State of Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency
Wetland Ecology Group
Division of Surface Water
Characteristic Ohio Plant Species
for Wetland Restoration Projects v. 1.0
Ohio EPA Technical Report WET/2007-1
Ted Strickland, Governor
State of Ohio
Chris Korleski, Director
Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 1049, Lazarus Government Center, 50 W. Town Street, Columbus, Ohio 43216-1049
——————————————————————————————————————
Appropriate Citation:
Mack, John J. 2007. Characteristic Ohio Plant Species for Wetland Restoration Projects v. 1.0. Ohio
EPA Technical Report WET/2007-1. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Wetland Ecology Group,
Division of Surface Water, Columbus, Ohio.
This entire document can be downloaded from the website of the Ohio EPA, Division of Surface Water:
http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/wetlands/WetlandEcologySection.html
ii
BACKGROUND
The Monocotyledonae:
(Braun 1967)
The lists provided here were derived from
wetland plant species INTEGRATED WETLAND
ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Part 2: An Ordination
and Classification of wetlands in the Till and Lake
Plains and Allegheny Plateau regions (Mack
2004). In this classification, wetland class is
based on dominant landscape position dominant
plant community. There are seven landscape
positions identified: depression, impoundment,
riverine, slope, fringing, Lake Erie coastal, and
bog which correspond generally to the
hydrogeomorphic classification system outlined
by Brinson (1993). There are three main plant
community divisions: forest, emergent, and shrub.
Each of these types has several subtypes: forest
(swamp forests, bog forests, forest seeps);
emergent (marsh, fen, other sedge-grass
communities, sphagnum bog); and shrub
(buttonbush swamp, alder swamp, mixed shrub
swamp, bog and fen shrub swamps.
In the appendices of Mack (2004), are
species lists with average abundance values based
on data from that community type in Ohio EPA's
reference wetland data set. These species lists
were primary source for the list of characteristic
species provided here.
Other community
descriptions can be found in Tables 45 to 57 of
Mack (2001). Nomenclature follows Andreas et
al. (2004).
It is important to understand that the lists
provided here should be considered "average
values" for Ohio wetlands and the use of these
lists is not a substitute for knowledge of local,
county, and regional presence and abundance of
a particular plant species. Care should be taken
to not introduce species new to the flora for that
locale. At a minimum, the user of this list should
consult the county distribution maps in the
following texts:
Cattails to Orchids
The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 1: Acanthaceae
through Zygophyllaceae (Furlow, unpublished)
The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 2: Linaceae
through Campanulaceae (Cooperrider 1995)
The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 3: Asteraceae
(Fisher 1988)
Species with natural distributions to just part of
Ohio should not be included in planting plans for
locales where they are not or would not be
expected to be found growing naturally. For
example, speckled alder (Alnus incana) is largely
confined to the glaciated Allegheny Plateau of
northeast Ohio (Furlow unpublished). It should be
excluded from planting plans for other ecoregions
(with a couple of exceptions). Smooth alder
(Alnus serrulata) is distributed across the eastern
half of the state in the glaciated and unglaciated
Allegheny Plateau (Furlow unpublished); it should
be excluded from planting plans for the till and
lake plains of western Ohio (again with a couple
of exceptions). Conversely, some species have
simply not been collected and specimens
deposited in an herbarium but likely are found in
the county of interest. For example, Braun (1967)
does not report Carex tribuloides from Delaware
County but given its statewide distribution and the
fact it is found in counties around Delaware
County, it would be expected to be found there.
Other species may be common to a particular type
of wetland but not in others. American water lotus
(Nelumbo lutea) is a common aquatic species in
Lake Erie coastal marshes but would be very
unusual in any type of inland marsh.
Planting plans developed by persons
unfamiliar with the flora of Ohio should be
1
reviewed by an experienced botanist. Atypical
assemblages are strongly discouraged. Use of
seeds and plant material from local genotypes is
always recommended and preferred and in some
instances required, e.g. for planting of rare or
listed plant species, restoring certain wetland
communities, e.g. Oak Opening sand prairies.
developing planting plans and seed mixes for
wetland restorations.
Ecoregions used in the Appendix follow
Woods et al. (1998): EOLP = Erie-Ontario Drift
and Lake Plains of northeast Ohio, ECBP =
Eastern Corn Belt Plains of western and central
Ohio, WAP = Western Allegheny Plateau of
southeast Ohio, HELP = Huron-Erie Lake Plains
of northwest Ohio.
HOW TO USE THIS LIST
This list separates Ohio wetland plant
communities into five main groups written in
bold-face ALL-CAPS:
SHRUB
COMMUNITIES, WETLAND FORESTS,
MARSHES, WET MEADOW, and BOG. Just
after the main group name is a qualifier
description in small-caps, underlined, boldface,
e.g. MARSHES, deepwater assemblages. The
community qualifier refers to a vertical strata, e.g.
WETLAND FORESTS, tree species,
or
community variant, e.g. WET MEADOW, Oak
Openings Prairies. The herb layer is often
separated into graminoids (sedges, grasses), ferns
and forbs. Next to each species name is a
description of its abundance in that community
type (Note: additional information regarding the
typical abundance of that species, limitations on
its geographic extent, etc is provided in the
description "habitat comments" column).
Abundance can be low, medium, or high or a
range, e.g. low to medium, medium to high. Even
plants with "low" abundances are frequently part
of the flora of that community type. Abundance
values can be equated to which species are
community dominants, subdominants, and present
but never dominant (Table 1). The abundance
descriptions were intended to be used as
guidelines for what would be typically observed in
a natural wetland of that type in order to aid in
wetland restoration projects, specifically in
Table 1. Abundance descriptions.
2
abundance
description
low
Not a dominant or
subdominant member of the
community. Occasionally to
frequently encountered but
usually as scattered
individuals or clumps
medium
Moderately abundant to
approaching a subdominant
part of the community. May
form stands within the
community in areas that are
drier or wetter, brighter or
shadier, etc. than the rest of
the community
high
A dominant or subdominant
part of the community, often
the distinguishing species
used to describe the
community, e.g. a
"buttonbush" swamp, a
"twigrush" meadow.
Depending on how the
community is stratified
vertically or horizontally, there
may be multiple dominant
species.
LITERATURE CITED
Group, Division of Surface Water, Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency,
Columbus,Ohio.
Andreas, B. K. and J. J. Mack, J. S. McCormac.
2004. Floristic Quality Assessment Index for
Vascular Plants and Mosses for the State of Ohio.
Wetland Ecology Group, Division of Surface
Water, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency,
Columbus, Ohio. 217 p.
Mack, J. J. 2004. Integrated Wetland Assessment
Program. Part 2: an ordination and classification
of wetlands in the Till and Lake Plains and
Allegheny Plateau regions. Ohio EPA Technical
Report WET/2004-2.
Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency, Wetland Ecology Group,
Division of Surface Water, Columbus, Ohio.
Braun, E. L. 1967. The Monocotyledonae:
Cattails to Orchids. The Ohio State University
Press, Columbus, Ohio.
Woods, A. J., J. M. Omernik, C. S. Brockman,
T.D. Gerber, W.D. Hosteter, and S. H. Azevedo.
1998. Ecoregions of Indiana and Ohio (Map) and
Supplementary text.
Brinson, M. M. 1993. A hydrogeomorphic
classification for wetlands. U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Waterways Experiment Station.
Wetlands Research Program Technical Report
WRP-DE-4. Vicksburg, MS.
Cooperrider, T. S. 1995. The Dicotyledonae of
Ohio Part 2: Linaceae through Campanulaceae.
The Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio.
Fisher, T. R. 1988. The Dicotyledonae of Ohio
Part 3: Asteraceae. The Ohio State University
Press, Columbus, Ohio.
Furlow, J. Unpublished dot maps for The
Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 1: Acanthaceae
through Zygophyllaceae. Available as portable
data file (PDF) at
http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/wetlands/Wetlan
dEcologySection_reports.html
Mack, J. J. 2001. Vegetation Indices of Biotic
Integrity (VIBI) for Wetlands: ecoregional,
hydrogeomorphic, and plant community
comparison with preliminary wetland aquatic life
use designations. Final Report to U.S. EPA Grant
No. CD985875, Volume 1. Wetland Ecology
3
APPENDIX
LISTS OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES FOR OHIO WETLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES
4
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
SHRUB COMMUNITIES, full sun
buttonbush swamp
alder swamp
mixed shrub swamp
John J. Mack:
Note: It is very important
to consult county
distribution maps for the
Ohio flora before finalizing
a planting plan using this
list.
SHRUB COMMUNITIES, herb layer
buttonbush swamp
alder swamp
mixed shrub swamp
John J. Mack:
Depending on light regime,
water depth, and openness
of shrub canopy, additional
marsh or forest species can
be introduced in more
open zones of the shrub
swamp or under a drip line
of trees at the edge of the
shrub swamp.
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
species
Shrub species
Alnus serrulata
Alnus incana
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Cornus amomum
Cornus sericea
Ilex verticillata
Rosa palustris
Salix discolor
Salix exigua
Salix eriocephala
Salix sericea
Viburnum recognitum
Sedges
Carex bromoides
Carex crinita
Carex crus-corvi
Carex intumescens
Carex lupulina
Carex seorsa
Carex typhina
Carex atlantica
Carex stipata
Carex tribuloides
Grasses
Cinna arundinacea
Glyceria striata
Glyceria septentrionalis
Glyceria acutiflora
Forbs
Bidens discoidea
Bidens spp.
Boehmerica cylindrica
Caltha palustris
Decodon verticillatus
Galium spp.
Impatiens capensis
Iris versicolor
Lyocopus rubellus
Lysimachia terrestris
Lysimachia thyrsiflora
abundance habitat comments
med to high
med to high
med to high
low to med
low to med
low to high
med
low to med
low
low
low to med
low to med
edges of marshes, hummocks, sometimes pure stands
EOLP ONLY, edges of marshes, hummocks, sometimes pure stands
deeper water, seasonal to permanent hydroperiod
edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods
edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods
edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods
edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods
edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods
edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods
edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods
edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods
edges of marshes, hummocks, shorter hydroperiods
med to high
low to med
low to med
low to med
low to high
low to med
low to med
low
low
low
pool edges or extensive stands in wet woods and forest seeps
scattered clumps on saturated soils
scattered clumps on saturated soils
scattered clumps on saturated soils
scattered clumps on saturated soils
EOLP ONLY, pool edges or extensive stands in wet woods and forest seeps
scattered clumps on saturated soils
scattered clumps on saturated soils
scattered clumps on saturated soils
scattered stems on saturated soils
low to med
low to med
low to med
low
scattered stems on saturated soils
saturated soils to deeper water
grows in seasonal to permanent pools
saturated soils, LISTED, local genotype only
low to med
low to med
med
low to high
low to med
low
low to med
low
low
low to med
low
grows on tussocks, hummocks, buttonbush stems
connata, frondosa
common forest forb
esp. on saturated soils, muck soils, and with groundwater
deeper water, forms tussocks and stands
asprellum, tinctorium, triflorum
saturated soil, I. pallida grows in mesic floodplains
saturated soil to shallow inundation
but regularly encountered
saturated soils
saturated soils
A1
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
species
Polygonum hydropiperiodes
Proserpinaca palustris
Ranunculus flabellaris
Ranunculus hispidus
Riccia fluitans
Ricciocarpos natans
Rumex verticillatus
Scutellaria lateriflora
Veronica scutellata
Ferns
Dryopteris carthusiana
Dryopteris clintoniana
Dryopteris cristata
Osmunda cinnamomea
Osmund regalis
Onoclea sensibilis
Tree species
WETLAND FORESTS, shrub species
understory of wetland forests
shady margins of shrub swamps
wetland forest enhancements
Alnus incana
Alnus serrulata
Aronia melanocarpa
Carpinus caroliniana
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Ilex verticillata
Lindera benzoin
Ribes americanum, R. hirtellum
Rubus hispidus
Vaccinium corymbosum
Viburnum recognitum
WETLAND FORESTS, tree species
wet woods
margins of shrub swamps
vernal pools
margins of vernal pools
Conservative tree species
Betula nigra
Carya laciniosa
Fraxinus nigra
Fraxinus profunda
Nyssa sylvatica
Populus heterophylla
Quercus bicolor
Quercus palustris
Common tree species
Acer rubrum
Acer saccharinum
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
abundance
med
low
med to high
low
med
med
med
low
low
habitat comments
in deeper water
in deeper water
in deeper water
pool margins
aquatic liverwort
aquatic liverwort
saturated soil to shallow inundation
saturated soil
saturated soil
low
on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges
low
on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges
low
on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges
low to med grows in tussocks
low to med can form large stands often under Pin Oaks
low
can sometimes for clumps or stands
Refer to wetland forest trees for restoration of shrub swamp pool margins
low
low
low to med
low
low
med to high
med to high
low
low
low to med
low
EOLP ONLY, successional community to forest, will hold out in shade
successional community to forest, will hold out in shade
successional community to forest, will hold out in shade
pool edges, hummocks
successional community to forest, will hold out in shade
wet woods, pool edges, hummocks
wet woods, pool edges, hummocks
wet woods, pool edges, hummocks
low woody ground cover
wet woods, pool edges, hummocks
successional community to forest, will hold out in shade
med to high
low
low to med
med to high
low to med
low
med to high
med to high
WAP REGION ONLY
occasional on saturated soils
frequent but usually not dominant
sometimes dominant with oak and maple
EOLP in snowbelt
esp. edges of buttonbush swamps
often with ash, maple as dominants
sometimes forms pin oak flats
low
common but avoid planting
med to high subdom. w/ oaks or dom. or co-dom. with ash
A2
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
species
Fraxinus pensylvanica
Ulmus rubra, americana
Associated mesic tree species
Betula allegheniensis
Carya cordiformis
Carya ovata
Fagus grandifolia
Liriodendron tulipifera
Populus deltoides
Quercus rubra
Acer saccharum
WETLAND FORESTS, herb layer
Sedges
Carex bromoides
Carex crinita
Carex crus-corvi
Carex gracillima
Carex grayi
Carex hyalinolepis
Carex intumescens
Carex lacustris
Carex lupuliformis
Carex lupulina
Carex muskingumensis
Carex prasina
Carex seorsa
Carex squarrosa
Carex tuckermanii
Carex typhina
Grasses
Cinna arundinacea
Glyceria striata
Glyceria septentrionalis
Leersia virginica
Forbs
Actaea alba
Agrimonia parviflora
Arisaema triphyllum
Boehmerica cylindrica
Caltha palustris
Circaea lutetiana
Hydrocotyle americana
John J. Mack:
Planting plans can include
mesic spring ephemerals
and other mesic forest
herbs on drier microhabitat
features like pool edges
and hummocks, etc.
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
abundance habitat comments
med to high subdom. w/ oaks or dom. or co-dom. with maple
low
subdominant in all forests
on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges
low
EOLP in snowbelt
low
on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges
low
on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges
low
on hummocks, pool margins
low to med on hummocks, pool margins
low
sometimes dominant on floodplains
low
on hummocks, pool margins
low
on hummocks, pool margins
low to high
low to med
low to med
low
low to high
low to high
low to med
low to high
low
low to high
low to med
low
low to med
low to med
low
low to med
pool edges or extensive stands in wet woods and forest seeps
scattered clumps on saturated soils
scattered clumps on saturated soils
wetland edges or microhabitats
large stands esp. on floodplains
ECBP, HELP ONLY. Can form large stands
scattered clumps on saturated soils
Can form large stands esp. under Pin Oaks in NW Ohio
scattered clumps on saturated soils, LISTED, local genotype only
scattered clumps on saturated soils
ECBP, HELP only, often on floodplains
scattered clumps on saturated soils
EOLP ONLY, pool edges or extensive stands in wet woods and forest seeps
scattered clumps on saturated soils
scattered clumps on saturated soils
scattered clumps on saturated soils
low to med
low to med
low to med
low
saturated soils
saturated soils to deeper water
grows in seasonal to permanent pools
saturated soils
low
low
low
med
low to high
low
low
mesic forest herb on microhabitats
common forest herb
var. triphyllum on microhabitats, var. stewardsonii saturated soils
common forest herb
esp. on saturated soils, muck soils, and with groundwater
mesic forest herb on microhabitats
seeps, and clear pools
A3
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
MARSHES, deepwater assemblage
marshes
openings in shrub swamps
John J. Mack:
These deepwater marsh
species can form layered
"stands" so that there are
multiple dominants ranging
from partially emersed,
floating, and multiple
submersed species.
MARSHES, emergent assemblage
mixed emergent marshes
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
species
Impatiens capensis
Iris versicolor
Lobelia cardinalis
Lysimachia ciliata
Maianthemum canadense
Maianthemum racemosum
Maianthemum stellatum
Polygonum virginianum
Senecio aureus
Symplocarpus foetidus
Viola cucullata
Ferns
Dryopteris carthusiana
Dryopteris clintoniana
Dryopteris cristata
Osmunda cinnamomea
Osmund regalis
abundance
low to med
low
low
low to med
low
low
low
low
low to med
low to high
low to med
habitat comments
saturated soils, I. pallida grows on mesic floodplains
saturated soils to deeper water
esp. on floodplains in part shade
common forest herb
mesic forest herb on microhabitats
mesic forest herb on microhabitats
usually low but can form stands, saturated edges
mesic forest to saturated soils
pool edges or extensive stands in forest seeps
pool edges or extensive stands in forest seeps
saturated to seepy ground
low
low
low
low to med
low to med
on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges
on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges
on drier microhabitat, saturated hydroperiods, pool edges
grows in tussocks
can form large stands esp. under Pin Oaks
Full sun species
Brasenia schreberi
Ceratophyllum demersum
Ceratophyllum echinatum
Elodea canadensis
Elodea nuttallii
Glyceria septentrionalis
Lemna trisulca
Nymphaea odorata
Nuphar advena
Peltandra virginica
Pontederia cordata
Potamogeton spp.
Proserpinaca palustris
Ranunculus flabellaris
Ranunculus longirostris
Spirodela polyrhiza
Utricularia vulgaris
Utricularia gibba
Utricularia spp.
Zizania aquatica
low to med
low to high
low to high
low to med
low to med
low to med
low to med
low to high
low to high
low to high
low to high
low to high
low to med
low to high
low to high
low to high
low to high
low to med
low
low to high
floating, regular to permanent hydroperiods
submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
grows well in shade of seasonal pools
submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
floating, regular to permanent hydroperiods
floating to emersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
floating to emersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
floating to emersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
floating, regular to permanent hydroperiods
submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
submersed, regular to permanent hydroperiods
regular to permanent hydroperiods
submersed, survives drawdowns as turion, generally regular to permanent
grows on saturated muck or in water column
submersed, other Utricularia spp. regular to permanent hydroperiods
LISTED, LOCAL GENOTYPE ONLY, regular to permanent hydroperiods
Graminoids
Bolboschoenus fluviatilis
med to high can form extensive stands
A4
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
species
Carex comosa
Carex cristatella
Carex lacustris
Carex lurida
Carex scoparia
Carex tribuloides
Carex vesicaria
Carex vulpinoidea
Eleocharis spp.
Juncus spp.
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
Scirpus atrovirens
Scirpus cyperinus
Sparganium americanum
Sparganium eurycarpum
Typha latifolia
Forbs
Acorus americanus
Asclepias incarnata
Bidens spp.
Cicuta spp.
Decodon verticillatus
Epilobium spp.
Eupatorium perforliatum
Galium tinctorium
Hibiscus spp.
Iris spp.
Lycopus spp.
Mimulus spp.
P. arifolium
P. hydropiperiodes
P. punctatum
P. sagittatum
Penthorum sedoides
Polygonum amphibium
Rumex verticillatus
Sagittaria spp.
Scutellaria spp.
Sium suave
Utricularia spp.
Verbena hastata
Shrubby margins
abundance
med to high
low
med to high
low
low
low
low to med
low
low to med
low
low
low
low to med
med to high
med to high
low to med
habitat comments
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
can form extensive stands with Typha latifolia and Polygonum amphibium
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
E. palustris, smallii, eryothropoda, can form stands
e.g. J. torreyi, nodosus
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
tussocky, saturated soils to shallow inundation
EOLP, WAP ONLY can form extensive stands
can form extensive stands
can form extensive stands
low to med
low
low to med
low
med to high
low
low
low
low to med
low to med
low
low
low to med
med to high
med to high
low
low
med to high
med
low to med
low
low to med
low to med
low
can form stands esp. in floodplain marshes
saturated soils to shallow inundation
B. cernua, connata, frondosa, discoidea, cornota
C. maculuta, bulbifera
regular to permanent inundation, forms tussocky stands
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
H. laevis, moscheutos, saturated soils to shallow inundation
I. versicolor, virginica
L. americanus, rubellus, virginica
M. ringens, alatus
saturated soils to shallow inundation
deeper, more permanent inundation
deeper, more permanent inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
annual, saturated soils
floating leaved form, also saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
S. latifolia, brevirostra, australis, cuneata, montevidensis
S. galericulata, lateriflora
saturated soils to shallow inundation
U. vulgaris, gibba
saturated soils to shallow inundation
Refer to full sun SHRUB assemblage, shallow edges of marsh
A5
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
species
WET MEADOW, deep soil prairie
prairie (southern) sedge meadow
bluejoint sloughs
prairie cordgrass sloughs
Graminoids
Calamagrostis canadensis
Carex atherodes
Carex lacustris
Carex pellita
Carex sartwellii
Carex stricta
Eleocharis elliptica
Muhlenbergia mexicana
Spartina pectinata
Forbs
Aster praealtus
Aster racemosus
Euthamia graminifolia
Galium obtusum
Gentiana andrewsii
Helenium autumnale
Helianthus grosseseratus
Iris versicolor
Lathyrus palustris
Lycopus americanus
Lythrum alatum
Pycnanthemum virginianum
Silphium trifoliatum
Solidago riddellii
Stellaria longifolia
Tradescantia ohiensis
Verbena hastata
Graminoids
Calamagrostis canadensis
Calamagrostis stricta
Carex alata
Carex atherodes
Carex buxbaumii
Carex cryptolepis
Carex granularis
Carex lasiocarpa
Carex pellita
Carex sartwellii
Cicuta maculata
Cirsium muticum
John J. Mack:
Increase Carices where
water is deeper, increase
grasses as hydroperiod
shifts from seasonal
inundation to seasonal
saturation. Mesic prairie
grasses and forbs can be
added as hydroperiod
decreases. Use emergent
or deepwater marsh
assemblages for embedded
pothole marshes; full sun
shrubs can be added as
individuals or scattered
stands.
Wet meadow, Oak Openings Prairies
John J. Mack:
When restoring Oak
Openings sand prairies only
local genotype seeds or
plants should be used.
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
abundance habitat comments
med to high
med to high
low to med
low to med
low
low to med
low to med
low to med
med to high
med
med
low
low
low
low
med
med
low
med
med
med
med
med
low
low
low
becomes dominant on saturated to shallow seasonal inundation
becomes dominant on deeper seasonal inundation
becomes dominant on deeper seasonal inundation
subdominant in sedge meadow, sloughs
subdominant in sedge meadow, sloughs
codominant with C. atherodes, C. lacustris
subdominant in sedge meadow, sloughs
often codominant w/ Calamogrostis
forms stands or is subdominant with other graminoids
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
saturated soils to shallow inundation
med to high
high
KEY SPP.., usually codominant with Carices and Euthamia remota
low
low to med
low
low
KEY SPP.
low
high
KEY SPP., dominant Carex with Euthamica remota and Calamogrostis
low to med
low
low
low
A6
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
species
Cladium mariscoides
Eleocharis elliptica
Juncus acuminatus
Juncus brachycarpus
Juncus canadensis
Juncus dudleyi
Juncus marginatus
Juncus torreyi
Panicum implicatum
Panicum rigidulum
Panicum virgatum
Schoenoplectus acutus
Scirpus pendulus
Forbs
Asclepias incarnata
Aster lanceolatus
Aster novae-angliae
Aster praealtus
Equisetum laevigatum
Eupatorium maculatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Euthamia remota
Galium tinctorium
Iris virginica var. shrevei
Lathyrus palustris
Liatris spicata
Linum medium
Lobelia kalmii
Lobelia spicata
Lycopus americanus
Lycopus uniflorus
Lythrum alatum
Osmunda regalis
Oxypolis rigidior
Pycnanthemum virginianum
Solidago riddellii
Solidago rugosa
Thelypteris palustris
Triadenum virginicum
Vernonia missourica
Veronica scutellata
Shrubs
abundance habitat comments
high
KEY SPP., where Cladium cover high, Carex cover is reduced, and vice versa
med
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
med
low
med
low
high
KEY SPP., with C. lasiocarpa, Calamogrostis
low
low to med
low
low
low
low
low
low
low to med
low to med
low to med
low
med
med
low
low
low
low
low
A7
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
species
Rosa setigera
Salix bebbiana
Salix discolor
Salix humilis
Salix petiolaris
abundance habitat comments
low
low to med
low
low
low to med
Wet meadow - Fens
Bromus ciliatus
Calamagrostis canadensis
Calamagrostis stricta
Carex aquatilis
Carex buxbaumii
Carex flava
Carex granularis
Carex hystericina
Carex interior
Carex lasiocarpa
Carex leptalea
Carex pellita
Carex prairea
Carex sterilis
Carex stricta
Carex suberecta
Carex tenera var. echinodes
Carex tetanica
Carex trichocarpa
Cladium mariscoides
Deschampsia cespitosa
Eleocharis elliptica
Eleocharis rostellata
Juncus arcticus
Juncus brachycephalus
Juncus dudleyi
Rhynchospora capillacea
Schoenoplectus acutus
Schoenoplectus pungens
Scleria verticillata
Forbs and Ferns
Angelica atropurpurea
Apios americana
Asclepias incarnata
Aster puniceus
Bryophytes
low
low
low
med
med
low
low
med
med to high
med to high
low
med
low
low
med to high
low
low
low
med to high
low to med
med
med
med to high
low
low
med
low
med to high
low
low
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
can form extensive stands
often sub to co-dominant
often sub to co-dominant
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
often forms extensive stands
often forms extensive stands
calciphile obligate, marl meadows
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
med
low
low
med
med
A8
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
species
Cacalia suaveolens
Caltha palustris
Campanula aparinoides
Cicuta maculata, C. bulbifera
Cirsium muticum
Clematis virginiana
Drosera rotundifolia
Eupatorium maculatum
Filipendula rubra
Galium boreale, G. asprellum
Helianthus giganteus
Lathyrus palustris
Liatris spicata
Lobelia kalmii
Lycopus americanus, L. rubellus
Lysimachia quadriflora
Lythrum alatum
Maianthemum stellatum
Melanthium virginicum
Monarda fistulosa
Osmunda regalis
Oxypolis rigidior
Parnassia glauca
Phlox maculata
Pycnanthemum virginianum
Rubus hispidus
Rumex orbiculatus
Sanguisorba canadensis
Senecio aureus
Silphium trifoliatum
Solidago ohioensis
Solidago patula
Solidago rugosa
Sphagnum sp.
Thalictrum dasycarpum
Thelypteris palustris
Tofieldia glutinosa
Triglochin maritima
Viola macloskeyi
Shrubs
Cornus amomum
Cornus sericea
abundance
med
low
low
low
med
low
low
med
low to med
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
low to med
low
low to med
low
low
low
low to med
low
low
low to med
low
low to med
low to med
med
low
low
low
low
low
low
low
habitat comments
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
calciphile obligate
low
low to med
A9
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
BOG, tall shrub
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
species
Physocarpus opulifolius
Potentilla fruticosa
Rhamnus alnifolia
Salix discolor
Salix petiolaris
Salix sericea
Toxicodendron vernix
Aronia melanocarpa
Bidens discoidea
Bryophyte
Calla palustris
Carex canescens
Carex intumescens
Carex seorsa
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Cicuta bulbifera
Dulichium arundinaceum
Galium tinctorium
Ilex verticillata
Lysimachia ciliata
Lysimachia thyrsiflora
Maianthemum canadense
Nyssa sylvatica
Osmunda cinnamomea
Osmunda regalis
Polygonum arifolium
Polygonum hydropiperoides
Populus heterophylla
Quercus bicolor
Quercus palustris
Rosa palustris
Rubus hispidus
Salix bebbiana
Salix discolor
Salix sericea
Sium suave
Sphagnum sp.
Thelypteris palustris
Toxicodendron vernix
Triadenum virginicum
Trientalis borealis
Vaccinium corymbosum
abundance habitat comments
low to med
med to high
low
low
low
low
low
med
low
med
med
med
low
med
med
low
med
low
med
low
low
med
med
low to med
low to med
low
low to med
med
low
low
low
med
low
med
low
low
med
low
low
low
low
med
A10
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
BOG, Tamarack-Hardwood
BOG, small kettle
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
species
Viburnum recognitum
Acer rubrum
Caltha palustris
Carex atlantica var. atlantica
Carex leptalea
Carex trisperma
Coptis trifolia
Dryopteris carthusiana
Fraxinus nigra
Galium tinctorium
Glyceria striata
Huperzia lucidula
Ilex verticillata
Larix laricina
Lysimachia terrestris
Maianthemum canadense
Mitchella repens
Nyssa sylvatica
Osmunda cinnamomea
Osmunda regalis
Quercus bicolor
Rubus hispidus
Rubus pubescens
Sphagnum sp.
Toxicodendron vernix
Trientalis borealis
Vaccinium corymbosum
Viola blanda
Aronia melanocarpa
Carex atlantica var. atlantica
Carex canescens
Carex lasiocarpa
Carex seorsa
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Dulichium arundinaceum
Eriophorum virginicum
Galium tinctorium
Ilex verticillata
Lysimachia thyrsiflora
Menyanthes trifoliata
Osmunda cinnamomea
Osmunda regalis
abundance habitat comments
low
low to med
low
low
low
low
med
low
med
low
low
low
med
med
low
med
low
low
high
med
low to med
med
low
med
low
low
med
low
low
low
med
med
med
low
med
med
low
low
low
med
med
med
A11
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls
APPENDIX
LIST OF CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES
community
BOG, leatherleaf
last revised 3/8/2007 jjm
species
Rubus hispidus
Salix bebbiana
Scirpus cyperinus
Sphagnum sp.
Spiraea alba
Toxicodendron vernix
Vaccinium corymbosum
Vaccinium macrocarpon
Viburnum recognitum
Calla palustris
Carex canescens
Carex oligosperma
Chamaedaphne calyculata
Decodon verticillatus
Eriophorum virginicum
Larix laricina
Nuphar advena
Osmunda cinnamomea
Sphagnum sp.
Toxicodendron vernix
Vaccinium corymbosum
Woodwardia virginica
abundance habitat comments
low
low
low
high
low
med
med
med
low
med
low
med
high
low
med
low to med
low
low
high
low
low
low to med
A12
characteristic_assemblages_for_Wetland_Restoration.xls