LC-1113 ALLP
Support Group:
Academic Writing
Plagiarism & Citing
• Plagiarism & Citing
• Definition & terminology
• Writing Activity in class: paraphrasing, quoting, using
reporting verbs
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Defining plagiarism
• In pairs, think of a definition for plagiarism.
• Why is it a problem?
• Have you heard about any famous cases of plagiarism in the
media recently?
• “The use of someone’s else’s ideas presented as your own
without proper citation.”
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• Plagiarism and Citations handout
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Which of these is plagiarism? (Task 1)
1.
Copying a paragraph straight
from the source without any
acknowledgement
4. Composing a paragraph by taking
short phrases from a number of
sources and putting them together
with some words of your own
2.
Copying a paragraph making
only small changes, such as
replacing a few verbs or
adjectives with other words
5. Paraphrasing a paragaph by
rewriting with substantial
changes in language and
organisation, amount of detail,
and examples
3.
Cutting and pasting a
paragraph by using the
sentences of the original but
omitting one or two sentences,
or by putting one or two
sentences in a different order
6. Quoting a paragraph by placing it
in block format with the source
cited.
Examples from Swales, J. & C.Feak (2004). Academic
Wriitng for Graduate Students. Essential tasks and
skills. Adapted by Anya Siddiqi.
Plagiarism/ASiddiqi
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Terminology: Task 2
• With a partner, take a look at the list of
terminology & the definitions on your sheet.
• Can you match the terms and definitions?
Terminology: Task 2
• Quotation:
• The exact wording of the source material (either written or
spoken). This matches the original source word for word.
• Paraphrase:
• A detailed restatement in your own words of a written or
sometimes spoken source material. Apart from the changes in
organization, wording and sentence structure, this should be
nearly identical in meaning to the original source. (It should also
be nearly the same length as the original passage and present the
details of the original.)
• Summary:
• A condensed version of a passage. This involves using your own
words and writing style to express another author’s ideas. This
should present only the most important ideas of the passage.
Example of Paraphrasing the Original
Original:
In the current paper we will be examining responses to a
particular type of imposter; the vegetarian who eats meat. We
chose this example because the core norm of the vegetarian is
very clear (to not eat meat), and violation of the norm is easily
recognized.
Paraphrase:
Hornsey and Jetten (2003) investigated group responses to
impostors. For the purposes of their study, the impostors were
defined as vegetarians who go against the norm by eating
meat. The “violation of the norm” in this particular situation is
easily noticed (Hornsey and Jetten, 2003, p. 641).
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Example of Summarizing the Original
Original:
In the current paper we will be examining responses to a
particular type of imposter; the vegetarian who eats meat.
We chose this example because the core norm of the
vegetarian is very clear (to not eat meat), and violation of
the norm is easily recognized.
Summary:
In their study to investigate responses to imposters,
Hornsey and Jetten (2003) studied vegetarians who eat
meat because their deviant behavior is easily recognized.
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Using your own words with the work of
others
There are two ways to summarize in your own words
the work of other people:
Integral (strong author focus)
Smith (2006) suggests…
Non-integral (strong idea focus)
It is important that pupils learn how to evaluate their
strengths and weaknesses (Davies, 2006).
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Terminology: Task 2
• Citation: a reference made in the text to a source of
information. This can be in the form of a direct quotation,
summarizing or paraphrasing.
• Reference:
• the bracketed or footnoted piece of information within the
text of your writing that provides an acknowledgment that
you are using someone else's ideas.
• Reference list: an organized listing of the works cited in
the text, placed at the end of the document.
• Bibliography:
• a full listing of all material consulted in relation to the
research, including any source material not directly cited in
the text, placed at the end of the document.
- University of Warwick Library
Aalto Policy against Plagiarism
• What do you know about Aalto University policy against
plagiarism?
• In MyCourses ’Links and resources for ALLP students’, you
find the link to Aalto University Code of Academic Integrity
and Handling Violations Thereof
• In your own time, read through 3.3 Misconduct in studying
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Ways of citing?
1) Direct quotation
2) a) Summarizing or b) paraphrasing the original
(these we already looked at today)
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1) Direct quotation
• To use the exact words of an author or other source
• Should be done only sparingly
• Must use quotation marks around the quote
• Can be very short: one or two words, e.g. another
author's special way of naming something
• Can be an entire paragraph or passage, which you then
proceed to discuss at length
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Tips on adjusting quotes 1/4
1. If there are unnecessary words in a quote, you can omit
some by using an ellipsis … in the quote. Be sure to
leave the final version grammatically correct.
”The danger is … that by trying to avoid challenging anyone
linguistically, imagination is lost and the Eurobrand becomes the
Eurobland” (Brassington & Pettitt, 2006, p. 312).
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Tips on adjusting quotes 2/4
2. When adding something to a quote which is not in the
original you can use […]
“This [academic writing] is then further developed in their
undergraduate study” (Martala, 2006, p. 40).
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Tips on adjusting quotes 3/4
3. If a quote is more than 2-3 lines long, it should be
indented in a separate paragraph and you should not
use any quotation marks:
According to Keenan and Riches (2007, p. 114):
The Enterprise Act 2002…
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(The quote continues for another four lines or longer)
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Tips on adjusting quotes 4/4
4. Indicating the use of nonstandard grammar or
spelling.
Twelve-year-old Betsy Smith wrote in her diary, "Father is
afraid that he will be guilty of beach [sic] of contract."
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Going beyond ”he says, she says…”
• Academic writers need to refer to other people’s ideas
and arguments (e.g. Master’s thesis literature review!)
• BUT writing ‘Smith says...’ over and over again
= boring and repetitive!
• Using different reporting verbs
= more interesting writing AND more informative text!
Reporting verbs can indicate either:
• (a) the author’s personal viewpoint of the topic
• (b) YOUR viewpoint regarding what the author says
• (c) the author’s viewpoint regarding other authors
When citing, you should choose
suitable 'reporting' verbs
• See ‘Reporting verbs handout’ in MyCourses ‘Links and
resources for ALLP students’!
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Paraphrasing ’From Animation to
Augmentation…’
1.Read and then reread the original passage until you understand its full
meaning.
2.Take notes on the most essential elements of the passage.
3. Set the original aside, then write your paraphrase .
4.Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version
accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.
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Paraphrasing ’From Animation to
Augmentation…’
5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique phrases borrowed from
the original and include an internal citation.
6. Use ‘reporting verbs’ to refer to the original author.
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Homework: Choose a passage from
the article and paraphrase it for next
time!
Remember to use
• quotation marks with direct quotations
• reporting verbs
• in-text reference(s)
In addition, give the reference(s) at the end of the text.
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