2008 Classical Studies
Standard Grade
Foundation, General and Credit
Finalised Marking Instructions
© Scottish Qualifications Authority 2008
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2008 Classical Studies
Foundation Marking Scheme
Life in 5th century Athens
1
2
3
(a)
At least 40 assemblies a year (38 – 45 acceptable)
(b)
Public slaves/Scythian Archers would hit their clothes with rope covered in
red dye (1)
Then fined for non-attendance (1)
Words to this effect acceptable
2 KU
(a)
Any reasonable answer
(b)
Any acceptable answer
(c)
Fed/clothed/housed/had job/relationships
Owner’s point of
view then
2 EV
1 EV
Any reasonable answer
2 EV
Literature/P.E./Music/Mathematics/Arithmetic
Public speaking/Rhetoric/Greek
2 KU
(b)
Any sensible answer
1 EV
(c)
A trusted slave who accompanied you to school
(a)
Any reasonable answer
4
1 KU
(a)
2 KU
Yes – Like tough sports/looks fun
No – Too dangerous/could get hurt
Any reasonable answer
(b)
2 EV
Running/Jumping/Throwing discus
Throwing javelin/Boxing/Horse riding/Chariot racing
Any other viable sport
(c)
3 KU
Fitness for war/the body beautiful
Health
Competitive spirit
Any other sensible answer
2 EV
Page 2
Homer – Odyssey, Books 9, 10 and 12
He needed them to row the ship
He was a good leader
They were drugged/had forgotten their homeland
5
6
7
(a)
9
Brought gifts/did not damage property
Took only what they needed to survive
Disagree
Burgled/stole food
Got Cyclops drunk/blinded him/stole sheep
2 EV
Good leader
Told Cyclops lie about his name
Worked out plan to escape
Was successful
2 KU
Stayed when men wanted to go − selfish
Caused deaths of his men
1 EV
(a)
Guardian/king of the winds/bag
1 KU
(b)
Bag of winds/bag
1 KU
(c)
Opened the bag
1 KU
(d)
Thought it contained treasure
Curious
Jealous
Tied with silver thread
1 EV
(a)
Smoke rising through the trees
1 KU
(b)
Yes − It would have saved time
Odysseus might have been able to cope with Circe’s magic by himself
(b)
8
Agree
1 EV
Any other reasonable suggestion
No − Foolhardy/might have been turned into a pig/animal
Might have disappeared without trace
His men would have had no idea where he was
Any other reasonable suggestion
1 EV
(c)
Stag/deer
1 KU
(d)
Yes − Could have found berries to eat instead
Had done him no harm
No − Men needed food or they would die
Animals have to be killed in order to eat meat
Men needed high protein diet
Any other reasonable answer
1 EV
Page 3
(e)
10
Yes − Animal = food
They were starving
Answer has to be YES
1 EV
(a)
Sun-god’s cattle/sheep
1 KU
(b)
Sun-god/Helios/Apollo
1 KU
(c)
Starvation/hunger/desperation
1 EV
(d)
Hides of the cattle crawling on the ground
Sound of lowing coming from the hides
Storm suddenly stopped
1 KU
(e)
Not strong enough to make wise choices
Fed up with journey/dangers
Tendency to listen to Eurylochus at times
Sometimes suspicious of Odysseus
Peer pressure
Any other reasonable suggestion
Page 4
1 EV
Pompeii – 79 AD
11
(a)
Porch/vestibule/entrance to the house
1 KU
(b)
Bared teeth/crouching/chain attached/cave canem/warning/ears raised
2 KU
(c)
Supposed to be guard dog
To frighten away intruders
1 EV
(d)
Answer has to be YES
Reason − had to have money to pay for craftsman
Took a long time to make it − very detailed
Great skill/precision required
Any other reasonable suggestion
12
(a)
To make themselves more easily heard by everyone
To make the character they are playing more obvious to the audience
To be seen more clearly
Any 2 of the above. Any other reasonable point
(b)
1 EV
2 KU
Yes − Was used to it/was used to hot climate
No − Hot/sweaty/heavy
Any other reasonable suggestion
13
(a)
Made it more exciting
Variety in weapons used
Variety in fighting technique
Thrill of the chase
Any other reasonable suggestion
2 marks for any two points.
(b)
2 EV
Added to the noise/excitement/atmosphere/confusion/entertainment
Perhaps had some effect on the fighters
Trumpets sounded to bring back spectators
Signals to fighters
Any other reasonable suggestion
(c)
1 EV
2 EV
Amphitheatre/Theatre/Baths
Any 2 of the above
2 KU
Page 5
14
15
(a)
Oven
1 KU
(b)
Mill/thing for grinding grain
1 KU
(c)
Easier to break into pieces with the hands when eating
Did not use knives when eating
Any other reasonable suggestion
1 EV
(a)
Any reasonable answer
1 EV
(b)
Any reasonable answer
1 EV
(c)
Cushions/pillows
1 KU
Page 6
2008 Classical Studies
General Marking Scheme
Life in 5th century Athens
1
2
(a)
No running water − well in courtyard
No electric − oil lamps
Flat roof
Separate living quarters for men and women
No proper bathroom
Any other reasonable answer
3 KU
(b)
Three clear points made either for or against or mixture of both.
3 EV
(a)
To manage slaves
Making cloth from scratch
Making preserves
Cooking/cleaning/repairing clothes
Any other reasonable answer
(b)
2 KU
Liked
Knew nothing else
Learning important life skills for that time
Having slaves to boss about
Disliked
Only learned what parents knew
Not mixing with friends
Limited experience
Boredom
Any other sensible answer − mixture of both
(c)
3 EV
Fighting
Riding
Swimming
Moral standards
His own skill − potter etc
Any other reasonable answer
2 KU
Page 7
3
(a)
Honour of Athena
Place of sanctuary in times of war/shelter
Temple area – religion
Rebuilt after destruction during war − a show place to other Greeks
Any other relevant point
(b)
2 EV
Panathenaia − in honour of Athene − patron goddess
Dress made and carried to statue of goddess
Every age group involved
Brief description of event
Sacrifice
Competition
Any other relevant point
(c)
3 KU
Yes − Special day
A holiday
Lots of crowds
A chance to dress up or take part in some way
Females especially enjoyed it
Entertainment
Free food and entertainment
No − Too many crowds
Smelly and hot
Sacrifice at some point
2 EV
Page 8
Homer – Odyssey, Books 9, 10 and 12
4
(a)
Huge cave
Big cheeses, big sheep, etc
Enormous rock to close cave
Obvious that owner was not normal size
Any other sensible answer
(b)
3 KU
Giant
One-eyed
Monster
Booming voice
Any other reasonable answer
5
6
2 KU
Aeolus felt his gift was wasted
The gods were against Odysseus
Odysseus would probably waste a second gift
Odysseus and his men did not deserve a second chance
Any other reasonable answer
2 EV
No marks awarded for selection only
Candidates must briefly outline plot and say why this appealed to them
3 EV
Page 9
7
(a)
Had the faces of beautiful young women
Bodies of birds
Beautiful voices
Sat in a meadow surrounded by the bones of sailors they had lured to their
deaths
2 marks for any 2 of the above
(b)
They were to beware of their song − fatal
Beeswax in men’s ears
Odysseus to be tied to the mast of the ship
Knots to be tightened should he struggle
3 marks for any 3 of the above. Must mention their song
(c)
3 KU
Anxious/concerned/afraid/envious of Odysseus/amazed/curious
2 marks for any 2 of the above. Any other reasonable suggestion
(d)
2 KU
Similarities
Calm water − lulls victims into false state of calm
Destructive power unleashed after state of calm
Both deliver utter destruction for all
Both female
Differences
Instruments of destruction
Sounds made viz. Sirens − beautiful singing
Charybdis − sound of roaring water
Appearance
3 marks for at least 3 of the above. Has to be at least one thing said for
each category
Page 10
2 EV
3 EV
Pompeii – 79 AD
8
(a)
ITEM A
ITEM B
(b)
Shrine in honour of the household gods
Offerings made to them/prayers said in front of it by all the
members of the household each morning led by the master
2 KU
Strongbox/chest made of wood lined with metal
Valuables and important documents stored there
2 KU
Impluvium/compluvium
Impluvium − gathered rainwater which came in through the compluvium
Compluvium − let in light and air
Torch lamps
Any reasonable suggestion. The Latin words are not required for full marks. 2 KU
9
(a)
Answer must be to agree very much
Reasons − Few windows − small and high up
To compensate − there was the compluvium
House including garden very enclosed
Heavy metal keys and locks have been found
Heavy double doors for closing at night
Bar to support main door
Guard dog at main door OR slave on duty there
Always slaves working about in the house
Any 3 of the above for 3 marks. Any other reasonable suggestion
(b)
Heavy wooden shutters covered the wide front opening
Heavy metal bars were used to keep shutters closed
Bars were locked in place
Living above shop
Any 2 of the above for 2 marks. Any other reasonable suggestion
(c)
3 EV
2 KU
Harbour town − lots of strangers coming and going
Prosperous town − lots of wealthy people living there
There was no police force as today
No street lighting at night
No insurance
Any 2 of the above for 2 marks. Any other reasonable suggestion
Page 11
2 EV
10
(a)
Election notices
Candidates’ names
Adverts of gladiator fights
Messages to friends or enemies
Messages to lovers
Messages of a general nature
Any 2 of the above for 2 marks. Any other suggestion
(b)
One of the few means available for communication with the public
People would see messages or slogans passing by
Paper was expensive to make − only used for special purposes
No newspapers, phones, mobile phones, TV
Bored standing waiting for food or drink at the thermopolium − helped to
pass the time
3 marks for any 3 of the above OR any other reasonable suggestion
(c)
2 KU
3 EV
Yes − Boredom perhaps
Desire to decorate with some kind of artistic endeavour, even writing
Slogans of a political nature
No − Mischief
There are other means of communication today
2 marks for any 2 of the above OR any other reasonable suggestion
Page 12
2 EV
2008 Classical Studies
Credit Marking Scheme
Life in 5th century Athens
1
True
Every male freeborn over 18 could participate in ecclesia
Everyone could vote, change laws, speak freely and be heard
Every male could one day be a member of the boule
Could also if member of boule, be like P.M. for a day
Untrue
No women, metic or slave could participate
These people were powerless
No matter how wealthy metics could never take part in
government yet were expected to fight
Any other reasonable answers
A good answer would cover both aspects
2
Acceptable
If born to slavery knew no different way of life
Fed
Clothed
Housed
Had employment
Better than the poor freeborn
Did not have to participate in war
Unacceptable
No freedom
No legal status
Owned
Treatment at whim of master or mistress
Any reasonable answers.
3
5 KU
5 EV
Male
Life depended on money and who your father was
If rich at school − learning literature, P.E. and music
If poor − already working
Worry of son being a soldier or sailor
Maybe engaged in marriage to an unknown quantity
Mention of being a teenage slave of either sex acceptable
Female
Engaged if not about to be married and all the worries that
entails
Educated to run a household
Never to have real status in the community
A good answer should be well argued
5 KU
Page 13
4
Mention should be made of the contents of the competition:
Agree
Watching good performance would make one want to try harder
Meeting up with friends
Seeing the best from other polis and your own
Any other sensible answer
Disagree If female, could not participate or watch
Too hot, smelly
Some sport dangerous ie the Pankration
Any other reasonable answer
5 EV
Page 14
Homer – Odyssey, Books 9, 10 and 12
5
Lotus-eaters Give Odysseus’ men some lotus
The men forgot their purpose
Odysseus has to rescue them by dragging them back onto
the ship
Aeolus
Gives Odysseus a gift of the bag containing all the winds
which would prevent his return home
Odysseus guards this bag for 9 days and neglects to tell his
men the contents of the bag
When Odysseus falls asleep, his men open the bag, suspecting
it full of treasure
They are blown off course and return to Aeolus who refuses
to give them further help
A good answer will contain the main points in each story. Full marks can
only be obtained if both stories are mentioned in some detail
6
Agree
Odysseus and men bring the owner gifts
They take only what they need in terms of food and drink
They do not harm the cave or the Cyclops’ animals
Disagree
They burgle what is obviously someone’s home
They steal food and animals
They make the owner drunk to blind him when he is only
protecting his property
Any other relevant points
7
Sensible
5 KU
5 EV
Decides not to go off by himself to investigate smoke
(men might have been worried by his disappearance)
Accepted help from Hermes and followed instructions given
Considerate Leaves men to rest by ship when they arrive
Killed stag to feed men
Is prepared to take risks to rescue his men
Slept with Circe although she was the ‘enemy’
Negative element might be the fact that his men were beginning to get bored
and wanted to go home. Odysseus did not appear to be aware of this.
5 marks for a well balanced discussion involving most of the above or any
other reasonable points
Page 15
5 EV
8
Description
Dreadful bark − like a new-born puppy
12 feet dangling in the air
6 long necks with grisly heads
Triple rows of teeth
Devours large sea creatures
Snatches 6 crew from each passing ship
Advice
Must not be tackled − valour lies in flight
Drive ship past her rock with all speed
Call on Scylla’s mother − will prevent her from coming out
again for a second time
5 marks for most of the above points
Page 16
5 KU
Pompeii – 79 AD
9
Set off early to get a good seat
Carried food, drink and cushions − stone seats
Carried hats and sunshades
Admission free
Series of plays − lasted all day
Comedies more popular − saw favourite actors
Awning suspended over audience
Scented water sprinkled between plays
Participation by the audience
Any other reasonable point. 5 marks for any five of the above points suitably
developed
5 KU
10
Answer should include account of facilities and working conditions eg smoke
from charcoal going out of the window, heat, smells, cramped conditions,
toilet possibly in the corner
This might be balanced by the fact that the slave was preparing food for the
master’s family − honour − and in close proximity to food − snacking
Probably good job for slave
Responsibility
Conclusion including evaluation
11
5 EV
Hot ash
Pumice stones
Choking fumes
Poisonous gases
Darkness − could not see
Collapsing buildings/roofs
Tiles falling
Obstructions
Narrow streets − easily blocked
Other people trying to escape
Animals
Panic/anxiety about survival and about loved ones
5 marks for at least 5 of the above OR any other reasonable suggestion
Page 17
5 KU
12
Lots of spectators − being part of a large crowd
Good atmosphere
Show started with mock fights to warm up crowd
Lots of noise − supporters shouting and screaming
Musicians playing − horns blowing
Different types of gladiator fighting against each other − heavily and lightly
armed
Referee − agreement/disagreement
Audience participation
5 marks for any 4 or 5 of the above appropriately developed.
Any other reasonable suggestion.
[END OF MARKING INSTRUCTIONS]
Page 18
5 EV