!"#$%&$%'()*(+,%-./00%
S Caesar
BE Mays High School
GPS-Domain -5 WAVES
1)234#5%6#44)7-%8#9(+2":)7%;%8#9<#2":)7%)9%6:*="%
%
Georgia Performance Standard(GPS) Focus -Standards- SP4
Time Frame: 3 days (90minutes each)
>'!-Focus Standard: %
SP4. Student will analyze the properties and applications of waves. %
+?%@A$<+:7%"=#%$()2#44#4%"=+"%(#43<"4%:7%"=#%$()532":)7%+75%#7#(*B%"(+749#(%)9%
#<#2"(),+*7#":2%C+D#4?%%
E?%@A$#(:,#7"+<<B%5#"#(,:7#%"=#%E#=+D:)(%)9%C+D#4%:7%D+(:)34%,#5:+%:7%"#(,4%)9%
(#9<#2":)7F%(#9(+2":)7F%+75%5:99(+2":)7%)9%C+D#4?%%
5?%G#,)74"(+"#%"=#%"(+749#(%)9%#7#(*B%"=()3*=%5:99#(#7"%,#5:3,4%EB%,#2=+7:2+<%
C+D#4?%%
#?%G#"#(,:7#%"=#%<)2+":)7%+75%7+"3(#%)9%:,+*#4%9)(,#5%EB%"=#%(#9<#2":)7%)(%
(#9(+2":)7%)9%<:*="%
%
Supporting content Standards
!'H?%!"35#7"4%C:<<%#D+<3+"#%"=#%9)(,4%+75%"(+749)(,+":)74%)9%#7#(*B?%%
!'I?%!"35#7"4%C:<<%#D+<3+"#%(#<+":)74=:$4%E#"C##7%#<#2"(:2+<%+75%,+*7#":2%9)(2#4?%%
!'J?%K=#%4"35#7"%C:<<%5#42(:E#%"=#%2)((#2":)74%")%L#C")7:+7%$=B4:24%*:D#7%EB%
M3+7"3,%,#2=+7:24%+75%(#<+":D:"B%C=#7%,+""#(%:4%D#(B%4,+<<F%,)D:7*%9+4"%2),$+(#5%
")%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="F%)(%D#(B%<+(*#?%%
%%%%%%+?%@A$<+:7%,+""#(%+4%+%$+(":2<#%+75%+4%+%C+D#?%%
%%%%%%E?%G#42(:E#%"=#%&72#("+:7"B%'(:72:$<#?%%
%
Characteristics of Science Standards –Georgia Performance Standards
!N!=0F%!N!=.F%!N!=HF%!N!=OF%!N!=IF%!N!=JF%!N!=PF%!N!=Q%%!%%
R@D:5#72#%#4$#2:+<<B%C=:<#%$#(9)(,:7*%"=#%<+E%+2":D:"BS%
SCSh1T%!"35#7"4%C:<<%#D+<3+"#%"=#%:,$)("+72#%)9%23(:)4:"BF%=)7#4"BF%
)$#77#44F%+75%4U#$":2:4,%:7%42:#72#%
SCSh2T%!"35#7"4%C:<<%34#%4"+75+(5%4+9#"B%$(+2":2#4%9)(%+<<%2<+44()),%
<+E)(+")(B%+75%9:#<5%:7D#4":*+":)74%
%SCSh3T%!"35#7"4%C:<<%:5#7":9B%+75%:7D#4":*+"#%$()E<#,4%42:#7":9:2+<<B%
SCSh4T%!"35#7"4%C:<<%34#%"))<4%+75%:74"(3,#7"4%9)(%)E4#(D:7*F%,#+43(:7*F%
+75%,+7:$3<+":7*%42:#7":9:2%#M3:$,#7"%+75%,+"#(:+<4%
1
SCSh5T%!"35#7"4%C:<<%5#,)74"(+"#%"=#%2),$3"+":)7%+75%#4":,+":)7%4U:<<4%
7#2#44+(B%9)(%+7+<BV:7*%5+"+%+75%5#D#<)$:7*%(#+4)7+E<#%42:#7":9:2%
#A$<+7+":)74%
SCSh6T%!"35#7"4%C:<<%2),,37:2+"#%42:#7":9:2%:7D#4":*+":)74%+75%
:79)(,+":)7%2<#+(<B%
SCSh7T%!"35#7"4%C:<<%+7+<BV#%=)C%42:#7":9:2%U7)C<#5*#%:4%5#D#<)$#5%
SCSh8T%!"35#7"4%C:<<%375#(4"+75%:,$)("+7"%9#+"3(#4%)9%"=#%$()2#44%)9%
42:#7":9:2%:7M3:(B
%
Previous Knowledge:
&75#(4"+75%"=+"%+<<%C+D#4%"(+749#(%#7#(*B?%%
G#42(:E#%"=#%$()$#(":#4%)9%C+D#4%
W44)2:+"#%9(#M3#72B%+75%C+D#<#7*"=%C:"=%"=#%#7#(*B%"(+749#((#5%EB%
#<#2"(),+*7#":2%+75%,#2=+7:2+<%C+D#4?%
G:4":7*3:4=%E#"C##7%"(+74D#(4#%+75%<)7*:"35:7+<%C+D#%9)(,4%+75%*:D#%+7%
#A+,$<#%)9%#+2=?%
G#9:7#%9(#M3#72BF%$#(:)5F%C+D#<#7*"=F%+,$<:"35#%+75%4$##5%)9%+%C+D#%
X7)C%"=#%+$$()$(:+"#%4B,E)<4%9)(%9(#M3#72BF%$#(:)5F%4$##5%+75%
C+D#<#7*"=?%
!"+"#%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%+%D+233,%
G#9:7#%"(+74<32#7"F%"(+74$+(#7"F%+75%)$+M3#%)EY#2"4%
G#9:7#%)$":2+<%5#74:"B%
!"35B%$()$#(":#4%)9%5:99#(#7"%U:754%)9%#<#2"(),+*7#":2%(+5:+":)7F%#?*?F%
(+5:)%C+D#4F%:79(+(#5F%D:4:E<#F%3<"(+D:)<#"F%Z-(+B4%
%
Learning Outcomes
Students will be able to with 95% accuracy
&75#(4"+75%"=#%2)72#$"4%+75%2+7%:5#7":9B%#A+,$<#4%)9%(#9<#2":)7F%
(#9(+2":)7F%:7"#(9#(#72#F%+75%5:99(+2":)7?%
W7+<BV#%"=#%#99#2"4%)9%5:99#(#7"%,#5:3,4%)7%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="
G:4":7*3:4=%E#"C##7%(#9<#2":)7%+75%(#9(+2":)7%)9%C+D#4?%
@A"#75%+$$<:2+":)74%)9%5:99(+2":)7%+75%:7"#(9#(#72#%)9%C+D#4%")%,)5#(7%
$=B4:24%
@A$<+:7%"=#%53+<%7+"3(#%)9%<:*="%
%!"+"#%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%+%D+233,%
G#9:7#%+75%+$$<B%"=#%2)72#$"%)9%"=#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%+75%5:42344%:"4%
#99#2"%)7%"=#%D#<)2:"B%+75%C+D#<#7*"=%)9%<:*="%
2
Apply Snell*s law to the solution of problems involving t=#%(#9(+2":)7%)9%
<:*="?%%
G#"#(,:7#%"=#%2=+7*#4%:7%D#<)2:"B%+75[)(%C+D#<#7*"=%)9%<:*="%+9"#(%
(#9(+2":)7?%%
G#9:7#%+75%+$$<B%"=#%2)72#$"4%)9%")"+<%:7"#(7+<%(#9<#2":)7%+75%"=#%2(:":2+<%
+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#?%
\+D#%)$$)("37:"B%")%C)(U%2)<<+E)(+":D#<BF%+2()44%5:42:$<:7#4F%+75%:7%+%,)(#%
2=+<<#7*:7*%+75%#7*+*:7*%<+E)(+")(B%+2":D:"B%C=:2=%C)3<5%=#<$%"=#,%E#""#(%
375#(4"+75%"=#%C)(<5%+()375%"=#,?%
%W$$(#2:+"#%"=#%4:,$<:2:"B%+75%E#+3"B%)9%$=B4:24]%5#42(:E#%7+"3(#%:7%"#(,4%
)9%,+"=#,+":2+<%,)5#<4?%K=#%,+"=#,+":2+<%,)5#<4%=#<$%"=#,%(#+2=%9+((#+2=:7*%2)72<34:)74F%C=:2=%"=#B%5#(:D#%9(),%"=#%<+E%
9:9:: by the end of this lesson%
%
Enduring Understanding
0?%@<#2"(),+*7#":2%C+D#4%+(#%$()532#5%EB%2=+7*:7*%"=#%,)":)7%)9%2=+(*#4%)(%EB%
2=+7*:7*%,+*7#":2%9:#<54?%%
.?%K=#%#7#(*B%)9%#<#2"(),+*7#":2%C+D#4%:4%"(+749#((#5%")%,+""#(%:7%M3+7":V#5%
M3+7":":#4?%%
H?%K=#%#7#(*B%2)7"#7"%)9%#<#2"(),+*7#":2%C+D#4%:4%5:(#2"<B%$()$)(":)7+<%")%"=#%
9(#M3#72B%)9%#<#2"(),+*7#":2%C+D#4?%%
O?%6:*="%C+D#4%+(#%"(+74D#(4#?%%
I?%6:*="%4<)C4%5)C7F%E#754%")C+(5%"=#%7)(,+<%+75%=+4%+%4=)("#(%C+D#<#7*"=%C=#7%:"%
#7"#(4%+%,#5:3,%C:"=%+%=:*=#(%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%"=+7%"=#%,#5:3,%:7%C=:2=%:"%C+4%
$(#D:)34<B%"(+D#<:7*?%%
J?%K=#%#7#(*B%)9%+%C+D#%9+<<4%)99%+4%"=#%C+D#%,)D#4%+C+B%9(),%:"4%4)3(2#?%%
P?%W"%"=#%:7"#(9+2#%)9%+%,#5:3,F%<:*="%2+7%E#%(#9<#2"#5%)(%(#9(+2"#5?%%
Q?%K(+74D#(4#%C+D#4%2+34#%$+(":2<#4%")%D:E(+"#%E+2U%+75%9)("=F%$#($#75:23<+(%")%"=#%
C+D#%5:(#2":)7?%%
^?%6#74#4%+75%,:(()(4%9)(,%:,+*#4?%G:99#(#7"%2),E:7+":)74%)9%<#74#4%+75%,:(()(4%
,+B%9)(,%(#+<%)(%D:("3+<%:,+*#4?%%
0/?%W%$=)")7%:4%+%37:"%)9%<:*="?%%
00?%6+(*#%)EY#2"4%=+D#%D#(B%4=)("%C+D#<#7*"=4%C=#7%,)D:7*%+75%"=34%2+77)"%E#%
)E4#(D#5%E#=+D:7*%+4%+%C+D#%RG#_()*<:#%'(:72:$<#S?%%
0.?%`72(#+4:7*%<:*="%:7"#74:"B%)7%+%,+"#(:+<%:72(#+4#4%"=#%73,E#(%)9%#,:""#5%
#<#2"()74%E3"%7)"%"=#%U:7#":2%#7#(*B%)9%"=#%#<#2"()74?%%
%
3
ESSENTIAL \UESTIONS – (that will anchor students to learning)
0?%a=B%5)%C#%4##%5:99#(#7"%2)<)(4b%
.?%a=BF%C=#7%<))U:7*%+"%)EY#2"4%"=()3*=%+%*<+44F%5)%"=#B%<))U%<:U#%"=#B%+(#%E#7"b%%
H?%\)C%5)#4%#7#(*B%,)D#4%"=()3*=%4$+2#b%%
O?%a=B%+(#%"=#%2)<)(4%:7%+%(+:7E)C%R$(:,+(BS%+<C+B4%:7%"=#%4+,#%)(5#(b%%
I?%\)C%5)%<#74#4%C)(Ub%%
J: ;hy do mirrors on the passenger side of the car say >Objects may be closer
than they appearAB %
P?%a=+"%:4%(#9(+2":)7%)9%<:*="b%G(+C%+%<+E#<#5%5:+*(+,%")%#A$<+:7%(#9(+2":)7%)9%
<:*="?%
Q?%a=:2=%+(#%"=#%)$":2+<%:74"(3,#7"4%"=+"%34#%(#9(+2":)7%)9%<:*="b%%
Focused GPS- standards – SP4a, SP4b, SP4c, SP4d , SP4e
Related Concepts
@<#2"(),+*7#":2%C+D#4F%$+(":2<#-C+D#%53+<:"BF%#7#(*B%"(+749#(F%(#9<#2":)7F%
(#9(+2":)7F%5:99(+2":)7F%:7"#(9#(#72#F%$(:72:$<#%)9%43$#($)4:":)7F%,#2=+7:2+<%C+D#4F%
<)7*:"35:7+<%C+D#4F%"(+74D#(4#%C+D#4F%<:*="F%#7#(*BF%372#("+:7"B%$(:72:$<#F%D:("3+<%
:,+*#F%(#+<%:,+*#?%%
Related Vocabulary
@7#(*BF%C+D#4F%#<#2"(),+*7#":2%C+D#F%#<#2"(),+*7#":2%4$#2"(3,F%Z-(+BF%>+,,+%
(+BF%(+5:)%C+D#4F%:79(+(#5F%D:4:E<#F%3<"(+D:)<#"F%(#9<#2":)7F%(#9(+2":)7F%5:99(+2":)7F%
2)74"(32":D#%:7"#(9#(#72#F%5#4"(32":D#%:7"#(9#(#72#F%"(+74D#(4#%C+D#4F%<)7*:"35:7+<%
C+D#4F%:,+*#F%9)234F%)EY#2"F%:,+*#%5:4"+72#F%)EY#2"%5:4"+72#F%,+*7:9:2+":)7F%
:7D#("#5%:,+*#F%(#+<%:,+*#F%D:("3+<%:,+*#F%G)$$<#(%#99#2"F%$:"2=F%:7"#74:"BF%
+,$<:"35#F%9(#M3#72BF%4)375%C+D#4F%$(:4,F%2)<)(F%43$#($)4:":)7%$(:72:$<#F%2(#4"F%
"()3*=F%4:*7:9:2+7"%9:*3(#4F%2+<23<+"#F%#A$#(:,#7"F%$(#2:4:)7F%,#+43(#F%+223(+2BF%!`%
37:"4F%5#42(:E#F%42:#7":9:2%7)"+":)7F%2)72<34:)7F%=B$)"=#4:4F%5+"+F%2)7"(+4"F%2),$+(#F%
D+(:+E<#F%:79#(F%+7+<BV#F%$(#5:2"F%:7"#($(#"F%$#(2#7"%5:99#(#72#?%
Skills and Practices needed to achieve desired results
K=#%:74"(32")(%C:<<%3":<:V#%2)*7:":D#%"#(,:7)<)*B%4)%"=+"%4"35#7"4%2+7%,+4"#(%
:7%"+U:7*%N)(7#<<%7)"#4%[%2+7%2<+44:9B%7)"#4F%=),#C)(UF%<+E%(#$)("4%+75%
M3:VV#4%:7")%D:+E<#%4"35B%*3:5#?%%
&":<:V#%"#+2=#(%,+5#%:74"(32":)7+<%;%:7"#(+2":D#%$)C#(%$):7"4%
%N),$<#"#%$(+2":2#%"#4"%M3#4":)74%9(),%www.usatestprep.com%%
N),$<#"#%"#+2=#(%,+5#%>cW!%M3#4":)74%9(),%www.georgiaoas.org
K#A"%_))U%8#9#((#5%+(#%T%'=B4:24-'(:72:$<#4%;%'()E<#,4%!%><#72)%
8#<+"#5%C#E4:"#4%T%CCC?$=B4:242<+44()),?2),%
'#(9)(,%6+E%W2":D:"B%)7%%(#9(+2":)7%)9%<:*="%
4
!"35#7"4%C:<<%<#+(7%")%C)(U%:7%$##(%*()3$%,)5#<:7*%4:"3+":)74%
%
Adaptations( Differentiated instruction)
1)(%)7-<#D#<%R2)72#$"3+<S%2)3(4#4F%"=#%4<)$#%#M3+":)7%,+B%E#%*:D#7%")%
4"35#7"4]%E#2+34#%"=+"%:4%+%2)77#2":)7%"=#B%)9"#7%4"(3**<#%C:"=?%`"%,:*="%
+<4)%E#%34#93<%")%+5+$"%"=#%M3+7":"+":D#%$)(":)7%)9%"=#%+2":D:"B%:7")%+%
5#,)74"(+":)7%:9%4"35#7"4%+(#%$+(":23<+(<B%2=+<<#7*#5%EB%"=#%,+"=#,+":24?%
%
N),,)7%d:42)72#$":)7T%
K=#%,)4"%2),,)7%,:42)72#$":)7%+E)3"%<:*="%:4%"=+"%<:*="%:<<3,:7+"#4%)EY#2"4%
C=:2=%"=#7%+<<)C%34%")%4##%"=#,%)(%"=+"%#B#4%+2"3+<<B%*(+E%:,+*#4?%W7)"=#(%
,:42)72#$":)7%"=+"%:4%+<4)%4"+"#5%EB%W()74%:4%"=+"%$#)$<#%5)%7)"%)9"#7%D:#C%
<:*="%+4%"(+D#<:7*%:7%+<<%5:(#2":)74%+75%7)"%Y34"%9)<<)C:7*%"=#%4"(+:*="%<:7#%
E#"C##7%)EY#2"%+75%#B#?%K=:4%$+(":23<+(%D:#C%<#+54%")%37+22#$"+E<#%
#A$<+7+":)74%)9%)$":2%:74"(3,#7"4?%
%
Acceptable evidence to show desired results
_B% "=#% 2)72<34:)7% )9% "=:4% 37:"F% 4"35#7"4% C:<<% E#% +E<#% ")% 5#,)74"(+"#% "=#% 9)<<)C:7*%
4U:<<4%+75%2),$#"#72:#4T%
e#(:9B%"=#%6+C4%)9%8#9(+2":)7%+75%8#9<#2":)7%
d#+43(#%"=#%C+D#<#7*"=%)9%<:*="F%34:7*%"=#%5+"+%9(),%"=#%<+E[$()E<#,%
4)<D:7*%,#"=)5%
%
At the end of this unit the student will demonstrate the ability to:
>:D#7%+%"(+74D#(4#%C+D#%5:+*(+,%+75%"=#%":,#%(#M3:(#5%9)(%"=#%2),$<#":)7%)9%
)7#%2B2<#]%5#"#(,:7#%9(#M3#72BF%$#(:)5F%C+D#<#7*"=F%4$##5F%+75%<+E#<%
+,$<:"35#%+75%C+D#<#7*"=?%
&4#%"=#%9)(,3<+%Df9gC%%%:7%$()E<#,%4)<D:7*%4:"3+":)74?%
!U#"2=%+75%<+E#<%<:*="%C+D#4%375#(*):7*%(#9<#2":)7%+75%(#9(+2":)7%
N),$3"#%"=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9<#2":)7%C=#7%*:D#7%"=#%+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#%
G#9:7#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%)9%<:*="?%
8#<+"#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%+:(F%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%"=#%,#5:3,%+75%"=#%(#9(+2":D#%
:75#A%)9%"=#%*:D#7%,#5:3,%+75%4)<D#%$()E<#,4%)7%:"?%
5
a)(U%simple Snell*s Law problem4?%
After completing this unit, the students will meet the following scientific
dispositions:
`5#7":9B%M3#4":)74%+75%2)72#$"4%"=+"%*3:5#%42:#7":9:2%:7D#4":*+":)74?%%
G#4:*7%+75%2)7532"%42:#7":9:2%:7D#4":*+":)74?%%
&4#%"#2=7)<)*B%")%:,$()D#%:7D#4":*+":)74%+75%2),,37:2+":)74?%%
1)(,3<+"#%+75%(#D:4#%42:#7":9:2%#A$<+7+":)74%+75%,)5#<4%34:7*%<)*:2%+75%
#D:5#72#?%%
8#2)*7:V#%+75%+7+<BV#%+<"#(7+":D#%#A$<+7+":)74%+75%,)5#<4?%%
N),,37:2+"#%+75%5#9#75%+%42:#7":9:2%+(*3,#7"?%%
`5#7":9B%+%$()E<#,%)(%5#4:*7%+7%)$$)("37:"B?%%
'()$)4#%5#4:*74%+75%2=))4#4%E#"C##7%+<"#(7+"#%4)<3":)74?%%
`,$<#,#7"%+%$()$)4#5%4)<3":)7?%%
@D+<3+"#%"=#%4)<3":)7%+75%:"4%2)74#M3#72#4?%%
N),,37:2+"#%"=#%$()E<#,F%$()2#44F%+75%4)<3":)7?%%
&75#(4"+75%2)72#$"3+<%42=#,#4%)9%42:#72#?%%
&75#(4"+75%"=#%(#<+":)74=:$%+,)7*%"=#%$+("4%)9%+%42:#72#%5:42:$<:7#%+75%"=#%
2)72#$"3+<%4"(32"3(#%)9%"=#%5:42:$<:7#?%%
&75#(4"+75%)(*+7:V:7*%$(:72:$<#4%+75%$()2#44#4%)9%42:#72#?%%
&75#(4"+754%"=#%37:M3#%M3+<:":#4%)9%42:#72#?%%
G:99#(#7":+"#4%42:#72#%9(),%)"=#(%5:42:$<:7#4?%%
X7)C4%"=#%=:4")(B%+75%7+"3(#%)9%42:#72#%5:42:$<:7#?%%
&75#(4"+754%42:#72#%:7%+%4)2:+<%2)72#$"?%%
%!3E,:"%<+E%(#$)("%)7%)$":24%(#<+"#5%#A$#(:,#7"-%(#9<#2":)7%;%(#9(+2":)7%
@+2=%*()3$%C:<<%E#%+E<#%")%2)7532"%+%()375%"+E<#%5:42344:)7%+E)3"%"=#:(%")$:2%
:7%9()7"%)9%"=#%2<+44%!$#(9)(,+72#%+44#44,#7"%
K+U#%(#<+"#5%M3:VV#4[%"#4"4%R9)(,+":D#%+44#44,#7"S%
K+U#%I%C##U%#A+,%R43,,+":D#%+44#44,#7"S%
%
Sponge Activity & Assessment –S Caesar
6
cE4#(D#%+75%+7+<BV#%"=#%,:7:%5#,)74"(+":)74%)7%B)3(%"+E<#%)7%!%R=+<9%9:<<#5%E#+U#(F%
:7%C=:2=%:4%:,,#(4#5%+%4<+7"#5%(3<#(S%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
0? a(:"#%I%9+2"4%+E)3"%:"%%
.? `5#7":9B-%7+,#%"=#%$()$#(":#4%)9%<:*="%"+U:7*%$<+2#%=#(#%
H? @A$<+:7%"=#%$()$#("B%)9%<:*="%:7%"=:4%,:7:%5#,)74"(+":)7%
O? G(+C%+75%<+E#<%"=#%,:7:%5#,)74"(+":)7%#A$<+:7:7*%+<<%"=#%(+B4%+75%7)(,+<F%
C:"=%"=#%5:99#(#7"%,#5:3,%"=()3*=%C=:2=%<:*="%$+44#4?%
I? N),,#7"%)7%"=#%)$":2+<%5#74:"B%)9%5:99#(#7"%,+"#(:+<4%4=)C7%=#(#?%
J? a=#7%B)3%<))U%"=()3*=%"=#%C+"#(F%C=B%5)#4%"=#%73,E#(4%)7%"=#%(3<#(%<))U%
#7<+(*#5?%@A$<+:7%:"F%C=+"%"B$#%)9%<#74%5)#4%"=#%23(D#5%43(9+2#%)9%"=#%E#+U#(%
E#=+D#%=#(#%+4b%
Reference:http://library.thinkquest.org/27066/lightrays/nlrefraction.html
INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES:
%0?%8#D:#C%!7#<<h4%6+C%C:"=%students%34:7*%:74"(32":)7+<%:7"#(+2":D#%$)C#(%$):7"%
%.?%!=)C%#M3:$,#7"%"=+"%4"35#7"4%C:<<%34#%+75%=)C%")%34#%:"?%
%H?%@A$<+:7%")%4"35#7"4%"=+"%"=#B%+(#%")%C)(U%2))$#(+":D#<B%")%9:75%"=#%:75#A%)9%
(#9(+2":)7%)9%*<+44%4M3+(#%+75%5#D#<)$%+%$<+7%")%(#532#%#(()(%:7%,#+43(#,#7"4?%
%O?%W<<)C%4"35#7"4%")%C)(U%)7%$()Y#2"F%$+B:7*%2<)4#%+""#7":)7%")%=)C%4"35#7"4%C)(U%
")*#"=#(%+75%2),$<#"#%5:99#(#7"%)EY#2":D#4%)9%"=#%<+E%+2":D:"B?%
%I?%\+D#%)7#%4"35#7"%*:D#%,#%"=#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%"=+"%"=#B%9)375?%
7
%J?%\+D#%+%4"35#7"%9(),%#+2=%*()3$%#A$<+:7%C=+"%,#+43(#4%C#(#%"+U#7%")%(#532#%
#(()(%")%(#+2=%+%,)(#%+223(+"#%+74C#(?%
%P?%G:42344%C:"=%4"35#7"4%=)C%"=#B%E#<:#D#%"=#B%C)(U#5%")*#"=#(%53(:7*%"=#%
$()Y#2"%RW44:*7%()<#%")%#+2=%4"35#7"%:7%"=#%*()3$S%
Q?%1)<<)C%"=#%(3E(:2%*:D#7%9)(%"=#%<+E%+2":D:"B%
^?%1:7+<<B%*:D#%"=#%9)(,+<%<+E%(#$)("%")%"=#%"#+2=#(?%
0/?%!"35#7"4%+(#%(#M3:(#5%")%2),$<#"#%+7%9)(,+":D#%+44#44,#7"%+"%"=#%#75?%
%
LABORATORa ACTIVITa on Index of Refraction
%
cEY#2":D#T
K)%"(+2#%"=#%$+"=%)9%+%(+B%)9%<:*="%$+44:7*%"=()3*=%+%(#2"+7*3<+(%*<+44%4<+E%
+75%,#+43(#%"=#%+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#%+75%"=#%+7*<#%)9%#,#(*#72#?%
>:D#7%"=#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%+75%:72:5#7"%+7*<#%)9%<:*="F%E#%+E<#%")%9:75%"=#%
+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7%34:7*%!7#<<h4%6+C?%
From incident and refraction anglesF determine the index of refraction (*n*)
)9%,+"#(:+<%4"35B%"=#%<+C4%)9%(#9(+2":)7?%
K)%9:75%D#<)2:"B%)9%<:*="%C=#7%:"%$+44#4%"=()3*=%"=#%,#5:3,F%34:7*%"=#%D+<3#%
of Jn* above:%
_#%+E<#%")%9:75%C+D#<#7*"=%)(%9(#M3#72B%C=#7%*:D#7%"=#%)"=#(?%%%
%
d+"#(:+<4%8#M3:(#5T%N+(5E)+(5F%$:74F%$()"(+2")(F%(3<#(F%*<+44%4<+E%+75%$+$#(%
K=#)(BT%
K=#%2=+7*#%"=#%5:(#2":)7%)9%"=#%$+"=%)9%<:*="F%C=#7%:"%$+44#4%9(),%)7#%
,#5:3,%")%+7)"=#(%:4%2+<<#5%5:99(+2":)7?%%
a=#7%"=#%(+5:+":)7%:4%,+5#%")%9+<<%9(),%(+(#(%")%5#74#(%,#5:3,F%:"%E#754%
")C+(54%"=#%7)(,+<?%c7%"=#%)"=#(%=+75%C=#7%+%(+5:+":)7%:4%,+5#%:4%,+5#%")%
9+<<%9(),%+%5#74#(%")%+%(+(#(%,#5:3,]%:"%E#754%+C+B%9(),%"=#%7)(,+<?%
8#9(+2":)7%)9%<:*="%9)<<)C4%"=#%<+C4%<:4"#5%E#<)CT%
K=#%:72:5#7"%(+BF%"=#%(#9(+2"#5%(+BF%+75%"=#%7)(,+<%")%"=#%43(9+2#%
4#$+(+":7*%"=#%,#5:+F%<:#%:7%"=#%4+,#%$<+7#%?:?#%"=#B%+(#%2)-$<+7#4?%
K=#%(+":)%)9%"=#%4:7#%)9%"=#%+7*<#%:72:5#72#%")%"=#%4:7#%)9%"=#%+7*<#%)9%
(#9(+2":)7%:4%+%2)74"+7"F%9)(%+%*:D#7%$+:(%)9%,#5:+?%%
i:e: sin i/ sin r L constant (Jn*-(#9(+2":D#%:75#AS%
8
%
1)(%+%*<+44%4<+E%i:fi#F%:?#?%C=#7%+%(+B%)9%<:*="%:4%:72:5#7"%)7%)7#%4:5#%)9%"=#%
*<+44%4<+EF%:"%#,#(*#4%9(),%"=#%)"=#(%$+(+<<#<%43(9+2#%:7%"=#%4+,#%5:(#2":)7?%
`"%)7<B%4399#(4%4),#%<+"#(+<%5:4$<+2#,#7"?%Ri:%f+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#%;%i#%f%+7*<#%
)9%(#9(+2":)7S%
6+"#(+<%5:4$<+2#,#7"%5:(#2"<B%$()$)(":)7+<%")%"=#%"=:2U7#44%)9%(#9(+2":7*%
,+"#(:+<?%%
A
!i
B
!r
C
D
%
'()2#53(#T%
0? '<+2#%"=#%*<+44%4<+E%:7%"=#%2#7"#(%)9%+%4=##"%)9%$+$#(%+75%"(+2#%+7%)3"<:7#%)9%
"=#%*<+44?%
.? 8#,)D#%"=#%*<+44%+75%5(+C%+%7)(,+<%<:7#%R$#($#75:23<+(S%")%"=#%43(9+2#F%34:7*%
"=#%$()"(+2")(?%
H? &4:7*%"=#%$()"(+2")(%5(+C%+%<:7#%H/j%9(),%"=#%7)(,+<%<:7#?%K=:4%C:<<%E#%"=#%
+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#?%'<+2#%"C)%$:74%:7%"=:4%<:7#?%
O? 8#$<+2#%"=#%*<+44%4<+E?%%a:"=%B)3(%#B#%<#D#<%C:"=%"=#%4<+EF%<))U%"=()3*=%"=#%
*<+44%+"%"=#%"C)%$:74?%!=:9"%37":<%"=#%$:74%<:7#%3$?%L)C%$<+2#%"C)%,)(#%$:74%:7%
"=:4%4:5#%)9%"=#%*<+44%"=+"%+(#%:7%<:7#%C:"=%"=#%)(:*:7+<%$:74?%Rc7#%4=)3<5%E#%
(:*="%3$%+*+:74"%"=#%*<+44S%
I? 8#,)D#%"=#%*<+44%+75%5(+C%+%7)(,+<%<:7#%")%"=#%43(9+2#%C=#(#%"=#%7#C%$:7%:4%
$<+2#5?%
J? G(+C%+%<:7#%2)77#2":7*%"=#%"C)%7#C%$:74?%
P? 8#,)D#%"=#%*<+44%4<+E%+75%2)77#2"%"=#%(+B%W_%+75%NG%")%,+U#%+%<:7#%_N?%
d#+43(#%"=#%+7*<#%E#"C##7%"=#%7)(,+<%+75%"=#%<:7#%_N?%K=:4%:4%"=#%+7*<#%)9%
(#9(+2":)7?%
Q? 8#$#+"%9)(%+7*<#%)9%OIj%+75%J/j?%
%
9
%
%
G+"+T%
G#*(##%
W7*<#%)9%
:72:5#72#%
W7*<#%)9%
(#9(+2":)7%
%
%
%
%
%
%
WD#(+*#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%
%
%
%
`75#A%)9%
(#9(+2":)7%%
( Jn* )%
%
%
%
%
%
!=)C%2+<23<+":)7%=#(#T%
%
N)72<34:)74T%
0? \)C%5)#4%"=#%+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#%2),$+(#%")%"=#%+7*<#%"=#%<:*="%leave%"=#%
E<)2Ub%@A$<+:7?%L+,#%"=#,%+75%2),$+(#%"=#%,#+43(#,#7"4?%
.? a=+"%+(#%4),#%$)44:E<#%#(()(4%:7%"=#%5#4:*7%)9%"=#%#A$#(:,#7"b%a=+"%C)3<5%
B)3%5)%E#""#(%7#A"%":,#b%
%
H? W""+2=%B)3(%5(+C:7*4%")%"=:4%4=##"? 6+E#<%B)3(%5:+*(+,%C:"=%#A$<+7+":)7?%
4. >"#$%&'($&"%)$*&+,&-$,-./'"+%&0%1&23456%:72:5#7"%+7*<#%)9%<:*=" = 60 degreesF%9:75%"=#%
+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7%34:7*%!7#<<h4%6+C.(Note-78$&)",,$-$%'&9%:&.%)&.%;<$8&+,&
incidence - for different groups).
I? N+<23<+"#%"=#%D#<)2:"B%)9%<:*="%"=()3*=%"=#%*<+44%4<+EF%34:7*%(#9(+2":D#%:75#A%
9(),%B)3(%5+"+%2)<<#2"#5%:7%"=#%<+E?%N),$+(#%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%C=#7%:"%
$+44#4%"=()3*=%"=#%*<+44%4<+E%")%4$##5%)9%<:*="%C=#7%:"%:4%:7%+:([D+233,?%
J? \+D:7*%9)375%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%*<+44F%2+7%B)3%5#"#(,:7#%"=#%C+D#<#7*"=%
)9%<:*="%:7%*<+44F%:9%"=#%D+<3#%)9%9(#M3#72B%)9%<:*="%34#5%:4%*:D#7b%`9%4)F%
2+<23<+"#%:"%34:7*%$()E<#,%4)<D:7*%,#"=)5?%
%
Differentiation in assessment – Challenging students%%
'<)"%+%*(+$=%34:7*%5:99#(#7"%4:7%M0%R+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#S%+75%"=#:(%(#4$#2":D#%
sinM2 (angle of refraction): %
1:75%"=#%4<)$#%+75%,#+43(#%"=#%D+<3#?%%%
`4%"=#%4<)$#%+%4"(+:*="%<:7#%+75%9:75%D+<3#%)9%B)3(%4<)$#b%%
G)#4%"=#%D+<3#%)9%B)3(%4<)$#%=+D#%+%37:"b%>:D#%(#+4)7%9)(%B)3(%+74C#(?%
%a=+"%5)#4%"=#%4<)$#%:75:2+"#b%
%
10
%
kK#+2=#(%(#9#(#72#T%http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/u14l2b.cfm}%
k%!)3(2#%T%W'%'=B4:24%a)(U4=)$%-%\)C#<<%l%
l%
Laboratory Activity can be further extended to the followingT%
d+*:2%N):7%
0?%8#9(+2":)7F%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%
.?%'<+2#%+%2):7%+"%E)""),%)9%)$+M3#%2)7"+:7#(%+75%$)4:":)7%2)7"+:7#(%4)%"=+"%"=#%
2):7%:4%Y34"%)3"%)9%D:#C?%L)CF%4<)C<B%+55%C+"#(%+75%"=#%2):7%C:<<%,+*:2+<<B%+$$#+(F%
d#+43(#%=#:*="%)9%C+"#(%C=#7%2):7%+$$#+(4%")%,+U#%2+<23<+":)74%)9%:75#A%)9%
(#9(+2":)7?%K=#%$()2#44%2+7%E#%(#$#+"#5%9)(%)"=#(%<:M3:54%432=%+4%2))U:7*%):<%+75%
(3EE:7*%+<2)=)<?%
%
d+*7:9:2+":)7%
0?%d+*7:9:2+":)7F%(#9(+2":)7%
.?%1:<<%+%<+(*#%E#+U#(%C:"=%C+"#(?%'3"%:7%E#+U#(%+%<+(*#%(#2"+7*3<+(%)EY#2"%)9%C))5F%
2+(5E)+(5%)(%4),#"=:7*%4:,:<+(?%d#+43(#%5:+,#"#(%)9%(#2"+7*<#%E#9)(#%$<+2#5%:7%
C+"#(?%L)C%,)D#%(#2"+7*<#%E+2U%+75%9)("=%+75%5#"#(,:7#%C=#7%"=#%:,+*#%:4%+4%:"%
,)4"?%K=#%,+*7:9:2+":)7%(+":)%:4%9)375%EB%5:D:5:7*%:,+*#%5:+,#"#(%C:"=%+2"3+<%
5:+,#"#(?%
%
%
%
%
%
11
Lab Activity –on Reflection of Light
>()3$%!"35#7"%L+,#4%'#(:)5%mmmmmmm%
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%G+"#Tmmmmmmmm%./00%
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm%
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm%
6+E%L3,E#(%
8#9<#2":)7%)9%6:*="%
cEY#2":D#T%
1. The purpose of this lab is to verify and prove the laws of reflection
with the aid of a plane mirror
1. Lab Materials:
0?%8#2"+7*3<+(%4"+75%3$%,:(()(%
.?%G(+C:7*%3"#74:<4%
H?%a=:"#%$+$#(%
O?%G(+C:7*%_)+(5%
I?%W<%':74%
J?%d#"#(%!2+<#%
.?%K=#)(B:
O The phenomenon of returning back of the light in the same medium%
C=#7%<:*="%:4%:7%:72:5#72#%)7%+%43(9+2#%:4%U7)C7%+4%(#9<#2":)7?%
O The light that falls on the surface of the mirror is known as an%
:72:5#72#%(+B%+75%"=#%(+5:+":)7%"=+"%(#"3(74%E+2U%:7%"=#%4+,#%,#5:3,%
+9"#(%(#9<#2":)7%:4%U7)C7%+4%"=#%(#9<#2"#5%(+B?%
O The angle E#"C##7%"=#%:72:5#7"%(+B%9)(,#5%C:"=%"=#%7)(,+<F%:4%"=#%
+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#F%+75%"=#%+7*<#%E#"C##7%"=#%(#9<#2"#5%(+B%+75%7)(,+<%
:4%U7)C7%+4%+7*<#%)9%(#9<#2":)7?%
O Rormal is the perpendicular line it makes to the surface of the mirror%
Reflection of Light follows the laws listed below:
0?%K=#%+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#%:4%#M3+<%")%"=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9<#2":)7?%
.?%K=#%:72:5#7"%(+BF%(#9<#2"#5%(+BF%+75%"=#%7)(,+<%(+B%")%"=#%(#9<#2":7*%
43(9+2#%+"%"=#%$):7"%)9%:72:5#72#F%+<<%<:#%:7%"=#%4+,#%$<+7#?%
1:*3(#%E#<)C%:<<34"(+"#4%"=#%<+C%)9%(#9<#2":)7.
12
Background knowledge & Connecting with Math (Interdisciplinary)
Normal, Angle measurements, Perpendicular lines?%
'()2#53(#T%
0?%W""+2=%+%C=:"#%4=##"%)9%$+$#(%")%"=#%2+(5E)+(5%5(+C:7*%E)+(5%
C:"=%+%9)3(%5(+C:7*%$:74%)7%9)3(%2)(7#(4?%
.?%'<+2#%+%,:(()(%4"(:$%D#(":2+<%EB%+%,:(()(%4"+75%+75%,+(U%+%
4"(+:*="%<:7#%)7%"=#%$+$#(?%
S: RowF remove the mirror and draw a line RR* at point OF%$#($#75:23<+(%")%"=#%<:7#%
MM*(the line of the mirror): Also%draw a line AO to making an angle >iB with the
7)(,+<?%
O?%1:A%$:74%+"%$):7"%'0+75%n0%+75%I-0/%2,%5:4"+72#%9(),%#+2=%)"=#(%)7%"=#%<:7#%Wc%
RC=:2=%:4%"=#%:72:5#7"%(+BS?%
I?%8#$<+2#%"=#%*<+44%,:(()(%)7%:"4%E)375+(B%dd%+75%)E4#(D#%"=#%:,+*#%)9%"=#%"C)%
$:74%'0%+75%n0?%
J?%1:A%+7)"=#(%"C)%$:74%'.%+75%n.%EB%(#,)D:7*%$+(+<<+A%C:"=%"=#%$:74%'0%+75%n0?%
P?%8#,)D#%"=#%,:(()(%+75%$:74?%'3"%"=#%4,+<<%2:(2<#4%+()375%"=#%$)4:":)74%)9%"=#%
$:74%'0Fn0F%'.%+75%n.?%
Q?%o):7%"=#%$)4:":)7%)9%$:74%")%,##"%"=#,%+"%c?%
^?%d#+43(#%"=#%+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#%R:S%-"=#%+7*<#%E#"C##7%'0c%+75%L?%
0/?%d#+43(#%"=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9<#2":)7%p-%+7*<#%E#"C##7%'.c%+75%L?%
00?%8#$#+"%"=#%#A$#(:,#7"%C:"=:7%B)3(%*()3$%C:"=%5:99#(#7"%D+<3#4%of >iB-%R+7*<#%:9%
:72:5#72#S?%
H?%'(#2+3":)74T%
0?%_#%2+(#93<%")%,+U#%,#+43(#,#7"4%)7%+7%#D#7%43(9+2#?%
.?%W<C+B4%34#%+%4"(+:*="%#5*#?%
H?%_#%2+(#93<F%+4%+<%$:74%+(#%4=+($?%
O?%`743(#%"=+"%,:(()(%:4%5:(#2"<B%)7%:"4%E)375+(B%<:7#%$#($#75:23<+(%")%"=#%
7)(,+<?%
I?%_#%43(#%")%,#+43(#%+7*<#4%)9%:72:5#72#%+75%(#9<#2":)7F%")%D#(:9B%"=+"%
"=#B%+(#%#A+2"<B%#M3+<?%
O?%8#43<"4[cE4#(D+":)7%K+E<#%R%d)(#%"=+7%I%)E4#(D+":)74%)9%5:99#(#7"%+7*<#4%2+7%
E#%"+U#7S%
!?%L). W7*<#%)9%`72:5#72#% W7*<#%)9%
R:S%
8#9<#2":)7%R(S%
1.
30
2.
3.
40
50
13
%%
Analysis & Conclusion
"
"
"
"
"%
%
SAFETa CONSIDERATION
W? a:"=:7%"=#%42=))<%5:99#(#7"%$#)$<#%=+D#%5:99#(#7"%(#4$)74:E:<:":#4?%K=#%
+5,:7:4"(+")(%)9%+%=:*=%42=))<%=+4%4#D#(+<%(#4$)74:E:<:":#4?%`"%:4%"=#%
administrator*s (academy leader*s) job to ensure that the lighting and heating
)9%"=#%2<+44()),%:4%+5#M3+"#?%W<4)F%"=#%+2+5#,B%<#+5#(%,34"%,+U#%43(#%"=+"%
"=#(#%+(#%"C)%#A:"4%:7")%)$#7%+(#+4?%6+E%"+E<#4%,34"%E#%9:(#%$())9%+75%4=3"%
)994%,34"%E#%+D+:<+E<#%C:"=:7%"=#%2<+44()),?%1:(#%#A":7*3:4=#(4%,34"%E#%:7%"=#%
2<+44()),%C:"=%9:(4"%+:5%U:"4?%RL!KW%!3E2),,:""##%)7%!+9#"B%")%E#%9)<<)C#5S%
_? 1:77%!2:#7":9:2%!+9#"B%83<#4%")%E#%9)<<)C#5?%@+2=%4"35#7"%:7%"=#%2<+44%:4%*:D#7%
.2)$:#4%)9%:"?%K=#B%(#+5%:"%C:"=%"=#:(%$+(#7"4%+75%43E,:"%")%"=#%"#+2=#(%+%2)$B%
)9%"=#:(%4:*7#5%2)7"(+2"?%
N? K=#%42:#72#%5#$+(",#7"%2=+:($#(4)7%,34"%5:42344%+75%:5#7":9B%=+V+(54%"=+"%
+(#%:7%"=#%2<+44()),4%+75%:79)(,%"=#%+2+5#,B%<#+5#(%:7%C(:":7*?%%
G? K=#%42:#72#%"#+2=#(%:4%(#4$)74:E<#%9)(%"=#%4+9#"B%)9%"=#%2<+44?%K=#%"#+2=#(%
,34"%:74"(32"%4"35#7"4%)9%"=#%=+V+(54%:7%"=#%2<+44()),?%K=#%"#+2=#(%4=)3<5%
+<4)%5#,)74"(+"#%+<<%<+E4%")%4"35#7"4%R:9%(#M3:(#5S%E#9)(#%"=#B%5)%"=#%<+E%
"=#,4#<D#4?%%
@? `9%4"35#7"4%+(#%(#M3:(#5%")%5#4:*7%"=#%<+E%"=#7%+%2<#+(%:74"(32":)7%C:"=%(3E(:2%
has to be given by the teacher: Teacher*s role is that of a facilitator:%
1? K#+2=#(%4=)3<5%+<4)%<:4"%+<<%(3<#4%9)(%"=#%4"35#7"4%"=+"%+$$<B%")%+<<%<+E4%+75%
5#,)74"(+":)74?%%
>? K=#(#%+(#%7)"%"=+"%,+7B%4+9#"B%:443#4%C=#7%5#+<:7*%C:"=%)$":24%+75%<:*="?%_3"%
)7#%:4%")%E#%2+(#93<%C:"=%<+4#(4%:9%"=#B%+(#%E#:7*%34#5?%W<"=)3*=%,)4"%<+4#(4%:7%
=:*=%42=))<%2<+44#4%+(#%7)"%$)C#(93<%#7)3*=%")%=3("%"=#%4U:7F%:9%5:(#2"<B%<))U#5%
+"F%:"%2+7%2+34#%#B#%5+,+*#?%W<4)F%C)(U:7*%C:"=%<#74#4%,+B%:7D)<D#%#A"#7"%
2)7"+2"%C:"=%*<+44F%C=:2=%2+7%E#%5+7*#()34%:9%:"%E(#+U4?%
14
RUBRIC FOR LABORATORa ACTIVITa & LAB REPORT
%
6+E%1)(,+"%
%
%
%
%
I%
1)(,+"%:4%
2)((#2"F%+<<%<+E%
4#2":)74%+(#%
$(#4#7"%+75%
2),$<#"#?%%%
6+E%:4%7#+"<B%
5)7#F%$(:7"#5%:7%
:7U%)(%"B$#5%:7%
4,))"=F%9:7+<%
5(+9"?%
6+E%$(#4#7"4%+%
37:9:#5F%C=)<#%
+$$#+(+72#?%
L)%42(+$%$+$#(%:4%
:72<35#5?%
G+"+%2)<<#2":)7%
42=#,#%:4%C#<<%
$<+77#5?%
G+"+%:4%2<#+(<B%
5:4$<+B#5?%
'()$#(%37:"4%+75%
4:*7:9:2+7"%
9:*3(#4%+(#%
$(#4#7"?%
W<<%:79)(,+":)7%
:,$)("+7"%")%"=#%
<+E%=+4%E##7%
2)<<#2"#5%+75%
5:4$<+B#5?%
L)%2+<23<+":)74%
+(#%:72<35#5?%
@A+,$<#%2+<23<+":)74%
34#%$()$#(%9)(,+"%
N+<23<+":)7%(#43<"4%
2<#+(<B%5:4$<+B#5?%
N+<23<+"#5%D+<3#4%
=+D#%$()$#(%73,E#(%
)9%4:*7:9:2+7"%
9:*3(#4%+75%37:"4?%
W<<%2+<23<+":)74%+(#%
2)((#2"?%
>(+$=4F%:9%$(#4#7"F%
+(#%$()$#(<B%<+E#<#5F%
42+<#%:4%+$$()$(:+"#F%
+75%2)((#2"<B%5(+C7?%
6+E%(#43<"4%2<#+(<B%
5#42(:E#5?%
K=#%E+4:2%$=B4:24%)9%"=#%
#A$#(:,#7"%:4%$()$#(<B%
#A$<+:7#5?%
'()E<#,4%C:"=%5+"+%
2)<<#2":)7%+(#%5:42344#5?%
G:42(#$+7"%(#43<"4%+(#%
7)"#5%+75%<)*:2+<<B%
#A$<+:7#5?%
!322#44%C:"=%,##":7*%
"=#%)EY#2":D#%)9%"=#%<+E%
:4%:7"#<<:*#7"<B%5:42344#5?%
G:42344:)7%)9%C=+"%C+4%
<#+(7#5%:7%<+E%:4%$(#4#7"?%
`5#+4%+(#%2<#+(%+75%
9)234#5?%
!#7"#72#4%+(#%
2),$<#"#%+75%9<)C%
7+"3(+<<B?%
L)%4$#<<:7*%#(()(4%+(#%
$(#4#7"?%
L)%#(()(4%:7%*(+,,+(%
+(#%$(#4#7"?%
a)(54%+(#%C#<<%2=)4#7%
+75%+$$()$(:+"#?%
K=#%<+E%C(:"#-3$%:4%C#<<%
)(*+7:V#5?%
%
%
%
%
H%
1)(,+"%:4%
43E4"+7":+<<B%
2)((#2"F%E3"%
4),#%,:7)(%
#(()(4%=+D#%E##7%
,+5#?%%6+E%
(#$)("%=+4%
:74:*7:9:2+7"%
"B$)4%)(%:4%
4),#C=+"%4<)$$BF%
E3"%
<+E%:4%2),$<#"#5%
:7%:7U%)(%"B$#5%
+75%:4%E+4:2+<<B%
(#+5+E<#?%%%
G+"+%2)<<#2":)7%
42=#,#%:4%
*#7#(+<<B%
+$$()$(:+"#?%
d)4"%(#M3:(#5%
5+"+%=+4%E##7%
)E"+:7#5?%
!),#%5+"+%:4%
2)7934:7*?%
!),#%5+"+%:4%7)"%
$()$#(<B%
5:4$<+B#5?%
c7<B%+%9#C%,:7)(%
#(()(4%:7%37:"4%)(%
4:*7:9:2+7"%
9:*3(#4%+(#%
$(#4#7"?%
L)"%+<<%4"#$4%4=)C7%
:7%2+<23<+":)74?%
N+<23<+":)7%(#43<"4%
=+D#%,:7)(%5:4$<+B%
#(()(4?%
d:7)(%2+<23<+":)7%
#(()(4%$(#4#7"%
N+<23<+":)74%+(#%
5:4$<+B#5%:7%+%<)*:2+<%
C+B%E3"%+(#%+%<:""<#%
2)7934:7*?%%
L)"%+<<%(#43<"4%(#$)("#5?%
!),#%(#<#D+7"%(#43<"4%
:*7)(#5?%
d:7)(%(#43<"%
5:42(#$+72:#4%+(#%7)"%
7)"#5?%
d:7)(%,:4"+U#4%:7%
#A$<+:7:7*%"=#%$=B4:24%)9%
"=#%<+E%+(#%,+5#?%
@A$<+7+":)7%)9%C=+"%C+4%
<#+(7#5%:4%4),#C=+"%
2)7934:7*?%
`5#+4%+(#%(#+4)7+E<B%
2<#+(F%E3"%<+2U%9)234?%
!),#%,:7)(%#(()(4%:7%
4$#<<:7*%)(%*(+,,+(%
#A:4"?%
!),#%4#7"#72#4%+(#%
$))(<B%2)74"(32"#5?%
1)(,+"%:4%
:,$()$#(<B%
9)<<)C#5?%%%
!#2":)74%+(#%
,:44:7*?%%6+E%:4%
,#44B?%%%
6+E%:4%5:99:23<"%
")%(#+5?%%6+E%:4%
2),$<#"#5%:7%
$#72:<?%
G:99#(#7"%2)<)(4%
)9%:7U%+(#%34#5?%
!2(+"2=%$+$#(%
34#5?%
G+"+%2)<<#2":)7%
7)"%C#<<%$<+77#5?%
`,$)("+7"%5+"+%
#<#,#7"4%,:44:7*?%
G+"+%:72),$<#"#?%
d+Y)(%#(()(4%:7%
5+"+?%
G+"+%<+2U4%$()$#(%
37:"4?%
'()$#(%4:*7:9:2+7"%
9:*3(#4%7)"%
5:4$<+B#5?%
d+7B%2+<23<+":)7%
#(()(4?%
'()E<#,%4)<D:7*%
9)(,+"%7)"%9)<<)C#5?%
N+<23<+":)74%+(#%
5:4$<+B#5%:7%
2)7934:7*%,+77#(?%
N+<23<+":)74%+(#%
,:44:7*?%
N+<23<+":)74%+(#%
:72)((#2"?%
N+<23<+"#5%D+<3#4%
<+2U%37:"4%)(%5)%7)"%
=+D#%$()$#(%73,E#(%
)9%4:*7:9:2+7"%
9:*3(#4?%
8#43<"4%+(#%7)"%(#$)("#5?%
W7+<B4:4%5)#4%7)"%+*(##%
C:"=%(#43<"4?%
G:42(#$+72:#4%+(#%
:*7)(#5?%
8#<#D+7"%(#43<"4%+(#%7)"%
7)"#5?%
6:""<#%"=)3*="%:4%#D:5#7"%
:7%+7+<B4:4?%
L)%+""#,$"%:4%,+5#%")%
5#42(:E#%C=+"%C+4%
<#+(7#5?%
%
%
%
0%
G+"+%N)<<#2":)7%
N+<23<+":)74%
N)72<34:)74%
a(:":7*%
%
`5#+4%+(#%$))(<B%
#A$(#44#5?%
!#7"#72#4%+(#%$))(<B%
2)74"(32"#5?%
d+7B%*(+,,+(%#(()(4%
#A:4"?%
d+7B%4$#<<:7*%#(()(4%
#A:4"?%
'+$#(%:4%5:99:23<"%")%
(#+5?%
`,$()$#(%D)2+E3<+(B?%
%
R!)3(2#-W'%a)(U4=)$-8#9#(#72#T%W3"=)(-'=B4:24%X+=37+%;%K:"<#-6+E%1)(,+"S%
15
LABORATORa RUBRIC (if the lab is designed by the students)
Criteria: Designs Experiment !"35#7"%5#,)74"(+"#4%U7)C<#5*#%+75%4U:<<4%7#2#44+(B%")%$#(9)(,%%
42:#7":9:2%:7M3:(B?%Standards and Benchmarks: !N00?H?0]%!N00?H?.]%!N00?Q?O]%+75%!N00?<?Z%
and
Communicates Results Student communicates and applies scientific principles %
Level 4
%
K=#%#A$#(:,#7"+<%5#4:*7%
,##"4%+<<%(#M3:(#,#7"4%
)9%+%6#D#<%HF%
%
AND
%
N)74:5#(4%23((#7"%
(#4#+(2=%+75%
375#(4"+75:7*%)9%"=#%
M3#4":)7%E#:7*%
+55(#44#5?%
@A$<+7+":)74%+(#%
4"(#7*"=#7#5%EB%"=#%34#%
)9%
432=%"=:7*4%+4T%
>(+$=:2%)(*+7:V#(4
G:+*(+,4
W%U#B:7*%4B4"#,
N()44-(#9#(#72:7*
W55:":)7+<%K+E<#4F%
d)5#<4F%>(+$=4
Level H%
Level 2
Level 1
%
K=#%#A$#(:,#7"+<%5#4:*7%:72<35#4T%
%
W7%=B$)"=#4:4%C:"=%2+34#[#99#2"%
(#<+":)74=:$%C=:2=%+55(#44#4%"=#%
M3#4":)7%E#:7*%4"35:#5]%
%
N=):2#%)9%2)7"()<4%
cE4#(D+":)74%+75[)(%
,#+43(#,#7"4%"=+"%+(#%
4399:2:#7"%")%+55(#44%"=#%
M3#4":)7%E#:7*%+4U#5%+75%+(#%
(#$()532:E<#%
W%5#42(:$":)7%)9%"=#%
$()2#53(#4%+75%,+"#(:+<4%")%
E#%34#5?%
!2:#7":9:2%"#(,4%+(#%+223(+"#<B%
+75%+$$()$(:+"#<B%+$$<:#5%:7%
(#$)("?%
%
W<<%+4$#2"4%)9%"=#%#A$#(:,#7"+<%
5#4:*7%+(#%<)*:2+<<B%(#<+"#5%")%
#+2=%)"=#(F%")%$()D:5#%+%
5#9#74:E<#%#A$#(:,#7"?%
%
K=#%#A$#(:,#7"+<%5#4:*7%:4%:72),$<#"#F%
E3"%"=#%5#4:*7%:4%4399:2:#7"%9)(%
$()D:5:7*%:79)(,+":)7%)7%"=#%M3#4":)7%
E#:7*%+4U#5?%
RN=#2U%+<<%#<#,#7"4%,:44:7*%)(%
:72),$<#"#?S%
%
W7%=B$)"=#4:4%C:"=%2+34#[#99#2"%
(#<+":)74=:$%C=:2=%+55(#44#4%"=#%
M3#4":)7%E#:7*%4"35:#5%
N=):2#%)9%2)7"()<4%
N)74:5#(+":)7%)9%4+,$<#%4:V#%
cE4#(D+":)74%+75[)(%,#+43(#,#7"4%
"=+"%+(#%4399:2:#7"%")%+55(#44%"=#%
M3#4":)7%E#:7*%+4U#5%+75%+(#%
(#$()532:E<#%
W%5#42(:$":)7%)9%"=#%$()2#53(#4%
+75%,+"#(:+<4%")%E#%34#5?%
`72)74:4"#7"%34#%)9%+223(+"#%+75%
+$$()$(:+"#%42:#7":9:2%"#(,4%"=()3*=)3"%
"=#%(#$)("?%
%
%
K=#%#A$#(:,#7"%:4%2),$<#"#5%
C:"=)3"%+7%#A$<+7+":)7%)9%"=#%
5#4:*7]%
%
OR
%
G#4:*7%:4%:7+5#M3+"#%9)(%
+74C#(:7*%+7B%+4$#2"4%)9%"=#%
M3#4":)7]%
%
!2:#7":9:2%D)2+E3<+(B%34#5F%
E3"%:7+223(+"#%"=()3*=)3"%
"=#%(#$)("%)(%7)"%34#5%C=#7%
"=#%)$$)("37:"B%#A:4"4]%
%
Credit: AP B-- Physics Kahuna
\UIc- Sample of Formative Assessment
Complete the following assessment given below. Explanation of each question,
using problem solving method has to be shown in an additional sheet.
0? a=#7%+%C+D#%$+44#4%9(),%+%<#44%5#74#%,#5:3,%")%+%5#74#(%,#5:3,F%"=#%mmmm%,+B%2=+7*#?%
!$##5%
1(#M3#72B%
a+D#<#7*"=%
!$##5F%9(#M3#72BF%+75%C+D#<#7*"=%
%
.? a+D#4%:7%C=:2=%"=#%$+(":2<#4%)9%"=#%,#5:3,%,)D#%)7<B%:7%"=#%4+,#%5:(#2":)7%+4%"=#%,)":)7%
)9%"=#%C+D#%+(#%mmmm%C+D#4%
+(#%2),$(#44:)7+<%C+D#4%
16
H?
O?
I?
J?
P?
+(#%"(+74D#(4#%C+D#4%
,34"%=+D#%+%,#5:3,%
+(#%*#7#(+"#5%EB%4"+":2%#<#2"(:2:"B%
%
W%(+B%)9%<:*="%4"(:U#4%+%"=:2U%4=##"%)9%*<+44%R7%f%0?IS%+"%+7%+7*<#%)9%.Ij%C:"=%"=#%7)(,+<?%
1:75%"=#%+7*<#%)9%"=#%(+B%(#9<#2"#5%)99%"=#%*<+44%43(9+2#%C:"=%(#4$#2"%")%"=#%7)(,+<%
IJj%
OJj%
H^j%
.Ij%
H0j%
%
`9%<:*="%C+D#4%2=+7*#%4$##5%C=#7%"=#B%$+44%9(),%)7#%,#5:3,%:7")%+7)"=#(F%"=#%<:*="%C:<<%
E#%mmmm?%
G:9934#5%
8#9<#2"#5%
8#9(+2"#5%
!#$+(+"#5%
%
d)7)2=(),+":2%<:*="%=:"4%+%$:#2#%)9%*<+44?%a=+"%=+$$#74%")%"=#%C+D#<#7*"=%:7%"=#%*<+44%+4%
"=#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%:72(#+4#4b%
G#2(#+4#4%
`72(#+4#4%
(#,+:74%2)74"+7"%
+$$()+2=#4%HA0/Q%,%
+$$()+2=#4%/%,%
%
K=#%4$##5%)9%#<#2"(),+*7#":2%C+D#4%:4%mmmm?%
*(#+"#(%:7%C+"#(%"=+7%:7%+:(%
5:99#(#7"%9)(%#+2=%9(#M3#72B%:7%+%D+233,%
H//F///%U,[4%:7%+%D+233,%
<#44%9)(%<:*="%"=+7%9)(%Z%(+B4%
%
W%(+B%)9%<:*="%4"(:U#4%+%"=:2U%4=##"%)9%*<+44%R7%f%0?IS%+"%+7%+7*<#%)9%.Ij%C:"=%"=#%7)(,+<?%
1:75%"=#%+7*<#%)9%"=#%(#9(+2"#5%(+B%C:"=:7%"=#%*<+44%C:"=%(#4$#2"%")%"=#%7)(,+<?%
IJj%
OJj%
.Ij%
17
0Jj%
0.j%
%%
Q? 6:*="%9(),%+%IJ/-7,%,)7)2=(),+":2%4)3(2#%:4%:72:5#7"%3$)7%"=#%43(9+2#%)9%934#5%M3+("V%
R7%f%0?IJS%+"%+7%+7*<#%)9%J/j?%a=+"%:4%"=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9<#2":)7%9(),%"=#%43(9+2#b%
%
0Ij%
HOj%
J/j%
PIj%
Q0j%
%
PREVIEW
6:*="%2+7%E#%(#9(+2"#5F%)(%E#7"F%"=()3*=%+%"(+74$+(#7"%,#5:3,%432=%+4%+%<#74?%K=#%
(#<+":)74=:$%E#"C##7%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%"C)%5:99#(#7"%,#5:+%+75%"=#%+7*<#%)9%"=#%<:*="%
(+B4%2+7%E#%9)375%34:7*%Snell*s law of refraction?%W4%<:*="%(+B4%+(#%(#9(+2"#5F%"=#B%,+B%
9)(,%+7%:,+*#F%C=:2=%2+7%E#%(#+<%)(%D:("3+<F%5#$#75:7*%)7%"=#%5:4"+72#%9(),%"=#%<#74%")%
"=#%)EY#2"%C=:2=%:4%"=#%4)3(2#%)9%"=#%<:*="%(+B4?%
\UICK REFERENCE
Important Terms
angle%of%incidence%%%
"=#%+7*<#%E#"C##7%"=#%7)(,+<%<:7#%")%+%43(9+2#%+75%"=#%:72:5#7"%(+B%)(%C+D#%
angle%of%refraction%%
"=#%+7*<#%E#"C##7%"=#%7)(,+<%<:7#%")%+%43(9+2#%+75%"=#%(#9(+2"#5%(+B%%
)(%C+D#%+"%"=#%E)375+(B%E#"C##7%"C)%,#5:+?%
critical%angle%%%%
"=#%,:7:,3,%+7*<#%#7"#(:7*%%+%5:99#(#7"%,#5:3,%+"%C=:2=%")"+<%:7"#(7+<%%
(#9<#2":)7%C:<<%)223(%
index%of refraction%%%%
"=#%(+":)%)9%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%+%D+233,%")%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%%
+7)"=#(%,#5:3,%
lens%%%%
+%$:#2#%)9%"(+74$+(#7"%,+"#(:+<%"=+"%2+7%E#75%<:*="%(+B4%")%2)7D#(*#%)(%
5:D#(*#%
magnifying glass
18
)$":2+<%:74"(3,#7"%C=:2=%(#43<"4%9(),%+7%)EY#2"%E#:7*%$<+2#5%C:"=:7%"=#%9)2+<%
<#7*"=%)9%+%2)7D#A%<#74F%$()532:7*%+7%#7<+(*#5%D:("3+<%:,+*#%%
refraction%%%%
"=#%2=+7*#%:7%4$##5F%C+D#<#7*"=F%+75%5:(#2":)7%)9%+%<:*="%(+B%53#%")%+%2=+7*#%%
:7%,#5:3,%
Snell’s law of refraction
C=#7%<:*="%$+44#4%9(),%)7#%,+"#(:+<%C:"=%+7%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%70%:7")%+%
,+"#(:+<%%
)9%+%5:99#(#7"%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%7.F%"=#%+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#%M0%:4%(#<+"#5%")%
"=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7%M.%EB%"=#%#M3+":)7%70sinM0%f%7.4:7.?%
Equations and Symbols
c
n
f
c
v
n1 sin
sin
c
1
n 2 sin
2
n2
n1
%
C=#(#%
2%f%4$##5%)9%<:*="%f%H%A%0/Q%,[4%
9%f%9(#M3#72B%)9%<:*="%
C%f%C+D#<#7*"=%)9%<:*="%
7%f%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%
M0%f%+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#%
M.%f%+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7%
M2%f%2(:":2+<%+7*<#%
DISCUSSION OF SELECTED SECTIONS%
K=#%`75#A%)9%RefractionF and Snell*s Law and the Refraction of Light%
%
`9%B)3%$3"%+%$#72:<%:7%+%2<#+(%*<+44%)9%C+"#(F%"=#%:,+*#%)9%"=#%$#72:<%:7%"=#%C+"#(%
+$$#+(4%")%E#%E#7"%+75%5:4")("#5?%K=#%<:*="%$+44:7*%9(),%"=#%+:(%:7")%"=#%C+"#(%:4%
(#9(+2"#5F%E#75:7*%53#%")%"=#%fact that it*s passing from one medium to another:
`9%C#%2)74:5#(%+%4:7*<#%E#+,%)9%<+4#(%<:*="F%C#%2+7%)E4#(D#%:"%+4%:"%$+44#4%9(),%+:(%
:7")%+%$:#2#%)9%*<+44?%
19
!i
ai
r
glas
s
!r
!i
ai
r
%
%
K=#%+7*<#% :%9(),%"=#%7)(,+<%<:7#%+"%C=:2=%"=#%E#+,%+$$()+2=#4%"=#%*<+44%9(),%"=#%
+:(%:4%2+<<#5%"=#%+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#?%K=#%+7*<#% (%9(),%"=#%7)(,+<%<:7#%:7%"=#%*<+44%:4%
"=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7?%W4%"=#%<:*="%$+44#4%9(),%"=#%+:(F%+%<#44%5#74#%,#5:3,F%:7")%
"=#%*<+44F%+%5#74#(%,#5:3,F%"=#%E#+,%E#754%")C+(5%"=#%7)(,+<%<:7#?%a=#7%"=#%
E#+,%)9%<:*="%#A:"4%"=#%*<+44%+75%$+44#4%E+2U%:7")%"=#%+:(F%:"%E#754%+C+B%9(),%"=#%
7)(,+<%+"%"=#%4+,#%+7*<#%:"%#7"#(#5%"=#%*<+44%9(),%"=#%+:(?%%
%
K=#%<:*="%E#754%")C+(5%"=#%7)(,+<%:7%"=#%*<+44%E#2+34#%"=#%E#+,%4<)C4%5)C7%+4%:"%
#7"#(4%"=#%*<+44?%6:*="%"(+D#<4%,)(#%4<)C<B%:7%+%5#74#(%,#5:3,?%8#2+<<%"=+"%4)375%
"(+D#<4%9+4"#(%:7%+%5#74#(%,#5:3,F%E3"%4)375%:4%+%,#2=+7:2+<%C+D#F%C=:<#%<:*="%:4%+7%
#<#2"(),+*7#":2%C+D#?%K=#%(+":)%)9%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%+:(%R+$$()A:,+"#<B%+%
D+233,S%")%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%"=#%*<+44%R)(%+7B%)"=#(%,#5:3,S%:4%2+<<#5%"=#%:75#A%
)9%(#9(+2":)7%7T%
n
c
v glass
%
%
K=#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%9)(%+%D+233,%)(%+:(%:4%0F%4:72#%D%f%2?%K=#%:75#A%)9%
(#9(+2":)7%9)(%2()C7%*<+44%:4%+E)3"%0?JF%C=:2=%,#+74%"=+"%<:*="%"(+D#<4%0?J%":,#4%
9+4"#(%:7%+%D+233,%"=+7%:7%2()C7%*<+44?%%
a#%2+7%(#<+"#%"=#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%")%"=#%+7*<#4%)9%:72:5#72#%+75%(#9(+2":)7%EB%
34:7*%Snell*s law of refractionT%
%
n1 sin 1 n2 sin 2 %
%
20
C=#(#%70%+75%7.%+(#%"=#%:75:2#4%)9%(#9(+2":)7%)9%"=#%9:(4"%+75%4#2)75%,#5:+F%+75%
+75%% .%+(#%"=#%+7*<#4%)9%:72:5#72#%+75%(#9(+2":)7F%(#4$#2":D#<B?%%
%
%
Example 1
W%E#+,%)9%<:*="%#7"#(4%"=#%9<+"%43(9+2#%)9%+%5:+,)75%+"%+7%+7*<#%)9%H/j%9(),%"=#%
7)(,+<?%K=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7%:7%"=#%5:+,)75%:4%,#+43(#5%")%E#%0.j%9(),%"=#%
7)(,+<?%G#"#(,:7#%"=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%"=#%5:+,)75?%
%
Solution 1
K=#%+7*<#%)9%:72:5#72#%M0%f%H/j%+75%"=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7%M.%f%0.j?%K=#%:75#A%)9%
(#9(+2":)7%2+7%be found by Snell*s law:%
n1 sin 1 n2 sin 2
1.0 sin 30
n2
n2 sin 12 %
2.5
K=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%5:+,)75%2+7%E#%9)375%EB%
c
n2
v dia mond
%
c 3x10 8 m / s
8
v dia mond
1.2 x10 m / s
n2
2.5
%
Total Internal Reflection
%
N)74:5#(%+%C+"#(-$())9%<+4#(%C=:2=%B)3%2+7%$3"%375#(%"=#%C+"#(%+75%4=:7#%+%E#+,%
)9%<:*="%3$%)3"%)9%"=#%C+"#(%:7")%"=#%+:(?%`9%B)3%4=:7#%"=#%<:*="%+"%+%4,+<<%+7*<#%
(#<+":D#%")%"=#%7)(,+<F%"=#%<:*="%C:<<%#,#(*#%9(),%"=#%C+"#(%+75%E#75%+C+B%9(),%=#%
7)(,+<%+4%:"%#7"#(4%"=#%+:(?%%
!r
!r =
=>?
!i
!i
!c
!r
total
internal
reflecti
on
%
%
21
W4%B)3%:72(#+4#%"=#%+7*<#%+"%C=:2=%"=#%<+4#(%:4%$):7"#5%+"%"=#%43(9+2#%)9%"=#%C+"#(F%
"=#%(#9(+2"#5%+7*<#%+<4)%:72(#+4#4F%#D#7"3+<<B%2+34:7*%"=#%(#9(+2"#5%(+B%")%E#75%
$+(+<<#<%")%"=#%43(9+2#%)9%"=#%C+"#(T%
%
K=#%+7*<#% 2%:4%2+<<#5%"=#%2(:":2+<%+7*<#?%`9%"=#%<+4#(%:4%$):7"#5%+"%+7%+7*<#%*(#+"#(%
"=+7%"=#%2(:":2+<%+7*<#F%"=#%E#+,%C:<<%7)"%#,#(*#%9(),%"=#%C+"#(F%E3"%C:<<%(#9<#2"%
E+2U%:7")%"=#%C+"#(?%
%
K=:4%$=#7),#7)7%:4%2+<<#5%")"+<%:7"#(7+<%(#9<#2":)7?%K=#%:74:5#%43(9+2#4%)9%+%*<+44%
$(:4,%:7%+%$+:(%)9%E:7)23<+(4%2+7%E#2),#%<:U#%,:(()(4F%(#9<#2":7*%<:*="%:74:5#%"=#%
$(:4,%:9%"=#%<:*="%:4%$):7"#5%+"%"=#%43(9+2#%+"%+7%+7*<#%*(#+"#(%"=+7%"=#%2(:":2+<%
+7*<#?%K)"+<%:7"#(7+<%(#9<#2":)7%:4%"=#%+<4)%"=#%$(:72:$<#%E#=:75%"=#%"(+74,:"":7*%)9%
<:*="%C+D#4%"=()3*=%"(+74$+(#7"%9:E#(%)$":2%2+E<#%9)(%2),,37:2+":)7%$3($)4#4?%%
Example 2
K=#%4$##5%)9%<:*="%:7%+%$+(":23<+(%$:#2#%)9%*<+44%:4%.?/%A%0/Q%,[4F%+75%"=#%4$##5%)9%
<:*="%:7%C+"#(%:4%.?H%A%0/Q%,[4?%%
R+S%1:75%"=#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%9)(%%
%%%%%:?%"=#%*<+44%
%%%%%::?%C+"#(%
%
Solution 2
c 3.0 x10 8 m / s
1.5 %
R+S%:?% n g
v g 2.0 x10 8 m / s
%%%%::?% nw
c
vw
3.0 x10 8 m / s
2.3x10 8 m / s
1.3 %
%
RES%W%4=##"%)9%"=:4%*<+44%:4%$<+2#5%)D#(%+%"+7U%93<<%)9%C+"#(?%6+4#(%<:*="%:4%:72:5#7"%
)7%"=#%*<+44%9(),%"=#%+:(%+E)D#%"=#%*<+44%+"%+7%+7*<#%)9%O/j?%G#"#(,:7#%C=#"=#(%)(%
7)"%"=#%<:*="%$+44#4%:7")%"=#%C+"#(F%+75F%:9%:"%5)#4F%9:75%"=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7%)9%
"=#%<:*="%:7%"=#%C+"#(?%
22
40º
ai
rrr
rrr
r
glas
ssss
ssss
!g
water
!w
%
%(b) FirstF let*s find the critical angle for the light traveling from the glass to the
C+"#(?%
%
c
nw
ng
sin
sin
1.3
1.5
60 %
`9%"=#%<:*="%$+44#4%9(),%"=#%*<+44%")C+(5%"=#%C+"#(%+"%+7%+7*<#%*(#+"#(%"=+7%J/jF%
:"%C:<<%")"+<<B%:7"#(7+<<B%(#9<#2"%:74:5#%"=#%*<+44?%K=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7%:74:5#%"=#%
*<+44%2+7%E#%9)375%EB%%
n air sin air n g sin g
g
sin air
ng
sin
1
sin 40
1.5
%
25.4
%
!:72#%"=#%+7*<#%)9%"=#%<:*="%:7%"=#%*<+44%<#44%"=+7%J/jF%"=#%<:*="%C:<<%(#9(+2"%:7%"=#%
C+"#(?%K=#%+7*<#%)9%(#9(+2":)7%:7%"=#%C+"#(%2+7%E#%9)375%EB%
n g sin g n w sin w
w
sin
1
n g sin
nw
g
sin
1
1.5 sin 25.4
1.3
29.7
%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Example 3
%
K=#%*<+44%$<+"#%4=)C7%+E)D#%=+4%+7%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%"=+"%5#$#754%)7%"=#%
C+D#<#7*"=%)9%"=#%<:*="%"=+"%#7"#(4%:"?%K=#%:75#A%)9%(#9(+2":)7%:4%0?IO%9)(%B#<<)C%
<:*="%)9%C+D#<#7*"=%I?Q/%A%0/-^%,%:7%"=#%+:(%+75%0?J.%9)(%D:)<#"%<:*="%)9%C+D#<#7*"=%
O?./%A%0/-^%,%:7%"=#%+:(?%_)"=%"=#%B#<<)C%+75%D:)<#"%E#+,4%)9%<:*="%#7"#(%"=#%*<+44%
23
9(),%"=#%<#9"%+"%"=#%4+,#%+7*<#%)9%H/j%+E)D#%"=#%7)(,+<F%+(#%(#9(+2"#5%:74:5#%"=#%
*<+44F%+75%#A:"%"=#%*<+44%)7%"=#%(:*="?%
Yellow
w
Glass
@>?
Violet
@>?
%
%
%
+S%G#"#(,:7#%"=#%9)<<)C:7*%9)(%#+2=%2)<)(%9)(%"=#%":,#%"=#%<:*="%:4%:74:5#%"=#%*<+44?%
%%%%"=#%4$##5%)9%#+2=%2)<)(%:7%"=#%*<+44?%
Solution 3
(a)
c 3.00 x10 8 m / s
vY
1.95 x10 8 m / s
nY
1.54
%
c 3.00 x10 8 m / s
8
vV
1.85 x10 m / s
nV
1.62
(b)%%%%c7%"=#%9:*3(#%+E)D#F%4U#"2=%"=#%+$$()A:,+"#%$+"=4%)9%E)"=%"=#%B#<<)C%+75%
"=#%D:)<#"%(+B4%+4%"=#B%$+44%"=()3*=%"=#%*<+44%+75%"=#7%#A:"%:7")%"=#%+:(?%%
Solution b)
e:)<#"%<:*="%4<)C4%5)C7%,)(#%"=+7%B#<<)C%<:*="F%+75%E#754%:"4%$+"=%,)(#%"=+7%B#<<)C%
<:*="?%_)"=%E#+,4%E#75%")C+(5%"=#%7)(,+<%<:7#%:74:5#%"=#%*<+44F%+75%+C+B%9(),%"=#%%
7)(,+<%<:7#%R+"%H/jS%C=#7%"=#B%#A:"%"=#%*<+44%:7")%"=#%+:(%+*+:7?%
%
Yellow
wwww
%
w
Glass
%
@>?
%
Violet
%
@>?
%
%
%
%
%
24
8#9#(#72#4T%%
=""$4T[[CCC?*#)(*:+4"+75+(54?)(*[1(+,#C)(U4['+*#4[_()C
4#1(+,#C)(U4[!2:#72#^-0.?+4$A%
=""$4T[[CCC?*#)(*:+4"+75+(54?)(*[!"+75+(54%
=""$T[[CCC?$=B?:<4"3?#53[$"#[37:"$<+74?=",<%
=""$T[[CCC?$=B4:242<+44()),?2),[2<+44[(#9(7[30O<.E?29,%
=""$T[[<:E(+(B?"=:7UM3#4"?)(*[.P/JJ[<:*="(+B4[7<(#9(+2":)7?
=",<%
=""$T[[CCC?$=B?:<4"3?#53[$"#[37:"$<+74?=",<%
K#A"%_))UT%'=B4:24%!%'(:72:$<#4%;%'()E<#,4-%><#72)%!2:#72#%%
K#A"%_))UT%N)<<#*#%'=B4:24%!!#(C+B%[%1+3*=7%
!)3(2#-!3,,#(%W'%'=B4:24%a)(U4=)$%!2)7532"#5%EB%
N)<<#*#%_)+(5%
%
%
25