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FI11itIi1iLTII
KENYA TIMES, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1989
s,
'
use by 30 per cent.
Some firms have moved to
less crowded areas which may
risk Zurich's expansion as a
financial centre.. "Personal
contact cannot be replaced so
quickly by the telefax and
telephone" said Markus
Schildknecht, the survey's
author.
Paris, however, looks set to
enter the 1990s with a big
idvantage. A fast, efficient
.ransport system is led by the
red suburban Express Railway which carries 600,000
people a day.
"Not many other European
capitals have such developed
public transport systems as
Paris," said Roger Dubreuil,
traffic consultant for the
police.
A commission under
mayor Jacques Chirac met in
1987 to consider improving
the network and oneidea was
for underground freeways.
But it was decided no changes
Transport 'is the new
economic challenge'
By JULIET
TOWHIDI
in LONDON
IT can take longer to
cross modern London
by car than it did by
horse and carriage a
century ago.
Some New York commuters are spending 200 dollars
a month on fares and six hours
each day travelling. Japan is
offering long distance "bullet
train" commuters tax breaks
on their fares.
The inability of some modern cities to provide adequate
transport for the millions who
work in them poses an economic challenge for the
1990s.
"Without action now, London risks losing its preeminence as the financial and
business centre of Europe,"
says John Banham, chairman
of the Confederation of British
Industry.
Worldwide, huge sums will
be spent on transport. Firms
may have to spend money
moving outside city centres,
subsidising fares or buying
more computers so people can
work at home.
Or they may just go to
places like Paris or Frankfurt
which can apparently handle
their transport problem.
Reuter correspondents in
eight leading business centres
around the globe took a look
at the commuters' plight.
In New York, where nearly
3.5 million people stream
daily into Manhattan, some
have dreamed up new ways
of avoiding the crowds.
Wealthy executives from
neighbourin New Jersey
formed a heiicopter-pool to
fly in.
A ferry company, Direct
Line, last year proposed to
moor floating parking lots on
the Hudson River. New Jersey commuters could drive
onto these lots, park and then
take a ferry to work.
Housing close to Manhattan has become so expensive
that many face a three-hour
bus ride to get to work.
Driving a car to work costs
about 70 to 80 dollars a
month in bridge tolls and
parking fees. City officials
now complain that too many
firms subsidise executives by
paying these costs, with the
result that they clog the roads.
In London, the world's
oldest underground rail network is groatting under the
daily strain of three million
commuters while traffic jams
last more than half the work-
Trains are the main means of transport in many cities.
ing day.
"We are now a first world
city with third world standards," said Professor Peter
Hall of Reading University.
Many professionals have
moved out to smaller cities
where they earn less but enjoy
a better quality of life.
More than half businesses
have recruiting problems, said
economist Paul Mitchell.
Many must offer up to 3,000
sterling (5,300 dollars) a year
extra pay.
"Many businesses are worried that France and Germany
have invested more than
Britain in planning ..." said
David Senior deputy director
of the London Chambers of
Commerce.
Tokyo commuters endure
some of the most crowded
trains and longest rides of any.
And a dramatic rise in land
values has forced people to
travel further and spend more
n commuting.
A one-way train fare of
more than 1,000 yen (eight
dollars) is common while the
transport ministry reckons
that some 100,000 people
commute from places more
than 100km away.
The government and big
firms are now encouraging
people to live way outside
Tokyo and commute by Shinkansen "bullet train".
A transport ministry official said new tax breaks
would be introduced from
April 1 for people spending
up to 50,000 yen (390 dollars)
a month on tares.
"Some businessmen pay
100,000yen (800 dollars) per
month for commuting by
Shinkansen trains," the offi-
cial said. "I have not heard
of any company paying for
the whole expense but some
companies pay a half."
Zurich shares some of
London's worries. A survey of
banks, insurance and financial
firms showed many faced
severe problems over the next
few years because of parking
space.
The survey found that 60
per cent of employees commute to work from outside the
city, many by car. But the
council wants to reduce parking spaces and cut private car
were needed
Traffic has grown over the
last 20 years but one-way
systems and ring-roads have
helped keep it flowing.
Some 300,000 people commute to Frankfurt, a city of
600,000 travelling up to 60
km.
Plans to erect high-rise
office blocks promise more
jobs but two new local rail
lines are already planned to
cope with higher demand and
should be ready by 1994.
In Hong Kong commuters
often spend an hour-and-ahalf travellino in.