incense.
 Gospel:
Miter OFF
Crozier ON
 Homily:
Miter ON
Crozier OFF
 Crozier remains OFF until after the closing prayer.
 If bishop is preaching he may wish to use the crozier as well. If bishop is not
preaching, crozier is off after the gospel and the bishop remains seated in miter for
the homily.
Liturgy of the Eucharist:
 Preparation of the Altar:
Miter ON
 Actual Offertory prayers:
Miter OFF and remains off until after communion.
 Canon and Anaphora: Zucchetto OFF and remains off until after communion.
Concluding Rite:
 Prayer
 Final Blessing
 Recessional procession:
Zucchetto and Miter ON
Miter and Crozier ON
Miter and Crozier ON
(Funeral with a Bishop as Main Celebrant)
Reception of the Body (at the entrance to the church)
 Reception of the Body and Placing of the Pall:
Miter and Crozier ON
 If bishop is the one performing the reception of the body he may hand off the crozier.
If so return it to him for the procession to the altar.
Entrance Rite
 Procession:
 Veneration of the Altar:
 After Opening Prayer:
Miter and Crozier ON
Miter and Crozier OFF
Miter only ON
Liturgy of the Word
 Readings, Blessing of Incense and deacon of the Word: Miter ON
 The blessing of the deacon takes place after the blessing and placing of the incense.
 Gospel: Miter OFF
Crozier ON
22
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Homily: Miter ON
If bishop is preaching he may wish to use the crozier as well. If bishop is not
preaching, crozier is off after the gospel and the bishop remains seated in miter for
the homily.
Crozier remains OFF until after the Final Commendation.
Liturgy of the Eucharist
 Preparation of the Altar:
 Actual Offertory prayers:
 Canon and Anaphora:
 Prayer after Communion:
Miter ON
Miter OFF and remains off until after communion.
Zucchetto OFF and remains off until after communion.
Zucchetto and Miter ON
Final Commendation and Recessional
 Procession to the Casket:
Miter On
 Commendation and Incensing:
Miter OFF
 Recessional procession:
Miter and Crozier ON
23
Chapter 11 – Church Articles
Advent Wreath
A circle of greens with 3 purple candles and one rose candle used to mark the 4 weeks
of preparation proceeding the Christmas season. “Advent” means “coming”. The circle
reminds us of eternity while the evergreens and candles remind us of the persistence of
life in the midst of winter. One purple candle is lit successively each week, with the rose
being added on the 3rd week symbolizing the anticipation of the church rejoicing. The
3rd Sunday of Advent is called “Gaudate Sunday”, “We rejoice”.
_______________
Alb
Long, white, linen tunic worn by clerics since the 4th century A.D. The name comes
from the Latin “albus”, meaning “white”.
_______________
Altar
Table-like structure on which the Mass is celebrated. It is symbolic of the Lord’s burial
slab in the tomb. The altar may contain relics of a saint. Traditionally the altar faces
east.
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Altar Bells
An altar or sanctus bell is typically a small hand-held bell or set of bells. The primary the
use of sanctus/altar bell(s) is to create a joyful noise to the Lord as a way to give thanks
for the miracle taking place atop the Altar of Sacrifice. With the Council of Trent (see
“Council of Trent”), Mass was said in Latin with the priest facing the altar, not the
people. And several Masses were celebrated at the same time on different altars
throughout a church. The bell(s) were used to signal to those present when the
consecration was taking place at each altar.
24
Altar Cloth
A cloth that covers the entire top of the altar; sometimes hanging over the sides. Usually
made of white linen and often decorated.
_______________
Altar Linens
There are several linen cloths used for different purposes all under the category of altar
linens. They are: altar Cloth, Antependium, Burse, Chalice Veil, Corporal, Lavabo
Towel, and Purificator. See all named here.
_______________
Ambo
The Ambon or Ambo (Greek: Άμβον, meaning, "step”) is a projection coming out from
the walkway directly in front of the sanctuary. It may be either rounded or square and
has one, two, or three steps leading up to it. Originally, the Ambon was positioned in
the center of the nave. It was an elevated platform where the scriptures were read.
Catholic churches today often mistakenly refer to the Ambo (see “Ambo”) or Lectern
(see “Lectern”) as the “Ambo”.
_______________
Ambry
Located in the sanctuary or the baptistery area of a church building, the ambry is where
the Holy Oils (see Holy Oils) are kept. The ambry may be a cabinet secured to a wall, or
an enclosed niche. Regulations require that the Ambry be secure and locked.
25
Amice
The amice is a liturgical vestment consisting of a white cloth connected to two long
ribbon-like attachments, by which it is fastened around the shoulders of the priest.
Before the liturgical reforms of 1972, its use was mandatory for all Roman Catholic
Masses, but it is only required today if the alb does not cover the priest’s ordinary
clothing. Many priests choose to wear the amice for reasons of tradition or to prevent
damage to their other vestments due to perspiration.
_______________
Antependium
Latin for “to hang before"; more commonly known as a hanging, or, when speaking
specifically of the hanging for the altar, an altar frontal. It is a decorative piece of
material that can adorn an altar, lectern, ambo, or table. An antependium hangs down in
front of whatever it covers, and is to be distinguished from the altar linens which are
used in the service of the Mass, and an altar cloth which covers the top of the altar
table.
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Aspergillum
A liturgical implement used to sprinkle holy water. It comes in two common forms: a
brush that is dipped in the water and shaken, and a perforated ball at the end of a short
handle. Some have sponges or internal reservoirs that dispense holy water when
shaken, while others must periodically be dipped in an aspersorium (holy water bucket).
_______________
Aspersorium
A small bucket or vessel for holding Holy Water used for sprinkling during services.
26
Baptismal Font An article of church furniture or a fixture used for the baptism of children and adults.
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Bishop
A bishop is an ordained consecrated member of the clergy who is entrusted with a
position of authority, namely the running of a diocese. He claims lineage back to the 12
Apostles. See “Episcopate”
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Burse
A flat cloth case used for carrying the corporal during Mass.
_______________
Candle
A solid block of fuel (commonly wax) with an embedded wick which is lit to provide light.
A symbol of the light of Christ.
Candle Holder
Also known as a “candelabrum”; a holder for one or more candles.
27
Candle Torch
A devise with an extendable wick and a snuffer attached to a handle; used for lighting
and extinguishing candles.
_______________
Cassock
Full length, long sleeved robe worn by clerics and other church ministers. Usually
black, red, or white in color.
_______________
Cathedra
Latin for “chair”, it is an elaborate chair or throne of a bishop, usually found in
cathedrals, symbolizing his authority. Some churches may have a separate, elaborate
throne for visits of the bishop.
_______________
Cathedral
A Christian church that contains the cathedra, or seat of the bishop. The cathedral, like
the cathedra, symbolizes the bishop’s authority.
28
Censer
Any type of vessel made for the burning of incense. see “Thurible”
_______________
Chalice
From the Latin “calix”, meaning “cup”, it is used by the priest at Mass. It is symbolic of
the cup used by the Lord at the Last Supper.
_______________
Chalice Veil
This veil covers the chalice and paten when not actually in use on the altar. The veil will
usually be of the same material and color as the priest's vestments, though it may
always be white.
_______________
Chasuble
The outermost vestment worn by the priest for the celebration of Mass. Two styles are
in use in the Catholic Church, the Gothic style we usually see today, and the Fiddle
Back style used in the Tridentine Mass.
29
Ciborium
Lidded cup used for distribution of Holy Communion and the reservation of consecrated
hosts in the tabernacle.
_______________
Cincture
Long, rope-like cord with tasseled or knotted ends tied around the waist outside the alb.
Used only during liturgical services.
_______________
Confessional
A place used for the Sacrament of Reconciliation (Confession). It may be a room or
small enclosure.
_______________
Cope
A very long cloak open in front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may
be of any liturgical color.
_______________
Corporal
From the Latin “corpus”, meaning “body”; a square linen cloth on which is placed the
Body and Blood of Christ during Mass or Benediction. A small corporal can also be
found inside the tabernacle. It symbolizes the burial shroud of Christ.
30
Consecration
That part of the Mass when the priest uses the words of Christ from the Last Supper to
change the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus.
_______________
Credence Table
Side table in the sanctuary of a Christian church; from the Latin “credentis”, meaning
“believer”; it holds the vessels, bread, wine, water, etc, that will be used in the
celebration of the Mass. In the early church the people, the believers, brought the
bread, wine, and water that would become the Body and Blood of Christ, and placed it
on this table. Hence the name “Credence (Believer’s) Table”.
_______________
Cross
Originating in the Stone Age this symbol has been used by many religions as a symbol
of faith. It became the Christian faith symbol after Jesus was crucified on a cross during
the time of the Roman Empire. The figure consists of a vertical and horizontal beam
intersecting each other. A body is not shown on a cross symbol. See “crucifix”.
_______________
Crozier
The staff carried by Bishops and Abbots. Often resembling a shepherd’s crook, it is one
of three symbols of authority in the Church (see “episcopal ring” and “miter”). The
Bishop is chief shepherd of his Diocese as Christ is chief shepherd over His church.
31
Crucifix
From the Latin “cruci fixus”, that is, “one fixed to a cross”, it is a cross adorned with a
figure of the crucified Christ.
_______________
Episcopal Ring
A symbol of having been ordained to the Episcopate (Office of Bishop). It symbolizes
the mystical marriage of the Bishop to his Church.
_______________
Epistle
From the Greek ἐπιστολή, epistolē, 'letter', this is the 2nd Reading at the Mass taken
from the New Testament letters written to the people by the Apostles.
_______________
Eucharist
From Greek (χαριστία (eucharistia), means "thanksgiving". It is also called Holy
Communion, Sacrament of the Table, the Blessed Sacrament, or The Lord's Supper,
and other names. The Eucharistic Liturgy is known as “The Mass”.
32
Font
A vessel or fixture in a church usually used to hold Holy Water; ex. Holy Water font
found at the entrances of churches, or Baptismal Font.
_______________
Gospel Book
Also known as the Book of the Gospels, it contains all the Sunday and Holy Day Gospel
readings for the liturgical year.
_______________
Holy Eucharist
Term used for the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. May also refer to the Mass.
_______________
Holy Oils
In Latin “Olea Sancta”, the blessing of oils is performed by the bishop of each diocese
on Holy Thursday in the diocese's cathedral during a "Chrism Mass." The oils are kept
in metal or glass bottles called "chrismatories," "chrismals," or "ampullae." These
vessels are then stored in a cabinet called an "ambry". Priests also have a portable
"oilstock" which has a section for each of the three holy oils. Lay people are not
permitted to handle the holy oils except in emergencies.
33
Holy Orders
One of the Seven Sacraments, the term Holy Orders is used by many Christian
churches to refer to ordination or to those individuals ordained for a special role or
ministry. Holy Orders refer to the three orders of bishop, priest, and deacon, or the
sacrament or ritual by which candidates are ordained to those orders. Only a bishop
can ordain another person to Holy Orders. Ordaining is done through the laying-on of
hands and the invocation of the Holy Spirit upon the person chosen for ministerial
service to the church.
_______________
Holy Water
Water that has been blesses or sanctified by a priest or bishop.
_______________
Holy Water Bucket
See “Aspensorium”
_______________
Holy Water Sprinkler
See “Aspergillum”.
_______________
Host(s)
The bread that is consecrated during Mass
34
Humeral Veil
Rectangular liturgical vestment worn by priests and deacons. It is most often seen
during the liturgy of Exposition and Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament when the
priest or deacon blesses the people with the monstrance. Also seen when the minister
carries a ciborium in procession (as on Holy Thursday). The cleric covers his hands with
the ends of the veil so that his hands do not touch the monstrance, as a mark of respect
for the sacred vessel and as an indication that it is Jesus, present in the Eucharistic
Host, not the minister, who blesses the people. (Altar servers see Vimpa)
_______________
Incense
From the Latin “incendere”, “to burn”, incense is aromatic materials that release fragrant
smoke when burned. The fragrant smoke symbolizes the believer’s prayers rising to the
throne of God, creating a pleasing fragrance for the Lord. Christianity has a long history
of incense from frankincense given by the Wise Men to incense offerings in the Temple
of Jerusalem.
_______________
Kneeler
In many churches, pews are equipped with kneelers in front of the seating bench so
members of the congregation can kneel on them instead of the floor. In a few other
situations such as confessionals and areas in front of an altar, kneelers for kneeling
during prayer or sacraments may also be used.
35
Incense Boat
The small vessel containing the grains of incense to be used in the thurible.
_______________
Lavabo Bowl
From the Latin “lavabo” meaning “to wash”, it is the bowl in which the priest washes his
hands during the ritual of Preparation of the Gifts (Offertory) signifying the cleansing of
the sins of the people and to prepare himself to offer Christ, the sacrifice, to the Father.
This action recalls the action of Pontius Pilate when, before the crowd at Jesus’ trial, he
washed his hands and declared himself innocent of the “blood of this man”.
_______________
Lavabo Towel
The towel used by the priest to dry his hands after washing them during Mass.
_______________
Last Supper
The last meal shared by Jesus with the Apostles on the night before his crucifixion.
This supper is the basis for the Mass and the Ordination of Priests.
_______________
Lectern
From the Latin “lectus” meaning “to read”, is the stand from which lay people proclaim
the scripture readings.
36
Lectionary
From the Latin “lectus” meaning “to read”, it is the book containing ALL the readings for
Mass for the entire liturgical year. It is divided into Cycles A, B, and C, for every day of
the liturgical year. It differs from the Book of the Gospels which contains only Gospel
reading.
_______________
Liturgical Colors
The different colors worn by the clergy to show the different seasons and celebrations of
the church year.
_______________
Luna
From the Latin “luna”, meaning “moon”, it is the thin glass and precious metal container
used to hold the Consecrated Host upright when placed in the monstrance for Adoration
of the Blessed Sacrament. See “Monstrance”, “Lunette”
_______________
Mass
Derived from the word “missa”, meaning “dismissal”, the word used in the concluding
formula of Mass in Latin: “Ite, missa est” ("Go; it is the dismissal"). In ancient times
missa simply meant 'dismissal'. In Christian usage, however, it gradually took on a
deeper meaning. The word 'dismissal' has come to imply a 'mission'. These few words
express the missionary nature of the Church.
37
Missal
.
A liturgical book containing all instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of
Mass throughout the year. May be published in 2 volumes as Weekday Missal and
Sunday Missal.
_______________
Miter
From the Greek “mitra”, it is the traditional, ceremonial head-dress of bishops and
Abbots. The 2 peaks of the Roman rite miter symbolize the Old and New Testaments.
Byzantine Rite (see “Byzantine Rite”) bishops wear a crown-like miter taken from the
imperial dress of the kings of the ancient Byzantine Empire.
_______________
Monstrance
From the Latin “monstrare”, meaning “to show”, it is the vessel used to display the
Consecrated Host.
_______________
Narthex
The entrance or lobby of church located at the far end of the nave at the far end from
the church’s main altar.
38
Nave
altar.
The main body of a church structure leading to the main
_______________
Nun
A woman who belongs to a religious order or congregation dedicated to active service
or meditation, living under the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
_______________
Oil of the Catchumens
The Oil of Catechumens used in Baptism along with water, in the consecration of
churches, in the blessing of Altars, in the ordination of priests, and, sometimes, in the
crowning of Catholic kings and queens.
_______________
Oil of the Sick ("Oleum Infirmorum"),
The oil used for the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. see “Holy Oils”
_______________
Original Sin
In the theology of the Catholic Church, original sin is the general condition of sinfulness
(the absence of holiness and perfect charity) into which humans are born, distinct from
the actual sins that a person commits. This condition stems from the fall (sin) of Adam
and Eve to the temptation of the serpant in the Garden of Eden and is remedied in
Catholic belief by the Sacrament of Baptism. See “Baptism”
39
Organ
From the Greek όργανον organon, "organ, instrument, tool", a keyboard instrument of
one or more divisions, each played with its own keyboard either with the hands or the
feet. Organs have been essential in the worship of Catholic churches since Medieval
times.
_______________
Pall
1.
2.
1. Funeral Pall – from the Latin “Pallium” meaning “cloak”, it is the large cloth used to
cover the casket at a funeral.
2. Liturgical Pall – a piece of stiffened linen used to cover the chalice during the Mass.
_______________
Paschal Candle
A large, white, decorated candle blessed and lit at the Easter Vigil. It burns during the
Easter Season, and at Baptisms and Funerals. It is faced with a cross, the year it was
blessed, 4 pegs (nails) symbolizing the dying of Christ for the world and the
Resurrection, and the symbol of Alpha and Omega which tell of Christ God, the
beginning and the end. The flame of the candle symbolizes Christ as the light of the
world. A new paschal candle is blessed for use each year.
40
Pew
A long bench seat used for seating members of a congregation or choir in church
buildings.
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Prei-dieu
From the French meaning “pray to God”, it is a small ornamental wooden desk
furnished with a sloping shelf for books, and a cushioned pad (kneeler) on which to
kneel. Sometimes, instead of the sloping shelf, a padded arm rest will be provided. This
type is useful for devotions, such as the Rosary which do not require a book, or for
private, non-liturgical prayer.
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Presider
The person who leads the worship of the community. At Mass the presider is a priest or
bishop. At other liturgical prayer services the presider may be a deacon or lay person.
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Presider’s Chair
Also known as the “president’s chair”, it is the chair that the Presider uses during
services. In some churches, the Presider’s Chair is reserved to ordained clergy. Other
churches, such as cathedrals, have a main chair reserved to the bishop alone, known
as the “Cathedra”, or bishop’s throne.
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Priest
The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church include the orders of bishops, deacons,
and priests, which in Latin is sacerdos. The Priesthood is understood to have begun
with the Last Supper when Jesus Christ instituted the Eucharist.
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Processional Cross
A processional cross is a crucifix or cross mounted on a pole usually used to lead
processions.
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Ambo
A speaker’s stand in a church from which the Gospel is read and the Homily is given.
Today’s Catholic churches usually have only one place from which all the readings are
read. In previous times there were two reading stations; the Ambo and the Lectern.
See “Lectern”
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Purificator
Is a white linen cloth which is used to wipe the chalice after each communicant
partakes. It is also used to wipe the chalice and paten after the ablutions which follow
Communion. See Altar Linens
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Pyx
The word pyx comes from the Greek word πυξίς, "pyxis" meaning box or receptacle. It
is a small, flat, clamshell-style container often about the size of a pocket watch and
usually made of brass or other metals, traditionally lined with gold. Typically, this
container can be securely closed and is fixed with cords so that the priest, deacon, or
Eucharistic Minister can affix it to his or her person during transport to prevent the
consecrated host(s) from being accidentally lost. It is used mostly for transporting Holy
Communion to the sick and shut-ins.
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Roman Missal
The priest’s book containing rules, guidelines, and words used when celebrating Mass
and other liturgical services.
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Sacred Chrism
The Holy Chrism ("Sanctum Chrisma") or "Oil of Gladness," which is olive oil mixed with
a small amount of balm or balsam. It is used in Confirmation, Baptism, in the
consecration of a bishop, the consecration of a various things such as churches,
chalices, patens, and bells.
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Sacristy
A sacristy is a room for keeping vestments such as the albs and chasubles, and other
church furnishings, and sacred vessels.
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Sanctuary
The consecrated area of a church or temple around the tabernacle and/or altar.
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Sanctuary
Lamp
Catholic Churches have at least one lamp continually burning before the tabernacle, not
only as an ornament of the altar, but for the purpose of worship. The General Instruction
of the Roman Missal states (in 316): "In accordance with traditional custom, near the
tabernacle a special lamp, fueled by oil or wax, should be kept alight to indicate and
honor the presence of Christ." The sanctuary lamp is placed before the tabernacle.
Sanctuary or Tabernacle Lamps are often colored red, though this is not prescribed by
law. This serves to distinguish this light from other votive lights within the church. The
lamp may be suspended by a rope or chain over the tabernacle or near the entry of the
sanctuary, or it may be affixed to a wall; it is also sometimes placed on a ledge beside
the tabernacle or on an individual stand placed on the floor.
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Sprinkler – see “aspergillum”
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Stations of the Cross
Way of the Cross; in Latin, Via Crucis; also called the Via Dolorosa, or Way of Sorrows,
or simply, The Way, refers to the depiction of the final hours of Jesus, and the devotion
commemorating the Passion. The tradition as chapel devotion began with St. Francis of
Assisi and extended throughout the Roman Catholic Church in the medieval period. It
may be done at any time, but is most commonly done during the Season of Lent,
especially on Good Friday and on Friday evenings during Lent. There are 14 stops, or
“stations”, in this devotion.
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Stole
The stole is the vestment that marks recipients of Holy Orders. It is conferred at the
ordination of priest and deacon, by which one becomes a member of the clergy. A
bishop or other priest wears the stole around his neck with the ends hanging down in
front, while the deacon places it over his left shoulder and ties it cross-wise at his right
side, similar to a sash. The stole worn is in the liturgical color of the day.
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Tabernacle
From the Latin “tabernaculum”, meaning “tent”; also from the Hebrew “mishkan”,
meaning “dwelling place”. It is used for the enclosed, secure, enthronement of
Consecrated Hosts in church buildings. It is symbolic of the portable dwelling place for
the Divine Presence in the time of the Hebrew’s Exodus from Egypt, and also of the
Holy of Holies in the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem, which housed the Ark of the
Covenant.
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Thurible
A metal censer suspended from chains, in which incense is burned during worship
services. See “Censor”.
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Thurifer
The person responsible for the thurible during liturgies.
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Transept
The side wing areas of a church giving the building a cross + shape.
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Transubstantiation
The changing of the substance of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus
during the consecration in the Mass. The term has been used since Hildebert de
Lavardin, Bishop of Tours, France, used it in the 11th century to describe the unseen
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Vatican II
The 21st Council of the Catholic Church convened by Pope John XXIII on October 11,
1962 discussing every church issue from liturgy to morality. The council closed under
Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1965. The teaching of Vatican II can be found in the
book “Vatican II, The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents”. The Mass we celebrate
today is a direct result Vatican II.
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Vimpa
Looking much like the humeral veil in design, the vimpa is worn over the shoulders of
altar servers who carry the bishop’s miter and crozier during liturgical functions when
they are not being used by the bishop.
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Votive Candle
Also called a votive or prayer candle, it is a small candle of white or yellow beeswax
burned as an offering in prayer.
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