Name__________________________________________________Period__________Date____________________________________
U.S. HISTORY FALL SEMESTER REVIEW
Use your online textbook: www.connected.mcgraw-hill.com
Student Logon: FBISD + Your six digit ID without the 0 in front
Password: Same as above
Use also, your notes, and class discussion to locate the answers to the following:
Ideas That Shaped The United States: Chapters 1
1. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
2. What is an importance idea of the Declaration of Independence?
People have rights that the government should not violate
3. Important Dates:
• 1776- Declaration of Independence signed
• 1861-1865- the Civil War
• 1898- Spanish-American War
• 1914-1918- World War I
4. Explain the following Constitution principles:
• Federalism- The idea that the federal government has certain powers and the states have
their own powers
• Separation of Powers- When a government has branches of government to divide power
• Checks and Balances- The branches of government get powers to stop or “check” the other
branches from abusing their powers
5. What is the Bill of Rights?
The first ten amendment of the Constitution that guarantee U.S. citizens’ rights
6. Why were freedom of speech and the press protected in the first amendment?
The Founders wanted to keep government accountable and open to public discussion
7. How were African-Americans guaranteed the freedom, citizenship, and the right to vote after the Civil
14th,
15th amendments
War? 13th,
The Gilded Age: Chapters 2-4
1. How did the growth of railroads change the U.S. in the late 1800’s?
Railroads helped industry and cities grow
2. Who came to U.S. cities in the late 1800’s?
European immigrants and people from the U.S. countryside
3. What were the results of this movement?
• Overcrowded cities with tenement slums
• Government corruption like political machines
• Tension between new immigrants and nativists
4. What was the Homestead Act
It was a law that encouraged people to settle on the Great Plains, turning that area into a
major agricultural area.
5. Who were the exodusters?
Former slaves who left the South to settle as farmers on the Great Plains
6. What did the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling from the Supreme Court say?
It said that segregation was legal in the U.S.
7. What did segregation look like in the U.S. in the late 1800’s?
• Jim Crow laws kept races separated in public places
• Tactics like the “Grandfather Clause” kept African-Americans from voting
The Progressive Era: Chapters 6
1. What changed communication in the U.S. in the late 1800’s?
Telephone and telegraph
2. How did more efficient business methods- like the assembly line- change the U.S. economy?
Items, even cars, could be produced cheaply meaning that more people could afford them
3. A Progressive movement aimed at helping immigrants assimilate into American cultureThe Americanization Movement
4. What is the difference between a settlement house and a tenement?
A settlement house was like a community center in city slums to help poor people and
tenements were the run down apartment buildings where they lived
5. What made workers form labor unions by the late 1800’s?
• Long hours
• Low pay
• Unsafe working conditions
• Child labor practices
6. What cause did Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton help?
More rights for women
7. What did W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington help?
Both worked for greater rights for African-Americans
8. How were they different?
Washington believed in economic independence for African-Americans through job
training. DuBois wanted immediate equality for all races and founded the NAACP
9. How did third party candidates affect the Election of 1912?
Teddy Roosevelt’s “Progressive Party” split Republicans and allowed Wilson to win for the
Democrats.
10. What is the significance of Progressive reforms like the Direct Primary and 17th Amendment?
These changes gave more direct political power to the people.
11. How did writers like Sinclair, Steffens, and Tarbell contribute to the Progressive Era?
They brought attention to business and government corruption that led to reform laws
12. What were some of the most important reforms to come out of the Progressive Era?
• Prohibition ended the use of alcohol in the United States
• The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote
• Laws like the Pure Food and Drug Act required truth in labeling and product claims
Expansionsm and World War I: Chapter 5 and 7
1. What was the Open Door Policy? Who benefited from it the most?
The U.S. helped negotiate the opening of China to foreign trade. It was for all nations, but
helped the U.S. most
2. Why did the U.S. want the Panama Canal?
It would make global trade and military movement faster
3. How was Hawaii different from other places acquired by the United States?
It was annexed by the U.S. after American settlers overthrew its traditional monarchy. This
was a separate event from the Spanish-American war which happened at the same time.
4. What did the Roosevelt Corollary do?
It made the U.S. more involved in world affairs by threatening military force to countries
that interfered in the western hemisphere.
5. Why did the U.S. stay out of World War I for the first several years?
The majority of Americans favored neutrality (not taking sides)
6. Why did we finally get into the war?
People became outraged over German use of unrestricted submarine warfare
7. Why did some Senators not want to join the League of Nations?
Isolationists were afraid of future military commitments
8. How did World War I change U.S. society?
• Created opportunities for women in new kinds of jobs
• Boosted public support for women getting the right to vote
• The Great Migration of African-Americans out of the South to better jobs in the North
• There were fewer challenges to the government due the Espionage and Sedition Acts
The Roaring Twenties: Chapters 8
1. What was the result of the Red Scare right after World War I?
• Unjust convictions, like Sacco and Vanzetti, because of public fear
• Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer disrupted political radicals
2. What was a “speakeasy?”
An illegal drinking establishment during Prohibition
3. What were some characteristics of the Harlem Renaissance?
• A flowering of African-American culture and art
• Literature from people like Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston
• Spread of Jazz music when musicians like Armstrong came up from New Orleans
4. What was the Scopes Trial about?
John Scopes violated a Tennessee law and taught the theory of evolution in his class
5. The prosecutor in the Scopes Trial was William J. Bryan, a fundamentalist. What does this mean?
He believed the Bible should be taken literally
The Great Depression and the New Deal: Chapters 9 and 10
1. Why were slums in the Great Depression called “Hoovervilles.”
People were unhappy with how President Hoover handled the Depression
2. What was the Bonus Army?
A group of World War I vets and their families that rallied in Washington, D.C. for money
they had been promised by the government.
3. What were the causes of the Dust Bowl?
Drought, high winds, over-farming, loss of native plants/animals
4. What was the “court-packing” plan?
FDR’s plan to add judges to the Supreme Court so his programs wouldn’t get thrown out.
5. What Consittutional principle did it violate?
Checks and balances
6. Describe the following New Deal programs:
PROGRAM NAME
ABREVIATIONF
Civilian Conservation Corps
CCC
National Recovery
Administration
Social Security Administration
NRA
Tennessee Valley Authority
TVA
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
FDIC
SS
IMPORTANCE
Put young men to work building public buildings
and parks
Group of programs meant to rebuild businesses
and farms
Provided a government pension for the elderly,
disabled, and children who lost a parent; still in
existence today
Created thousands of jobs by building dams for
hydroelectric power and flood control in the
Tennessee River Valley of the Appalachians
Insures individual bank accounts at U.S. banks in
case of bank failures
7. How did the Great Depression and theNew Deal of the 1930’s change the United States?
• There was a deep financial downturn with lots of unemployment and business failures
• Expanded the role of the federal government in the U.S. economy by setting new
regulations for business and workers
8. What was a complaint about the New Deal programs
There was too much new government power that threatened the Constitution and citizens rights