Ch. 18. sect 1
Cold War in
Europe
Objective: To describe how the Truman
Doctrine and the Marshall Plan further
defined and deepened the Cold War in
Europe
"I'm sick of babying the Soviets" – Truman, 1946
Cold War (1945–1991) —
conflict between U.S.,
U.S.S.R. , but neither nation directly confronts the
other on battlefield
The Truman Doctrine
• Truman Doctrine —
economic and military aid
to free nations threatened by outsiders
•
U.S. replaces British aid to Greece,
Turkey; reduce communist
threat
The Marshall Plan
•
Western Europe was economically devastated after
the war and then in 1946-47 there was a severe
winter.
• 1947, Sec. of State George
Marshall proposes
aid to all European
nations that need
it.
–
16 nations receive aid ($12.8 billion) after
they remove trade barriers
.
Truman blocks
Stalin
•
Success of Marshall
Plan (economically and politically)
1. Communists parties lost
voter appeal
2. Industry grew and
prospered
3. American economy
benefited
Superpowers Struggle over Germany
The Berlin Airlift
• Berlin airlift —
Britain, U.S. flew
food, supplies into
West Berlin
–
–
•
(2.3 million tons of food, fuel, medicine and gifts)
1949, after 327 days, Stalin lifts blockade
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany),
German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
form
The NATO Alliance
•
•
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
12 nations (US, GB, Canada, Belgium,
Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Lux, Netherlands,
pledge a
mutual military
defense alliance (April 1949)
Result:
Norway, Portugal)
•
1. Ends US isolationism
2. Soviet Union creates
the Warsaw Pact (military
with Satellite
Nations (1955) because Germany
alliance)
was allowed to rearm and join NATO.
Cold War in Europe
“Truman’s Letter”
(Cornell Column)
“Truman’s
Letter”
As you read Truman’s letter, answer the
following questions in note section of
notes.
1. According to this letter, what
1. Challenges?
challenges did Truman face
when he became president?
2. Attitude?
3. Foreign
affairs?
2. What does Truman’s letter
reveal about his attitude
toward the Soviet Union?
3. How well do you think Truman
handled foreign affairs right
after he became president?
What could he have done
differently?
Video – Presidents - Truman
Left-Side
“Policy of Containment”
p606 - Recreate the chart below. In each column:
1. Evaluate – How does the policy represent a “policy of communist
containment”?
2. Image that depicts the policy
3. Take-A-Stand: Which policy was the most effective against the spread of
communism and do the policies boost or hinder America’s prestige
around the world? support
Truman
Doctrine
Marshall
Plan
Berlin
Airlift
NATO
(evaluate)
(visual)
Take-A-Stand: Which policy was the most effective against the spread of
communism and do the policies boost or hinder America’s prestige around the
world? Support.